Abstract: This hypothesis shows that the induction and the
remanent of magnetic properties govern the mechanism processes of
DNA replication and the shortening of the telomere.
The solenoid–like formation of each parental DNA strand, which
exists at the initial stage of the replication process, enables an electric
charge transformation through the strand to produce a magnetic field.
The magnetic field, in turn, induces the surrounding medium to form
a new (replicated) strand by a remanent magnetisation. Through the
remanent [residual] magnetisation process, the replicated strand
possesses a similar information pattern to that of the parental strand.
In the same process, the remanent amount of magnetisation forms the
medium in which it has less of both repetitive and pattern
magnetisation than that of the parental strand, therefore the replicated
strand shows a shortening in the length of its telomeres.
Abstract: This paper presents the elastic buckling of
homogeneous beams with a pair of piezoelectric layers surface
bonded on both sides of the beams. The displacement field of beam is
assumed based on the Engesser-Timoshenko beam theory.
Applying the Hamilton's principle, the equilibrium equation is
established. The influences of applied voltage, dimensionless
geometrical parameter and piezoelectric thickness on the critical
buckling load of beam are presented. To investigate the accuracy of
the present analysis, a compression study is carried out with a known
data.
Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods are increasingly being used for problem solving. This paper concerns using AI-type learning machines for power quality problem, which is a problem of general interest to power system to provide quality power to all appliances. Electrical power of good quality is essential for proper operation of electronic equipments such as computers and PLCs. Malfunction of such equipment may lead to loss of production or disruption of critical services resulting in huge financial and other losses. It is therefore necessary that critical loads be supplied with electricity of acceptable quality. Recognition of the presence of any disturbance and classifying any existing disturbance into a particular type is the first step in combating the problem. In this work two classes of AI methods for Power quality data mining are studied: Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and Support Vector Machines (SVMs). We show that SVMs are superior to ANNs in two critical respects: SVMs train and run an order of magnitude faster; and SVMs give higher classification accuracy.
Abstract: The daily increase of organic waste materials resulting
from different activities in the country is one of the main factors for
the pollution of environment. Today, with regard to the low level of
the output of using traditional methods, the high cost of disposal
waste materials and environmental pollutions, the use of modern
methods such as anaerobic digestion for the production of biogas has
been prevailing. The collected biogas from the process of anaerobic
digestion, as a renewable energy source similar to natural gas but
with a less methane and heating value is usable. Today, with the help
of technologies of filtration and proper preparation, access to biogas
with features fully similar to natural gas has become possible. At
present biogas is one of the main sources of supplying electrical and
thermal energy and also an appropriate option to be used in four
stroke engine, diesel engine, sterling engine, gas turbine, gas micro
turbine and fuel cell to produce electricity. The use of biogas for
different reasons which returns to socio-economic and environmental
advantages has been noticed in CHP for the production of energy in
the world. The production of biogas from the technology of anaerobic
digestion and its application in CHP power plants in Iran can not only
supply part of the energy demands in the country, but it can
materialize moving in line with the sustainable development. In this
article, the necessity of the development of CHP plants with biogas
fuels in the country will be dealt based on studies performed from the
economic, environmental and social aspects. Also to prove the
importance of the establishment of these kinds of power plants from
the economic point of view, necessary calculations has been done as
a case study for a CHP power plant with a biogas fuel.
Abstract: Nanomaterials have attracted considerable attention
during the last two decades, due to their unusual electrical, mechanical
and other physical properties as compared with their bulky
counterparts. The mechanical properties of nanostructured materials
show strong size dependency, which has been explained within the
framework of continuum mechanics by including the effects of surface
stress. The size-dependent deformations of two-dimensional
nanosized structures with surface effects are investigated in the paper
by the finite element method. Truss element is used to evaluate the
contribution of surface stress to the total potential energy and the
Gurtin and Murdoch surface stress model is implemented with
ANSYS through its user programmable features. The proposed
approach is used to investigate size-dependent stress concentration
around a nanosized circular hole and the size-dependent effective
moduli of nanoporous materials. Numerical results are compared with
available analytical results to validate the proposed modeling
approach.
Abstract: This paper compares planning results of the electricity and water generation inventory up to year 2030 in the State of
Kuwait. Currently, the generation inventory consists of oil and gas fired technologies only. The planning study considers two main cases. The first case, Reference case, examines a generation inventory based on oil and gas fired generation technologies only.
The second case examines the inclusion of renewables as part of the generation inventory under two scenarios. In the first scenario, Ref-RE, renewable build-out is based on optimum economic performance
of overall generation system. Result shows that the optimum installed
renewable capacity with electric energy generation of 11% . In the second scenario, Ref-RE20, the renewable capacity build-out is
forced to provide 20% of electric energy by 2030. The respective energy systems costs of Reference, Ref-RE and Ref-RE20 case
scenarios reach US dollar 24, 10 and 14 billion annually in 2030.
Abstract: In this paper, we proposed the effects of Mo thickness
on the properties of AZO/Mo/AZO multilayer thin films for
opto-electronics applications. The structural, optical and electrical
properties of AZO/Mo/AZO thin films were investigated.
Optimization of the thin films coatings resulted with low resistivity of
9.98 × 10-5 )-cm, mobility of 12.75 cm2/V-s, carrier concentration of
1.05 × 1022 cm-3, maximum transmittance of 79.13% over visible
spectrum of 380 – 780 nm and Haacke figure of merit (FOM) are 5.95
× 10-2 )-1 under Mo layer thickness of 15 nm. These results indicate an
alternative candidate for use as a transparent electrode in solar cells
and various displays applications.
Abstract: High performance Resistive Random Access Memory
(RRAM) based on HfOx has been prepared and its temperature
instability has been investigated in this work. With increasing
temperature, it is found that: leakage current at high resistance state
increases, which can be explained by the higher density of traps
inside dielectrics (related to trap-assistant tunneling), leading to a
smaller On/Off ratio; set and reset voltages decrease, which may be
attributed to the higher oxygen ion mobility, in addition to the
reduced potential barrier to create / recover oxygen ions (or oxygen
vacancies); temperature impact on the RRAM retention degradation
is more serious than electrical bias.
Abstract: An on-line condition monitoring method for transmission line is proposed using electrical circuit theory and IT technology in this paper. It is reasonable that the circuit parameters such as resistance (R), inductance (L), conductance (g) and capacitance (C) of a transmission line expose the electrical conditions and physical state of the line. Those parameters can be calculated from the linear equation composed of voltages and currents measured by synchro-phasor measurement technique at both end of the line. A set of linear voltage drop equations containing four terminal constants (A, B ,C ,D ) are mathematical models of the transmission line circuits. At least two sets of those linear equations are established from different operation condition of the line, they may mathematically yield those circuit parameters of the line. The conditions of line connectivity including state of connecting parts or contacting parts of the switching device may be monitored by resistance variations during operation. The insulation conditions of the line can be monitored by conductance (g) and capacitance(C) measurements. Together with other condition monitoring devices such as partial discharge, sensors and visual sensing device etc.,they may give useful information to monitor out any incipient symptoms of faults. The prototype of hardware system has been developed and tested through laboratory level simulated transmission lines. The test has shown enough evident to put the proposed method to practical uses.
Abstract: This paper presents the optimal controller design of
the generator control unit in the aircraft power system. The adaptive
tabu search technique is applied to tune the controller parameters
until the best terminal output voltage of generator is achieved. The
output response from the system with the controllers designed by the
proposed technique is compared with those from the conventional
method. The transient simulations using the commercial software
package show that the controllers designed from the adaptive tabu
search algorithm can provide the better output performance compared
with the result from the classical method. The proposed design
technique is very flexible and useful for electrical aircraft engineers.
Abstract: Generation system reliability assessment is an
important task which can be performed using deterministic or
probabilistic techniques. The probabilistic approaches have
significant advantages over the deterministic methods. However,
more complicated modeling is required by the probabilistic
approaches. Power generation model is a basic requirement for this
assessment. One form of the generation models is the well known
capacity outage probability table (COPT). Different analytical
techniques have been used to construct the COPT. These approaches
require considerable mathematical modeling of the generating units.
The unit-s models are combined to build the COPT which will add
more burdens on the process of creating the COPT. Decimal to
Binary Conversion (DBC) technique is widely and commonly applied
in electronic systems and computing This paper proposes a novel
utilization of the DBC to create the COPT without engaging in
analytical modeling or time consuming simulations. The simple
binary representation , “0 " and “1 " is used to model the states o f
generating units. The proposed technique is proven to be an effective
approach to build the generation model.
Abstract: This paper presents the impact study of apparent
reactance injected by series Flexible AC Transmission System
(FACTS) i.e. Thyristor Controlled Series Reactor (TCSR) on the
measured impedance of a 400 kV single electrical transmission line
in the presence of phase to earth fault with fault resistance. The study
deals with an electrical transmission line of Eastern Algerian
transmission networks at Group Sonelgaz (Algerian Company of
Electrical and Gas) compensated by TCSR connected at midpoint of
the line. This compensator used to inject active and reactive powers
is controlled by three TCSR-s. The simulations results investigate the
impacts of the TCSR on the parameters of short circuit calculation
and parameters of measured impedance by distance relay in the
presence of earth fault for three cases study.
Abstract: In this paper, a new Genetic Algorithm (GA) based
methodology is proposed to optimize the Degree of Hybridization
(DOH) in a passenger parallel hybrid car. At first step, target
parameters for the vehicle are decided and then using ADvanced
VehIcle SimulatOR (ADVISOR) software, the variation pattern of
these target parameters, across the different DOHs, is extracted. At
the next step, a suitable cost function is defined and is optimized
using GA. In this paper, also a new technique has been proposed for
deciding the number of battery modules for each DOH, which leads
to a great improvement in the vehicle performance. The proposed
methodology is so simple, fast and at the same time, so efficient.
Abstract: Modern Society is strongly dependent on a reliable
power supply. The availability of cheap and reliable supply of
electrical energy is an indicator of societal welfare. Uninterrupted
reliable operation of a modern power system depends to a great
extent on reliable and satisfactory performance of insulators under
different environmental conditions. This paper reports result of
natural pollution tests that have been done at sites around city of
Aligarh (India). Flashover voltage per insulation distance (FOVUID)
of porcelain disc insulator for different pH values, ESDD has been
recorded for proper correlation between electrical and chemical
parameters. The pH of the contaminants has been suggested to be an
effective pollution severity indicator and may be used as a diagnostic
parameter for proper maintenance of porcelain insulators.
Abstract: Power line communications may be used as a data
communication channel in public and indoor distribution networks so
that it does not require the installing of new cables. Industrial low
voltage distribution network may be utilized for data transfer
required by the on-line condition monitoring of electric motors. This
paper presents a pilot distribution network for modeling low voltage
power line as data transfer channel. The signal attenuation in
communication channels in the pilot environment is presented and
the analysis is done by varying the corresponding parameters for the
signal attenuation.
Abstract: In this study, we introduced a communication system
where human body was used as medium through which data were
transferred. Multiple biosignal sensing units were attached to a subject
and wireless personal area network was formed. Data of the sensing
units were shared among them. We used wideband pulse
communication that was simple, low-power consuming and high data
rated. Each unit functioned as independent communication device or
node. A method of channel search and communication among the
modes was developed. A protocol of carrier sense multiple
access/collision detect was implemented in order to avoid data
collision or interferences. Biosignal sensing units should be located at
different locations due to the nature of biosignal origin. Our research
provided a flexibility of collecting data without using electrical wires.
More non-constrained measurement was accomplished which was
more suitable for u-Health monitoring.
Abstract: In an electric power system, spinning reserve
requirements can be determined by using deterministic and/or
probabilistic measures. Although deterministic methods are usual in
many systems, application of probabilistic methods becomes
increasingly important in the new environment of the electric power
utility industry. This is because of the increased uncertainty
associated with competition. In this paper 1) a new probabilistic
method is presented which considers the reliability of transmission
system in a simplified manner and 2) deterministic and probabilistic
methods are compared. The studied methods are applied to the Roy
Billinton Test System (RBTS).
Abstract: A real time image-guided electroplating system is
proposed in this paper. Unlike previous electroplating systems, instead
of using the intermittent mode to electroplate 500um long copper
specimen, a CCD camera and a motion controller are used to adjust
anode-cathode distance to obtain better results. Since the image of the
gap distance is highly deteriorated due to complex chemical-electrical
operation inside the electrolyte, to determine the gap distance, an
image processing algorithm is developed and mainly based on the
entropy and energy values. In addition, the color and incidence
direction of light source are also discussed to help the image process in
this paper. From the experiment results, the specimens created by the
proposed system show better structure, better uniformity and better
finishing surface compared to those by previous intermittent
electroplating setup.
Abstract: The paper presents coupled electromagnetic and
thermal field analysis of busbar system (of rectangular cross-section
geometry) submitted to short circuit conditions. The laboratory model
was validated against both analytical solution and experimental
observations. The considered problem required the computation of
the detailed distribution of the power losses and the heat transfer
modes. In this electromagnetic and thermal analysis, different
definitions of electric busbar heating were considered and compared.
The busbar system is a three phase one and consists of aluminum,
painted aluminum and copper busbar. The solution to the coupled
field problem is obtained using the finite element method and the
QuickField™ program. Experiments have been carried out using two
different approaches and compared with computed results.
Abstract: Sensors possess several properties of physical
measures. Whether devices that convert a sensed signal into an
electrical signal, chemical sensors and biosensors, thus all these
sensors can be considered as an interface between the physical and
electrical equipment. The problem is the analysis of the multitudes of
saved settings as input variables. However, they do not all have the
same level of influence on the outputs. In order to identify the most
sensitive parameters, those that can guide users in gathering
information on the ground and in the process of model calibration
and sensitivity analysis for the effect of each change made.
Mathematical models used for processing become very complex.
In this paper a fuzzy rule-based system is proposed as a solution
for this problem. The system collects the available signals
information from sensors. Moreover, the system allows the study of
the influence of the various factors that take part in the decision
system. Since its inception fuzzy set theory has been regarded as a
formalism suitable to deal with the imprecision intrinsic to many
problems. At the same time, fuzzy sets allow to use symbolic models.
In this study an example was applied for resolving variety of
physiological parameters that define human health state. The
application system was done for medical diagnosis help. The inputs
are the signals expressed the cardiovascular system parameters, blood
pressure, Respiratory system paramsystem was done, it will be able
to predict the state of patient according any input values.