A real time image-guided electroplating system is
proposed in this paper. Unlike previous electroplating systems, instead
of using the intermittent mode to electroplate 500um long copper
specimen, a CCD camera and a motion controller are used to adjust
anode-cathode distance to obtain better results. Since the image of the
gap distance is highly deteriorated due to complex chemical-electrical
operation inside the electrolyte, to determine the gap distance, an
image processing algorithm is developed and mainly based on the
entropy and energy values. In addition, the color and incidence
direction of light source are also discussed to help the image process in
this paper. From the experiment results, the specimens created by the
proposed system show better structure, better uniformity and better
finishing surface compared to those by previous intermittent
electroplating setup.
[1] J. C. Lin, T. K. Chang, J. H. Yang, J. H. Jeng, D. L. Lee, S. B. Jiang,
"Fabrication of a micrometer Ni-Cu alloy column coupled with a Cu
micro-column for thermal measurement", J. Micromech. Microeng. Vol.
19, 015030 (10pp), 2009.
[2] J. H. Yang, J. C. Lin, T. K. Chang, X. B. You, S. B. Jiang, "Localized Ni
deposition improved by saccharin sodium in the intermittent MAGE
process", J. Micromech. Microeng., Vol. 19, 025015 (12pp), (2009).
[3] J. C. Lin, S. B. Jiang, D. L. Lee, C. C. Chen, P. C. Yeh, T. K. Chang and J.
H. Yang "Fabrication of micrometer Ni columns by continuous and
intermittent microanode guided electroplating", J. Micromech.
Microeng., Vol. 15, pp. 2405-2413, (2005).
[4] J. D. Madden, S. R. Lafontaine and I. W. Hunter, Proc. 6th Int. Symp. on
Micro Machine and Human Science, pp. 77-81, (1995).
[5] J. D. Madden and I. W. Hunter, "Three-dimensional microfabrication by
localized electrochemical deposition ", J. Microelectromech. Syst., pp.
524-532, (1996).
[6] E. M. El-Giar, U. Cairo and D. J. Thomson, "Localized electrochemical
plating of interconnects for microelectronic", Proc. IEEE Conf. on
Communications, Power and Computing, Vol. 22-3, pp. 327-332,
(1997).
[7] E. M. El-Giar, R. A. Said, G. E. Bridges and D. J. Thomson, "Localized
electrochemical deposition of copper microstructures", J. Electrochem.
Soc., Vol. 147, pp.586-591, (2000).
[8] S. K. Seol, J. M. Yi, X. Jin, C. C. Kim, J. H. Je, W. L. Tsai, P. C. Hsu, Y.
Hwu, C. H. Chen, L. W. Chang, G. Margaritondo, "Coherent
microradiology directly observes a critical cathode-anode distance effect
in localized electrochemical deposition ", Electrochemical and
Solid-State Letters, Vol. 7, No. 9, pp. C95-C97, (2004).
[9] S. K. Seol, A. R. Pyun, Y. Hwu, G. Margaritondo and J. H. Je, "Localized
electrochemical deposition of copper monitored using real-time x-ray
microradiography ", Adv. Funct. Mater., Vol. 15, pp. 934-937, (2005).
[10] R.C. Gonzalez and R.E. Woods, "Digital Image Processing ",
Prentice-Hall, New Jersey, (2002).
[11] R.C. Gonzalez, R.E. Woods and S.L. Eddins, "Digital Image Processing
using MATLAB ", Prentice-Hall, New Jersey, (2003).
[12] R.C. Gonzalez, R.E. Woods and S.L. Eddins, "Digital Image Processing
using MATLAB ", 2nd edition, Gatesmark Publishing, United States,
(2009).
[1] J. C. Lin, T. K. Chang, J. H. Yang, J. H. Jeng, D. L. Lee, S. B. Jiang,
"Fabrication of a micrometer Ni-Cu alloy column coupled with a Cu
micro-column for thermal measurement", J. Micromech. Microeng. Vol.
19, 015030 (10pp), 2009.
[2] J. H. Yang, J. C. Lin, T. K. Chang, X. B. You, S. B. Jiang, "Localized Ni
deposition improved by saccharin sodium in the intermittent MAGE
process", J. Micromech. Microeng., Vol. 19, 025015 (12pp), (2009).
[3] J. C. Lin, S. B. Jiang, D. L. Lee, C. C. Chen, P. C. Yeh, T. K. Chang and J.
H. Yang "Fabrication of micrometer Ni columns by continuous and
intermittent microanode guided electroplating", J. Micromech.
Microeng., Vol. 15, pp. 2405-2413, (2005).
[4] J. D. Madden, S. R. Lafontaine and I. W. Hunter, Proc. 6th Int. Symp. on
Micro Machine and Human Science, pp. 77-81, (1995).
[5] J. D. Madden and I. W. Hunter, "Three-dimensional microfabrication by
localized electrochemical deposition ", J. Microelectromech. Syst., pp.
524-532, (1996).
[6] E. M. El-Giar, U. Cairo and D. J. Thomson, "Localized electrochemical
plating of interconnects for microelectronic", Proc. IEEE Conf. on
Communications, Power and Computing, Vol. 22-3, pp. 327-332,
(1997).
[7] E. M. El-Giar, R. A. Said, G. E. Bridges and D. J. Thomson, "Localized
electrochemical deposition of copper microstructures", J. Electrochem.
Soc., Vol. 147, pp.586-591, (2000).
[8] S. K. Seol, J. M. Yi, X. Jin, C. C. Kim, J. H. Je, W. L. Tsai, P. C. Hsu, Y.
Hwu, C. H. Chen, L. W. Chang, G. Margaritondo, "Coherent
microradiology directly observes a critical cathode-anode distance effect
in localized electrochemical deposition ", Electrochemical and
Solid-State Letters, Vol. 7, No. 9, pp. C95-C97, (2004).
[9] S. K. Seol, A. R. Pyun, Y. Hwu, G. Margaritondo and J. H. Je, "Localized
electrochemical deposition of copper monitored using real-time x-ray
microradiography ", Adv. Funct. Mater., Vol. 15, pp. 934-937, (2005).
[10] R.C. Gonzalez and R.E. Woods, "Digital Image Processing ",
Prentice-Hall, New Jersey, (2002).
[11] R.C. Gonzalez, R.E. Woods and S.L. Eddins, "Digital Image Processing
using MATLAB ", Prentice-Hall, New Jersey, (2003).
[12] R.C. Gonzalez, R.E. Woods and S.L. Eddins, "Digital Image Processing
using MATLAB ", 2nd edition, Gatesmark Publishing, United States,
(2009).
@article{"International Journal of Mechanical, Industrial and Aerospace Sciences:50203", author = "Ting-Chao Chen and Yean-Ren Hwang and Jing-Chie Lin", title = "Continuity Microplating using Image Processing", abstract = "A real time image-guided electroplating system is
proposed in this paper. Unlike previous electroplating systems, instead
of using the intermittent mode to electroplate 500um long copper
specimen, a CCD camera and a motion controller are used to adjust
anode-cathode distance to obtain better results. Since the image of the
gap distance is highly deteriorated due to complex chemical-electrical
operation inside the electrolyte, to determine the gap distance, an
image processing algorithm is developed and mainly based on the
entropy and energy values. In addition, the color and incidence
direction of light source are also discussed to help the image process in
this paper. From the experiment results, the specimens created by the
proposed system show better structure, better uniformity and better
finishing surface compared to those by previous intermittent
electroplating setup.", keywords = "Electroplating, image guided, image process, light
source.", volume = "7", number = "2", pages = "184-6", }