Effect of TCSR on Measured Impedance by Distance Protection in Presence Single Phase to Earth Fault
This paper presents the impact study of apparent
reactance injected by series Flexible AC Transmission System
(FACTS) i.e. Thyristor Controlled Series Reactor (TCSR) on the
measured impedance of a 400 kV single electrical transmission line
in the presence of phase to earth fault with fault resistance. The study
deals with an electrical transmission line of Eastern Algerian
transmission networks at Group Sonelgaz (Algerian Company of
Electrical and Gas) compensated by TCSR connected at midpoint of
the line. This compensator used to inject active and reactive powers
is controlled by three TCSR-s. The simulations results investigate the
impacts of the TCSR on the parameters of short circuit calculation
and parameters of measured impedance by distance relay in the
presence of earth fault for three cases study.
[1] J. Schlabbach, "Short-Circuit Currents", second edition, Published by
the Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET), London, United
Kingdom, June 2008.
[2] Group Sonelgaz/OS, "Rapport: Statistics of Faults on Electrical
Networks 220 kV and 400 kV", Algiers, Algeria, December 2011.
[3] AREVA T&D, "Network Protection and Automation Guide", second
edition, Published by AREVA, France, January 2010.
[4] G. Zigler, "Numerical Distance Protection: Principles and
Applications", third edition, Publics Corporate Publishing, Germany,
January 2008.
[5] M. Adamiak, and R. Patterson, "Protection Requirements for Flexible
AC Transmission Systems", CIGRE, Paris, France, October 1992.
[6] N. Christl, R. Hedin, R. Johnson, P. Krause, and A. Montoya, "Power
System Studies and Modeling for the Kayenta 230 kV Substation
Advanced Series Compensation", International Conference on AC and
DC Power Transmission (ACDC), London, United Kingdom, pp. 33-37,
September 1991.
[7] IEEE Standard 1534, "IEEE Recommended Practice for Specifying
Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor", IEEE Power and Energy
Society, New York, USA, 20 November 2009.
[8] R.M. Mathur, and R.K. Varma, "Thyristor based FACTS Controllers for
Electrical Transmission Systems", John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Publication
ant IEEE Press, New York, USA, 2002.
[9] M. Khederzadeh, and T.S. Sidhu, "Impact of TCSC on the Protection of
Transmission Lines", IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 21,
No.1, pp. 80-87, January 2006.
[10] T.S. Sidhu, and M. Khederzadeh, "TCSC Impact on Communication
Aided Distance Protection Schemes and Mitigation", IET Conference
on Generation, Transmission and Distribution, Vol. 152, No. 5, pp.
714-728, Sep. 2005.
[11] S. Jamali, A. Kazemi, and H. Shateri, "Measured Impedance by
Distance Relay for Inter Phase Faults with TCSC on a Double Circuit
Line", The 18th Australasian Universities Power Engineering
Conference (AUPEC), Sydney, Australia, 14-17 December 2008.
[12] S. Jamali, A. Kazemi, and H. Shateri, "Measured Impedance by
Distance Relay for Inter Phase Faults in Presence of TCSC on Next
Line", IEEE Region 10 Conference (TENCON), India, 19-21 November
2008.
[13] S. Jamali, A. Kazemi, and H. Shateri, "Effects of Voltage Transformers
Connection Point on Measured Impedance at Relaying Point for Inter
Phase Faults in Presence of TCSC", 2nd IEEE International Conference
on Power and Energy (PECon), Johor Baharu, Malaysia, Dec.1-3,
2008.
[14] A. Kazemi, S. Jamali, and H. Shateri, "Comparing TCSC Placements on
Double Circuit Line Mid-point and Ends from Measured Impedance
Point of View", IEEE International Conference on Industrial
Technology (ICIT-2008), Chengdu 21-24 April 2008.
[15] M. Zellagui, and A. Chaghi, "Impact of TCSC on Measured Impedance
by MHO Distance Relay on 400 kV Algerian Transmission Line in
Presence of Phase to Earth Fault", Journal of Electrical Systems (JES),
Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 273-291, September 2012.
[16] M. Zellagui, and A. Chaghi, "Measured Impedance by MHO Distance
Protection for Phase to Earth Fault in Presence GCSC", ACTA Technica
Corviniensis - Bulletin of Engineering, Tome 5, Fascicule 3, pp. 81-86,
July-September 2012.
[17] M. Zellagui, and A. Chaghi, "Impact of GCSC on Measured Impedance
by Distance Relay in the Presence of Single Phase to Earth Fault", 32th
International Conference on Power Systems Engineering (ICPSE),
Dubai, UAE, 8-9 October 2012.
[18] A. Shojaei, and S.M. Madani, "Analysis of Measured Impedance by
Distance Relay in Presence of SSSC", 5th IET International Conference
on Power Electronics, Machines and Drives (PEMD), Brighton, UK,
19-21 April 2010.
[19] S. Jamali, and H. Shateri, "Locus of Apparent Impedance of Distance
Protection in the Presence of SSSC", European Transactions on
Electrical Power (ETEP), Vol. 21, Issue.1, pp. 398-412, 2011.
[20] M. Zellagui, and A. Chaghi, "Impact of SSSC on Measured Impedance
in Single Phase to Ground Fault Condition on 220 kV Transmission
Line", Leonardo Journal of Sciences (LJS), Vol. 11, Issue 20, pp. 109-
124, January-June 2012.
[21] S. Jamali, A. Kazemi, and H. Shateri, "Measured Impedance by
Distance Relay for Inter Phase Faults in Presence of SSSC", IEEE/PES
Power Systems Conference and Exposition, (PSCE), USA, 15-18
March 2009.
[22] A. Salemnia, M. Khederzadeh, and A. Ghorbani, "Impact of Static
Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) on Performance of Distance
Relay", IEEE Power Tech Conference (PowerTech), Bucharest,
Romania, 28 June - 2 July, 2009.
[23] M.V. Sham, and K. Panduranga Vittal, "Simulation Studies on the
Distance Relay Performance in the Presence of STATCOM", Journal of
Electrical Engineering (JEE), Vol. 11, N┬░ 3, Sept. 2011.
[24] K.K. Sen, and M.L. Sen, "Introduction to FACTS Controllers: Theory,
Modeling and Applications", Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., and
IEEE, New Jersey, USA, July 2009.
[25] M. Zellagui, and A. Chaghi, "Distance Protection Settings Based
Artificial Neural Network in Presence of TCSR on Electrical
Transmission Line", International Journal of Intelligent Systems and
Applications (IJISA), Vol. 4, No. 12, pp. 75-85, November 2012.
[26] Ha Heng Xu, and Zhang BaoHui, "Study on Reactance Relays for Single
Phase to Earth Fault on EHV Transmission Lines", International
Conference on Power System Technology (ICPST), Singapore, 21-24
Nov. 2004.
[27] S. Jamali, and H. Shateri, "Impedance based Fault Location Method for
Single Phase to Earth Faults in Transmission Systems", 10th IET
International Conference on Developments in Power System Protection
(DPSP), United Kingdom, 29 March - 1 April, 2010.
[28] L. Gérin-Lajoie, "A MHO Distance Relay Device in EMTP Works",
Electric Power Systems Research (EPSR), Vol. 79, No.3, pp. 484-49,
March 2009.
[29] Sonelgaz Group/OS, "Topologies of Electrical Networks 400 kV",
Algerian Company of Electrical Transmission Network", 30 December
2011, Algiers, Algeria
[1] J. Schlabbach, "Short-Circuit Currents", second edition, Published by
the Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET), London, United
Kingdom, June 2008.
[2] Group Sonelgaz/OS, "Rapport: Statistics of Faults on Electrical
Networks 220 kV and 400 kV", Algiers, Algeria, December 2011.
[3] AREVA T&D, "Network Protection and Automation Guide", second
edition, Published by AREVA, France, January 2010.
[4] G. Zigler, "Numerical Distance Protection: Principles and
Applications", third edition, Publics Corporate Publishing, Germany,
January 2008.
[5] M. Adamiak, and R. Patterson, "Protection Requirements for Flexible
AC Transmission Systems", CIGRE, Paris, France, October 1992.
[6] N. Christl, R. Hedin, R. Johnson, P. Krause, and A. Montoya, "Power
System Studies and Modeling for the Kayenta 230 kV Substation
Advanced Series Compensation", International Conference on AC and
DC Power Transmission (ACDC), London, United Kingdom, pp. 33-37,
September 1991.
[7] IEEE Standard 1534, "IEEE Recommended Practice for Specifying
Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor", IEEE Power and Energy
Society, New York, USA, 20 November 2009.
[8] R.M. Mathur, and R.K. Varma, "Thyristor based FACTS Controllers for
Electrical Transmission Systems", John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Publication
ant IEEE Press, New York, USA, 2002.
[9] M. Khederzadeh, and T.S. Sidhu, "Impact of TCSC on the Protection of
Transmission Lines", IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 21,
No.1, pp. 80-87, January 2006.
[10] T.S. Sidhu, and M. Khederzadeh, "TCSC Impact on Communication
Aided Distance Protection Schemes and Mitigation", IET Conference
on Generation, Transmission and Distribution, Vol. 152, No. 5, pp.
714-728, Sep. 2005.
[11] S. Jamali, A. Kazemi, and H. Shateri, "Measured Impedance by
Distance Relay for Inter Phase Faults with TCSC on a Double Circuit
Line", The 18th Australasian Universities Power Engineering
Conference (AUPEC), Sydney, Australia, 14-17 December 2008.
[12] S. Jamali, A. Kazemi, and H. Shateri, "Measured Impedance by
Distance Relay for Inter Phase Faults in Presence of TCSC on Next
Line", IEEE Region 10 Conference (TENCON), India, 19-21 November
2008.
[13] S. Jamali, A. Kazemi, and H. Shateri, "Effects of Voltage Transformers
Connection Point on Measured Impedance at Relaying Point for Inter
Phase Faults in Presence of TCSC", 2nd IEEE International Conference
on Power and Energy (PECon), Johor Baharu, Malaysia, Dec.1-3,
2008.
[14] A. Kazemi, S. Jamali, and H. Shateri, "Comparing TCSC Placements on
Double Circuit Line Mid-point and Ends from Measured Impedance
Point of View", IEEE International Conference on Industrial
Technology (ICIT-2008), Chengdu 21-24 April 2008.
[15] M. Zellagui, and A. Chaghi, "Impact of TCSC on Measured Impedance
by MHO Distance Relay on 400 kV Algerian Transmission Line in
Presence of Phase to Earth Fault", Journal of Electrical Systems (JES),
Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 273-291, September 2012.
[16] M. Zellagui, and A. Chaghi, "Measured Impedance by MHO Distance
Protection for Phase to Earth Fault in Presence GCSC", ACTA Technica
Corviniensis - Bulletin of Engineering, Tome 5, Fascicule 3, pp. 81-86,
July-September 2012.
[17] M. Zellagui, and A. Chaghi, "Impact of GCSC on Measured Impedance
by Distance Relay in the Presence of Single Phase to Earth Fault", 32th
International Conference on Power Systems Engineering (ICPSE),
Dubai, UAE, 8-9 October 2012.
[18] A. Shojaei, and S.M. Madani, "Analysis of Measured Impedance by
Distance Relay in Presence of SSSC", 5th IET International Conference
on Power Electronics, Machines and Drives (PEMD), Brighton, UK,
19-21 April 2010.
[19] S. Jamali, and H. Shateri, "Locus of Apparent Impedance of Distance
Protection in the Presence of SSSC", European Transactions on
Electrical Power (ETEP), Vol. 21, Issue.1, pp. 398-412, 2011.
[20] M. Zellagui, and A. Chaghi, "Impact of SSSC on Measured Impedance
in Single Phase to Ground Fault Condition on 220 kV Transmission
Line", Leonardo Journal of Sciences (LJS), Vol. 11, Issue 20, pp. 109-
124, January-June 2012.
[21] S. Jamali, A. Kazemi, and H. Shateri, "Measured Impedance by
Distance Relay for Inter Phase Faults in Presence of SSSC", IEEE/PES
Power Systems Conference and Exposition, (PSCE), USA, 15-18
March 2009.
[22] A. Salemnia, M. Khederzadeh, and A. Ghorbani, "Impact of Static
Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) on Performance of Distance
Relay", IEEE Power Tech Conference (PowerTech), Bucharest,
Romania, 28 June - 2 July, 2009.
[23] M.V. Sham, and K. Panduranga Vittal, "Simulation Studies on the
Distance Relay Performance in the Presence of STATCOM", Journal of
Electrical Engineering (JEE), Vol. 11, N┬░ 3, Sept. 2011.
[24] K.K. Sen, and M.L. Sen, "Introduction to FACTS Controllers: Theory,
Modeling and Applications", Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., and
IEEE, New Jersey, USA, July 2009.
[25] M. Zellagui, and A. Chaghi, "Distance Protection Settings Based
Artificial Neural Network in Presence of TCSR on Electrical
Transmission Line", International Journal of Intelligent Systems and
Applications (IJISA), Vol. 4, No. 12, pp. 75-85, November 2012.
[26] Ha Heng Xu, and Zhang BaoHui, "Study on Reactance Relays for Single
Phase to Earth Fault on EHV Transmission Lines", International
Conference on Power System Technology (ICPST), Singapore, 21-24
Nov. 2004.
[27] S. Jamali, and H. Shateri, "Impedance based Fault Location Method for
Single Phase to Earth Faults in Transmission Systems", 10th IET
International Conference on Developments in Power System Protection
(DPSP), United Kingdom, 29 March - 1 April, 2010.
[28] L. Gérin-Lajoie, "A MHO Distance Relay Device in EMTP Works",
Electric Power Systems Research (EPSR), Vol. 79, No.3, pp. 484-49,
March 2009.
[29] Sonelgaz Group/OS, "Topologies of Electrical Networks 400 kV",
Algerian Company of Electrical Transmission Network", 30 December
2011, Algiers, Algeria
@article{"International Journal of Electrical, Electronic and Communication Sciences:50393", author = "Mohamed Zellagui and Abdelaziz Chaghi", title = "Effect of TCSR on Measured Impedance by Distance Protection in Presence Single Phase to Earth Fault", abstract = "This paper presents the impact study of apparent
reactance injected by series Flexible AC Transmission System
(FACTS) i.e. Thyristor Controlled Series Reactor (TCSR) on the
measured impedance of a 400 kV single electrical transmission line
in the presence of phase to earth fault with fault resistance. The study
deals with an electrical transmission line of Eastern Algerian
transmission networks at Group Sonelgaz (Algerian Company of
Electrical and Gas) compensated by TCSR connected at midpoint of
the line. This compensator used to inject active and reactive powers
is controlled by three TCSR-s. The simulations results investigate the
impacts of the TCSR on the parameters of short circuit calculation
and parameters of measured impedance by distance relay in the
presence of earth fault for three cases study.", keywords = "TCSR, Transmission line, Apparent reactance, Earth fault, Symmetrical components, Distance protection, Measured impedance.", volume = "7", number = "6", pages = "594-10", }
