Abstract: In this paper, in addition to introducing good urban planning and its effects on globalization, some new methodologies in urban management and another urban aspects has been presented. Some new concerns in increasing of urban population , metropolitans and its relations on big problems has been focused in this paper. It is very important matter that future urban planning with based on globalization will be with full of basically changes in its management and perspectives.
Abstract: Dual phase steels (DPS)s have a microstructure
consisting of a hard second phase called Martensite in the soft Ferrite
matrix. In recent years, there has been interest in dual-phase steels,
because the application of these materials has made significant usage;
particularly in the automotive sector Composite microstructure of
(DPS)s exhibit interesting characteristic mechanical properties such
as continuous yielding, low yield stress to tensile strength
ratios(YS/UTS), and relatively high formability; which offer
advantages compared with conventional high strength low alloy
steels(HSLAS). The research dealt with the characterization of
damage in (DPS)s. In this study by review the mechanisms of failure
due to volume fraction of martensite second phase; a new method is
introduced to identifying the mechanisms of failure in the various
phases of these types of steels. In this method the acoustic emission
(AE) technique was used to detect damage progression. These failure
mechanisms consist of Ferrite-Martensite interface decohesion and/or
martensite phase fracture. For this aim, dual phase steels with
different volume fraction of martensite second phase has provided by
various heat treatment methods on a low carbon steel (0.1% C), and
then AE monitoring is used during tensile test of these DPSs. From
AE measurements and an energy ratio curve elaborated from the
value of AE energy (it was obtained as the ratio between the strain
energy to the acoustic energy), that allows detecting important
events, corresponding to the sudden drops. These AE signals events
associated with various failure mechanisms are classified for ferrite
and (DPS)s with various amount of Vm and different martensite
morphology. It is found that AE energy increase with increasing Vm.
This increasing of AE energy is because of more contribution of
martensite fracture in the failure of samples with higher Vm. Final
results show a good relationship between the AE signals and the
mechanisms of failure.
Abstract: Road signs are the elements of roads with a lot of
influence in driver-s behavior. So that signals can fulfill its function,
they must overcome visibility and durability requirements,
particularly needed at night, when the coefficient of retroreflection
becomes a decisive factor in ensuring road safety. Accepting that the
visibility of the signage has implications for people-s safety, we
understand the importance to fulfill its function: to foster the highest
standards of service and safety in drivers. The usual conditions of
perception of any sign are determined by: age of the driver, reflective
material, luminosity, vehicle speed and emplacement. In this way,
this paper evaluates the different signals to increase the safety road.
Abstract: The purpose of this work is measurement of the
system presampling MTF of a variable resolution x-ray (VRX) CT
scanner. In this paper, we used the parameters of an actual VRX CT
scanner for simulation and study of effect of different focal spot sizes
on system presampling MTF by Monte Carlo method (GATE
simulation software). Focal spot size of 0.6 mm limited the spatial
resolution of the system to 5.5 cy/mm at incident angles of below 17º
for cell#1. By focal spot size of 0.3 mm the spatial resolution
increased up to 11 cy/mm and the limiting effect of focal spot size
appeared at incident angles of below 9º. The focal spot size of 0.3
mm could improve the spatial resolution to some extent but because
of magnification non-uniformity, there is a 10 cy/mm difference
between spatial resolution of cell#1 and cell#256. The focal spot size
of 0.1 mm acted as an ideal point source for this system. The spatial
resolution increased to more than 35 cy/mm and at all incident angles
the spatial resolution was a function of incident angle. By the way
focal spot size of 0.1 mm minimized the effect of magnification nonuniformity.
Abstract: For the efficient and safe use of the cable-stayed
bridge, a design based on the detailed local analysis of the cable anchor
system is required. Also, a theoretical design process for the anchor
system should be prepared and reviewed. Generally, the size of the
fixing pipe in the anchor system is decided according to the
specifications prepared by cable-manufacturing companies, and
accordingly, there is difficulty determining the initial inner diameters
of the fixing pipes. As such, there is no choice but to use the products
with the existing sizes. In this study, the existing design process of the
fixing pipe, is a type of guide pipe anchor in the cable anchor system,
is reviewed, a formula determining the thickness of the fixing pipe is
proposed, and the convenience and validity of the suggested equation
is compared with the results of the existing designs to verify its
convenience and validity.
Abstract: Position based routing protocols are the kinds of
routing protocols, which they use of nodes location information,
instead of links information to routing. In position based routing
protocols, it supposed that the packet source node has position
information of itself and it's neighbors and packet destination node.
Greedy is a very important position based routing protocol. In one of
it's kinds, named MFR (Most Forward Within Radius), source node
or packet forwarder node, sends packet to one of it's neighbors with
most forward progress towards destination node (closest neighbor to
destination). Using distance deciding metric in Greedy to forward
packet to a neighbor node, is not suitable for all conditions. If closest
neighbor to destination node, has high speed, in comparison with
source node or intermediate packet forwarder node speed or has very
low remained battery power, then packet loss probability is
increased. Proposed strategy uses combination of metrics distancevelocity
similarity-power, to deciding about giving the packet to
which neighbor. Simulation results show that the proposed strategy
has lower lost packets average than Greedy, so it has more reliability.
Abstract: In this paper, a new approach for design of a fully
differential second order current mode continuous-time sigma-delta
modulator is presented. For circuit implementation, square root
domain (SRD) translinear loop based on floating-gate MOS
transistors that operate in saturation region is employed. The
modulator features, low supply voltage, low power consumption
(8mW) and high dynamic range (55dB). Simulation results confirm
that this design is suitable for data converters.
Abstract: Attitude control of aerospace system with liquid containers may face to a problem associate with fuel sloshing. The sloshing phenomena can degrade the stability of control system and in the worst case, interaction between the attitude control system and fuel vibration leading to resonance. In this paper, a full process of nonlinear dynamic modeling of an aerospace launch vehicle with fuel sloshing is given. Then, a new control system based on model reference adaptive filter is proposed and its algorithm is extracted. This controller implemented on the main attitude control system. Finally, numerical simulation of nonlinear model and control system is carried out to examine the performance of the new controller. Results of simulations show that the inconvenient effects of the fuel sloshing by augmenting this control system are reduced and attitude control system performs, satisfactorily.
Abstract: The flow and heat transfer mechanism in convex
corrugated tubes have been investigated through numerical
simulations in this paper. Two kinds of tube types named as symmetric
corrugated tube (SCT) and asymmetric corrugated tube (ACT) are
modeled and studied numerically based on the RST model. The
predictive capability of RST model is examined in the corrugation wall
in order to check the reliability of RST model under the corrugation
wall condition. We propose a comparison between the RST modelling
the corrugation wall with existing direct numerical simulation of Maaß
C and Schumann U [14]. The numerical results pressure coefficient at
different profiles between RST and DNS are well matched. The
influences of large corrugation tough radii to heat transfer and flow
characteristic had been considered. Flow and heat transfer comparison
between SCT and ACT had been discussed. The numerical results
show that ACT exhibits higher overall heat transfer performance than
SCT.
Abstract: This paper presents a watermarking protocol able to
solve the well-known “customer-s right problem" and “unbinding
problem". In particular, the protocol has been purposely designed
to be adopted in a web context, where users wanting to buy digital
contents are usually neither provided with digital certificates issued
by certification authorities (CAs) nor able to autonomously perform
specific security actions. Furthermore, the protocol enables users to
keep their identities unexposed during web transactions as well as
allows guilty buyers, i.e. who are responsible distributors of illegal
replicas, to be unambiguously identified. Finally, the protocol has
been designed so that web content providers (CPs) can exploit
copyright protection services supplied by web service providers (SPs)
in a security context. Thus, CPs can take advantage of complex
services without having to directly implement them.
Abstract: This research is a collaborative narrative research, which is mixed with issues of selected papers and researcher's experience as an anonymous user on social networking sites. The objective of this research is to understand the reasons of the regular users who reject to contact with anonymous users, and to study the communication traditions used in the selected studies. Anonymous users are rejected by regular users, because of the fear of cyber bully, the fear of unpleasant behaviors, and unwillingness of changing communication norm. The suggestion for future research design is to use longitudinal design or quantitative design; and the theory in rhetorical tradition should be able to help develop a strong trust message.
Abstract: Article devoted to the development of technologies
for medicine and agroecology by using plant organelle – spherosome.
Technological method of purification and isolation of this organelle
by using novel nanostructured carbon sorbent – “nanocarbosorb"
ARK type are presented. Also the methods of preparation of
nanocontainers based on using of spherosome with loaded isosorbide
dinitrate, piroxicam or diclofenak are exhibited. We found that the
spherosome could be applied for ecological aims as bioregulator and
also as biosensor for determination of ammonia ions in water
reservoirs at concentration range 1mM to 100mM.
Abstract: A methodology to design a nonlinear observer in a
bond graph approach is proposed. The class of nonlinear observer
with multivariable nonlinearities is considered. A junction structure
of the bond graph observer is proposed. The proposed methodology
to an electrical transformer and a DC motor including the nonlinear
saturation is applied. Nonlinear observers for the transformer and DC
motor based on multivariable circle criterion in the physical domain
are proposed. In order to show the saturation effects on the
transformer and DC motor, simulation results are obtained. Finally,
the paper describes that convergence of the estimates to the true
states is achieved.
Abstract: Dispersions of casein micelles (CM) were studied at a
constant protein concentration of 5 wt % in high NaCl environment
ranging from 0% to 12% by Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and
Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). The rehydration profiles obtained
were interpreted in term of wetting, swelling and dispersion stages by
using a turbidity method. Two behaviours were observed depending
on the salt concentration. The first behaviour (low salt concentration)
presents a typical rehydration profile with a significant change
between 3 and 6% NaCl indicating quick wetting, swelling and long
dispersion stage. On the opposite, the dispersion stage of the second
behaviour (high salt concentration) was significantly shortened
indicating a strong modification of the protein backbone. A salt
increase result to a destabilization of the micelle and the formation of
mini-micelles more or less aggregated indicating an average micelles
size ranging from 100 to 200 nm. For the first time, the estimations
of secondary structural elements (irregular, ß-sheet, α-helix and turn)
by the Amide III assignments were correlated with results from
Amide I.
Abstract: The modeling of inelastic behavior of plastic materials requires measurements providing information on material response to different multiaxial loading conditions. Different triaxiality conditions and values of Lode parameters have to be
covered for complex description of the material plastic behavior.
Samples geometries providing material plastic behavoiur over the range of interest are proposed with the use of FEM analysis. Round samples with 3 different notches and smooth surface are used
together with butterfly type of samples tested at angle ranging for 0 to
90°. Identification of ductile damage parameters is carried out on
the basis of obtained experimental data for austenitic stainless steel.
The obtained material plastic damage parameters are subsequently applied to FEM simulation of notched CT normally samples used for
fracture mechanics testing and results from the simulation are
compared with real tests.
Abstract: In order to alleviate the mental and physical problems
of persons with disabilities, animal-assisted therapy (AAT) is one of
the possible modalities that employs the merit of the human-animal
interaction. Nevertheless, to achieve the purpose of AAT for persons
with severe disabilities (e.g. spinal cord injury, stroke, and
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), real-time animal language
interpretation is desirable. Since canine behaviors can be visually
notable from its tail, this paper proposes the automatic real-time
interpretation of canine tail language for human-canine interaction in
the case of persons with severe disabilities. Canine tail language is
captured via two 3-axis accelerometers. Directions and frequencies
are selected as our features of interests. The novel fuzzy rules based
on Gaussian-Trapezoidal model and center of gravity (COG)-based
defuzzification method are proposed in order to interpret the features
into four canine emotional behaviors, i.e., agitate, happy, scare and
neutral as well as its blended emotional behaviors. The emotional
behavior model is performed in the simulated dog and has also been
evaluated in the real dog with the perfect recognition rate.
Abstract: The energy consumption and delay in read/write
operation of conventional SRAM is investigated analytically as well
as by simulation. Explicit analytical expressions for the energy
consumption and delay in read and write operation as a function of
device parameters and supply voltage are derived. The expressions are
useful in predicting the effect of parameter changes on the energy
consumption and speed as well as in optimizing the design of
conventional SRAM. HSPICE simulation in standard 0.25μm CMOS
technology confirms precision of analytical expressions derived from
this paper.
Abstract: The objective of this research is to examine the shear thinning behaviour of mixing flow of non-Newtonian fluid like toothpaste in the dissolution container with rotating stirrer. The problem under investigation is related to the chemical industry. Mixing of fluid is performed in a cylindrical container with rotating stirrer, where stirrer is eccentrically placed on the lid of the container. For the simulation purpose the associated motion of the fluid is considered as revolving of the container, with stick stirrer. For numerical prediction, a time-stepping finite element algorithm in a cylindrical polar coordinate system is adopted based on semi-implicit Taylor-Galerkin/pressure-correction scheme. Numerical solutions are obtained for non-Newtonian fluids employing power law model. Variations with power law index have been analysed, with respect to the flow structure and pressure drop.
Abstract: There is growing interest in biodiesel (fatty acid
methyl ester or FAME) because of the similarity in its properties
when compared to those of diesel fuels. Diesel engines operated on
biodiesel have lower emissions of carbon monoxide, unburned
hydrocarbons, particulate matter, and air toxics than when operated
on petroleum-based diesel fuel. Production of fatty acid methyl ester
(FAME) from rapeseed (nonedible oil) fatty acid distillate having
high free fatty acids (FFA) was investigated in this work. Conditions
for esterification process of rapeseed oil were 1.8 % H2SO4 as
catalyst, MeOH/oil of molar ratio 2 : 0.1 and reaction temperature
65 °C, for a period of 3h. The yield of methyl ester was > 90 % in 1
h.
The amount of FFA was reduced from 93 wt % to less than 2 wt %
at the end of the esterification process. The FAME was pureed by
neutralization with 1 M sodium hydroxide in water solution at a
reaction temperature of 62 °C. The final FAME product met with the
biodiesel quality standard, and ASTM D 6751.
Abstract: Nowadays, hand vein recognition has attracted more attentions in identification biometrics systems. Generally, hand vein image is acquired with low contrast and irregular illumination. Accordingly, if you have a good preprocessing of hand vein image, we can easy extracted the feature extraction even with simple binarization. In this paper, a proposed approach is processed to improve the quality of hand vein image. First, a brief survey on existing methods of enhancement is investigated. Then a Radon Like features method is applied to preprocessing hand vein image. Finally, experiments results show that the proposed method give the better effective and reliable in improving hand vein images.