Abstract: The paper presents a simple and an accurate formula
that has been developed for the conduction angle (δ) of a single
phase half-wave or full-wave controlled rectifier with RL load. This
formula can be also used for calculating the conduction angle (δ) in
case of A.C. voltage regulator with inductive load under
discontinuous current mode. The simulation results shows that the
conduction angle calculated from the developed formula agree very
well with that obtained from the exact solution arrived from the
iterative method. Applying the developed formula can reduce the
computational time and reduce the time for manual classroom
calculation. In addition, the proposed formula is attractive for real
time implementations.
Abstract: The performance of schedules released to a shop floor may greatly be affected by unexpected disruptions. Thus, this paper considers the flexible job shop scheduling problem when processing times of some operations are represented by a uniform distribution with given lower and upper bounds. The objective is to find a predictive schedule that can deal with this uncertainty. The paper compares two genetic approaches to obtain predictive schedule. To determine the performance of the predictive schedules obtained by both approaches, an experimental study is conducted on a number of benchmark problems.
Abstract: This paper discusses the landscape design that could
increase energy efficiency in a house. By planting trees in a house
compound, the tree shades prevent direct sunlight from heating up
the building, and it enables cooling off the surrounding air. The
requirement for air-conditioning could be minimized and the air
quality could be improved. During the life time of a tree, the saving
cost from the mentioned benefits could be up to US $ 200 for each
tree. The project intends to visually describe the landscape design in
a house compound that could enhance energy efficiency and
consequently lead to energy saving. The house compound model was
developed in three dimensions by using AutoCAD 2005, the
animation was programmed by using LightWave 3D softwares i.e.
Modeler and Layout to display the tree shadings in the wall. The
visualization was executed on a VRML Pad platform and
implemented on a web environment.
Abstract: The objective of this research is to study of microbial lipid production by locally photosynthetic microalgae and oleaginous yeast via integrated cultivation technique using CO2 emissions from yeast fermentation. A maximum specific growth rate of Chlorella sp. KKU-S2 of 0.284 (1/d) was obtained under an integrated cultivation and a maximum lipid yield of 1.339g/L was found after cultivation for 5 days, while 0.969g/L of lipid yield was obtained after day 6 of cultivation time by using CO2 from air. A high value of volumetric lipid production rate (QP, 0.223 g/L/d), specific product yield (YP/X, 0.194), volumetric cell mass production rate (QX, 1.153 g/L/d) were found by using ambient air CO2 coupled with CO2 emissions from yeast fermentation. Overall lipid yield of 8.33 g/L was obtained (1.339 g/L of Chlorella sp. KKU-S2 and 7.06g/L of T. maleeae Y30) while low lipid yield of 0.969g/L was found using non-integrated cultivation technique. To our knowledge this is the unique report about the lipid production from locally microalgae Chlorella sp. KKU-S2 and yeast T. maleeae Y30 in an integrated technique to improve the biomass and lipid yield by using CO2 emissions from yeast fermentation.
Abstract: Using mobile Internet access technologies and eservices,
various economic agents can efficiently offer their products
or services to a large number of clients. With the support of mobile
communications networks, the clients can have access to e-services,
anywhere and anytime. This is a base to establish a convergence of
technological and financial interests of mobile operators, software
developers, mobile terminals producers and e-content providers. In
this paper, a client server system is presented, using 3G, EDGE,
mobile terminals, for Stock Exchange e-services access.
Abstract: Quantum computation using qubits made of two component Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) is analyzed. We construct a general framework for quantum algorithms to be executed using the collective states of the BECs. The use of BECs allows for an increase of energy scales via bosonic enhancement, resulting in two qubit gate operations that can be performed at a time reduced by a factor of N, where N is the number of bosons per qubit. We illustrate the scheme by an application to Deutsch-s and Grover-s algorithms, and discuss possible experimental implementations. Decoherence effects are analyzed under both general conditions and for the experimental implementation proposed.
Abstract: In order to evaluation the effects of soil organic
matter and biofertilizer on chickpea quality and biological
nitrogen fixation, field experiments were carried out in 2007
and 2008 growing seasons. In this research the effects of
different strategies for soil fertilization were investigated on
grain yield and yield component, minerals, organic compounds
and cooking time of chickpea. Experimental units were
arranged in split-split plots based on randomized complete
blocks with three replications. Main plots consisted of (G1):
establishing a mixed vegetation of Vicia panunica and
Hordeum vulgare and (G2): control, as green manure levels.
Also, five strategies for obtaining the base fertilizer
requirement including (N1): 20 t.ha-1 farmyard manure; (N2):
10 t.ha-1 compost; (N3): 75 kg.ha-1 triple super phosphate;
(N4): 10 t.ha-1 farmyard manure + 5 t.ha-1 compost and (N5):
10 t.ha-1 farmyard manure + 5 t.ha-1 compost + 50 kg.ha-1
triple super phosphate were considered in sub plots.
Furthermoree four levels of biofertilizers consisted of (B1):
Bacillus lentus + Pseudomonas putida; (B2): Trichoderma
harzianum; (B3): Bacillus lentus + Pseudomonas putida +
Trichoderma harzianum; and (B4): control (without
biofertilizers) were arranged in sub-sub plots. Results showed
that integrating biofertilizers (B3) and green manure (G1)
produced the highest grain yield. The highest amounts of yield
were obtained in G1×N5 interaction. Comparison of all 2-way
and 3-way interactions showed that G1N5B3 was determined
as the superior treatment. Significant increasing of N, P2O5,
K2O, Fe and Mg content in leaves and grains emphasized on
superiority of mentioned treatment because each one of these
nutrients has an approved role in chlorophyll synthesis and
photosynthesis abilities of the crops. The combined application
of compost, farmyard manure and chemical phosphorus (N5)
in addition to having the highest yield, had the best grain
quality due to high protein, starch and total sugar contents, low
crude fiber and reduced cooking time.
Abstract: In this paper, we consider the problem of logic simplification for a special class of logic functions, namely complementary Boolean functions (CBF), targeting low power implementation using static CMOS logic style. The functions are uniquely characterized by the presence of terms, where for a canonical binary 2-tuple, D(mj) ∪ D(mk) = { } and therefore, we have | D(mj) ∪ D(mk) | = 0 [19]. Similarly, D(Mj) ∪ D(Mk) = { } and hence | D(Mj) ∪ D(Mk) | = 0. Here, 'mk' and 'Mk' represent a minterm and maxterm respectively. We compare the circuits minimized with our proposed method with those corresponding to factored Reed-Muller (f-RM) form, factored Pseudo Kronecker Reed-Muller (f-PKRM) form, and factored Generalized Reed-Muller (f-GRM) form. We have opted for algebraic factorization of the Reed-Muller (RM) form and its different variants, using the factorization rules of [1], as it is simple and requires much less CPU execution time compared to Boolean factorization operations. This technique has enabled us to greatly reduce the literal count as well as the gate count needed for such RM realizations, which are generally prone to consuming more cells and subsequently more power consumption. However, this leads to a drawback in terms of the design-for-test attribute associated with the various RM forms. Though we still preserve the definition of those forms viz. realizing such functionality with only select types of logic gates (AND gate and XOR gate), the structural integrity of the logic levels is not preserved. This would consequently alter the testability properties of such circuits i.e. it may increase/decrease/maintain the same number of test input vectors needed for their exhaustive testability, subsequently affecting their generalized test vector computation. We do not consider the issue of design-for-testability here, but, instead focus on the power consumption of the final logic implementation, after realization with a conventional CMOS process technology (0.35 micron TSMC process). The quality of the resulting circuits evaluated on the basis of an established cost metric viz., power consumption, demonstrate average savings by 26.79% for the samples considered in this work, besides reduction in number of gates and input literals by 39.66% and 12.98% respectively, in comparison with other factored RM forms.
Abstract: Evaluation and survey of curriculum quality as one of the most important components of universities system is necessary for different levels in higher education. The main purpose of this study was to survey of the curriculum quality of Actuarial science field. Case: University of SHahid Beheshti and Higher education institute of Eco insurance (according to viewpoint of students, alumni, employers and faculty members). Descriptive statistics (mean, tables, percentage, and frequency distribution) and inferential statistics (CHI SQUARE) were used to analyze the data. Six criteria considered for the Quality of curriculum: objectives, content, teaching and learning methods, space and facilities, Time, assessment of learning. Content, teaching and learning methods, space and facilities, assessment of learning criteria were relatively desirable level, objectives and time criterions were desirable level. The quality of curriculum of Actuarial Science field was relatively desirable level.
Abstract: Differentiated impact of team sports (basketball, indoor soccer, handball) on general haemodynamics and aerobic potential of students who specialize in technical subjects is detected only on the fourth year of studies in the institute of higher education. Those who play basketball and indoor soccer have shown increase of stroke and minute volume of blood indices, pumping and contractile function of the heart, oxygenation of blood and oxygen delivery to tissues, aerobic energy supply and balance of sympathetic and parasympathetic activity of the nervous regulation mechanism of the circulatory system. Those who play handball have shown these indices statistically decreased. On the whole playing basketball and indoor soccer optimizes the strategy for adaptation of students to the studying process, but playing handball does the opposite thing. The leading factor for adaptation of students is: those who play basketball have increase of minute blood volume which stipulates velocity of the system blood circulation and well-timed oxygen delivery to tissues; those who play indoor soccer have increase of power and velocity of contractile function of the heart; those who play handball have increase of resistance of thorax to the system blood flow which minimizes contractile function of the heart, blood oxygen saturation and delivery of oxygen to tissues.
Abstract: DNA shuffling is a powerful method used for in vitro
evolute molecules with specific functions and has application in areas
such as, for example, pharmaceutical, medical and agricultural
research. The success of such experiments is dependent on a variety
of parameters and conditions that, sometimes, can not be properly
pre-established. Here, two computational models predicting DNA
shuffling results is presented and their use and results are evaluated
against an empirical experiment. The in silico and in vitro results
show agreement indicating the importance of these two models and
motivating the study and development of new models.
Abstract: Structural behavior of ring stiffened thick walled
cylinders made of functionally graded materials (FGMs) is
investigated in this paper. Functionally graded materials are inhomogeneous composites which are usually made from a mixture
of metal and ceramic. The gradient compositional variation of the
constituents from one surface to the other provides an elegant solution to the problem of high transverse shear stresses that are
induced when two dissimilar materials with large differences in material properties are bonded. FGM formation of the cylinder is
modeled by power-law exponent and the variation of characteristics is supposed to be in radial direction.
A finite element formulation is derived for the analysis. According to the property variation of the constituent materials in the radial
direction of the wall, it is not convenient to use conventional elements to model and analyze the structure of the stiffened FGM
cylinders. In this paper a new cylindrical super-element is used to model the finite element formulation and analyze the static and
modal behavior of stiffened FGM thick walled cylinders. By using
this super-element the number of elements, which are needed for
modeling, will reduce significantly and the process time is less in comparison with conventional finite element formulations. Results for static and modal analysis are evaluated and verified by
comparison to finite element formulation with conventional
elements. Comparison indicates a good conformity between results.
Abstract: This study aimed to detect and to identify the main
strains of airborne microorganisms present in the Shanghai Metro
system. Samples were collected using agar plates exposed to the air
and microorganisms were identified using catalase, plasma coagulase
and hymolytic analysis. The results show that the concentration of
mildew present within a newly opened metro line was significantly
higher than for other lines. Differences among underground and
elevated stations can be attributed to differences in passenger flow and
the environment surrounding the stations. Additionally, the
investigation indicated that bacteria reached maximum levels at
different times on weekdays and weekends. The bacteria in the Metro
stations were identified as primarily Gram positive, consisting mainly
of coagulase-negative staphylococcus strains (CNS).
Abstract: This study is concerned with a new adaptive impedance control strategy to compensate for unknown time-varying environment stiffness and position. The uncertainties are expressed by Function Approximation Technique (FAT), which allows the update laws to be derived easily using Lyapunov stability theory. Computer simulation results are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.
Abstract: The use of renewable energy sources becomes more
necessary and interesting. As wider applications of renewable energy
devices at domestic, commercial and industrial levels has not only
resulted in greater awareness, but also significantly installed
capacities. In addition, biomass principally is in the form of woods,
which is a form of energy by humans for a long time. Gasification is
a process of conversion of solid carbonaceous fuel into combustible
gas by partial combustion. Many gasifier models have various
operating conditions; the parameters kept in each model are different.
This study applied experimental data, which has three inputs, which
are; biomass consumption, temperature at combustion zone and ash
discharge rate. One output is gas flow rate. For this paper, neural
network was used to identify the gasifier system suitable for the
experimental data. In the result,neural networkis usable to attain the
answer.
Abstract: This paper presents the experimental results on
artificial ageing test of 22 kV XLPE cable for distribution system
application in Thailand. XLPE insulating material of 22 kV cable
was sliced to 60-70 μm in thick and was subjected to ac high voltage
at 23
Ôùª
C, 60
Ôùª
C and 75
Ôùª
C. Testing voltage was constantly applied to
the specimen until breakdown. Breakdown voltage and time to
breakdown were used to evaluate life time of insulating material.
Furthermore, the physical model by J. P. Crine for predicts life time
of XLPE insulating material was adopted as life time model and was
calculated in order to compare the experimental results. Acceptable
life time results were obtained from Crine-s model comparing with
the experimental result. In addition, fourier transform infrared
spectroscopy (FTIR) for chemical analysis and scanning electron
microscope (SEM) for physical analysis were conducted on tested
specimens.
Abstract: The main goal of this paper is to study Statistical Process Control (SPC) with Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) control chart when observations are serially-correlated. The characteristic of control chart is Average Run Length (ARL) which is the average number of samples taken before an action signal is given. Ideally, an acceptable ARL of in-control process should be enough large, so-called (ARL0). Otherwise it should be small when the process is out-of-control, so-called Average of Delay Time (ARL1) or a mean of true alarm. We find explicit formulas of ARL for EWMA control chart for Seasonal Autoregressive and Moving Average processes (SARMA) with Exponential white noise. The results of ARL obtained from explicit formula and Integral equation are in good agreement. In particular, this formulas for evaluating (ARL0) and (ARL1) be able to get a set of optimal parameters which depend on smoothing parameter (λ) and width of control limit (H) for designing EWMA chart with minimum of (ARL1).
Abstract: Xanthan gum is a microbial polysaccharide of great
commercial significance. The purpose of this study was to select the
optimum fermentation time for xanthan gum production by
Xanthomonas campestris (NRRL-B-1459) using 10% sugar beet
molasses as a carbon source. The pre-heating of sugar beet molasses
and the supplementation of the medium were investigated in order to
improve xanthan gum production. Maximum xanthan gum
production in fermentation media (9.02 g/l) was observed after 4 days
shaking incubation at 25°C and 240 rpm agitation speed. A solution
of 10% sucrose was used as a control medium. Results indicated that
the optimum period for xanthan gum production in this condition was
4 days.
Abstract: Aptamers are useful tools in microorganism
researches, diagnoses, and treatment. Aptamers are specific target
molecules formed by oligonucleic acid molecules, and are not
decomposed by alcohol. Aptamers used to detect Mycobacterium
tuberculosis (MTB) have been proved to have specific affinity to the
outer membrane proteins of MTB. This article presents a biosensor
chip set with aptamers for early detection of MTB with high specificity
and sensitivity, even in very low concentration. Meanwhile, we have
already made a modified hydrophobic facial mask module with
internal rendering hydrophobic for effectively collecting M.
tuberculosis.
Abstract: In this research paper we have presented control
architecture for robotic arm movement and trajectory planning using
Fuzzy Logic (FL) and Genetic Algorithms (GAs). This architecture is
used to compensate the uncertainties like; movement, friction and
settling time in robotic arm movement. The genetic algorithms and
fuzzy logic is used to meet the objective of optimal control
movement of robotic arm. This proposed technique represents a
general model for redundant structures and may extend to other
structures. Results show optimal angular movement of joints as result
of evolutionary process. This technique has edge over the other
techniques as minimum mathematics complexity used.