Abstract: In IA-MDT, the magnetic implants are placed
strategically at the target site to greatly and locally increase the
magnetic force on MDCPs and help to attract and retain the MDCPs
at the targeted region. In the present work, we develop a
mathematical model to study the capturing of magnetic nanoparticles
flowing within a fluid in an implant assisted cylindrical channel
under magnetic field. A coil of ferromagnetic SS-430 has been
implanted inside the cylindrical channel to enhance the capturing of
magnetic nanoparticles under magnetic field. The dominant magnetic
and drag forces, which significantly affect the capturing of
nanoparticles, are incorporated in the model. It is observed through
model results that capture efficiency increases as we increase the
magnetic field from 0.1 to 0.5 T, respectively. The increase in capture
efficiency by increase in magnetic field is because as the magnetic
field increases, the magnetization force, which is attractive in nature
and responsible to attract or capture the magnetic particles, increases
and results the capturing of large number of magnetic particles due to
high strength of attractive magnetic force.
Abstract: The first layer of defense against data loss is the backup
data. This paper implements an agent-based network backup system
used the backup, server-storage and server-backup agent these
tripartite construction, and the snapshot and hierarchical index are
used in the NSBS. It realizes the control command and data flow
separation, balances the system load, thereby improving efficiency of
the system backup and recovery. The test results show the agent-based
network backup system can effectively improve the task-based
concurrency, reasonably allocate network bandwidth, the system
backup performance loss costs smaller and improves data recovery
efficiency by 20%.
Abstract: A mixed method for model order reduction is
presented in this paper. The denominator polynomial is derived by
matching both Markov parameters and time moments, whereas
numerator polynomial derivation and error minimization is done
using Genetic Algorithm. The efficiency of the proposed method can
be investigated in terms of closeness of the response of reduced order
model with respect to that of higher order original model and a
comparison of the integral square error as well.
Abstract: An integrated modeling approach was used in this study for energy planning and climate change mitigation assessment. The main objective of this study was to develop various green-house gas (GHG) mitigations scenarios in the energy demand and supply sectors for the state of Florida. The Long range energy alternative planning (LEAP) model was used in this study to examine the energy alternative and GHG emissions reduction scenarios for short and long term (2010-2050). One of the energy analysis and GHG mitigation scenarios was developed by taking into account the available renewable energy resources potential for power generation in the state of Florida. This will help to compare and analyze the GHG reduction measure against “Business As Usual” and ‘State of Florida Policy” scenarios. Two master scenarios: “Electrification” and “Energy efficiency and Lifestyle” were developed through combination of various mitigation scenarios: technological changes and energy efficiency and conservation. The results show a net reduction of the energy demand and GHG emissions by adopting these two energy scenarios compared to the business as usual.
Abstract: The study investigated efficiency cassava peel carbon
and Zinc Chloride activated cassava peel carbon at 1:3, 2:3 and 1:1
activation levels in the removal of nitrates from oxidized cassava
processing wastewater. Results showed that the CPC and CPAC were
effective in adsorption of nitrates. A summary of results from the
study revealed that CPAC at 1:3 exhibited the highest initial
decontamination (69.5% after 2 hrs) while CPAC at 1:1 activation
ratio showed a slower initial decontamination rate. The CPC &
CPAC exhibited Langmuir Rα values of 0.15, 0.11, 0.09, and 0.07 for
the 0:1, 1:3, 2:3 and 1:1 confirming its suitability as adsorption
material.
Abstract: Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems are
wireless systems with multiple antenna elements at both ends of the
link. Wireless communication systems demand high data rate and
spectral efficiency with increased reliability. MIMO systems have
been popular techniques to achieve these goals because increased
data rate is possible through spatial multiplexing scheme and
diversity. Spatial Multiplexing (SM) is used to achieve higher
possible throughput than diversity. In this paper, we propose a Zero-
Forcing (ZF) detection using a combination of Ordered Successive
Interference Cancellation (OSIC) and Zero Forcing using
Interference Cancellation (ZF-IC). The proposed method used an
OSIC based on Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) ordering to get the
estimation of last symbol, then the estimated last symbol is
considered to be an input to the ZF-IC. We analyze the Bit Error Rate
(BER) performance of the proposed MIMO system over Rayleigh
Fading Channel, using Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK)
modulation scheme. The results show better performance than the
previous methods.
Abstract: The photovoltaic (PV) panel with no galvanic
isolation system is well known technique in the world which is
effective and delivers power with enhanced efficiency. The PV
generation presented here is for stand-alone system installed in
remote areas when as the resulting power gets connected to electronic
load installation instead of being tied to the grid. Though very small,
even then transformer-less topology is shown to be with leakage in
pico-ampere range. By using PWM technique PWM, leakage current
in different situations is shown. The results shown in this paper show
how the pico-ampere current is reduced to femto-ampere through use
of inductors and capacitors of suitable values of inductor and
capacitors with the load.
Abstract: In the present study we have investigated axial
buckling characteristics of nanocomposite beams reinforced by
single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). Various types of beam
theories including Euler-Bernoulli beam theory, Timoshenko beam
theory and Reddy beam theory were used to analyze the buckling
behavior of carbon nanotube-reinforced composite beams.
Generalized differential quadrature (GDQ) method was utilized to
discretize the governing differential equations along with four
commonly used boundary conditions. The material properties of the
nanocomposite beams were obtained using molecular dynamic (MD)
simulation corresponding to both short-(10,10) SWCNT and long-
(10,10) SWCNT composites which were embedded by amorphous
polyethylene matrix. Then the results obtained directly from MD
simulations were matched with those calculated by the mixture rule
to extract appropriate values of carbon nanotube efficiency
parameters accounting for the scale-dependent material properties.
The selected numerical results were presented to indicate the
influences of nanotube volume fractions and end supports on the
critical axial buckling loads of nanocomposite beams relevant to
long- and short-nanotube composites.
Abstract: This research was conducted in an automotive company in Indonesia to overcome the problem of high logistics cost. The problem causes high of additional truck delivery. From the breakdown of the problem, chosen one route, which has the highest gap value, namely for RE-04. Research methodology will be started from calculating the ideal condition, making simulation, calculating the ideal logistic cost, and proposing an improvement. From the calculation of the ideal condition, box arrangement was done on the truck has efficiency with three trucks delivery per day. Route simulation making uses Tecnomatix Plant Simulation software as a visualization for the company about how the system is occurred on route RE-04 in ideal condition. The last step is proposing improvements on the area of route RE-04. The route arrangement is done by Saving Method and sequence of each supplier with the Nearest Neighbor. The results of the proposed improvements are three new route groups, where was expected to decrease logistics cost and increase the average of the truck efficiency per day.
Abstract: This paper presents comparative analysis of
photovoltaic systems (PVS) and propose practical techniques to
improve operational efficiency of the PVS. The best engineering and
construction practices for PVS are identified and field oriented
recommendation are made. Comparative analysis of central and
string inverter based, as well as 600 and 1000VDC PVS are
performed. In addition, direct current (DC) and alternating current
(AC) photovoltaic (PV) module based systems are compared.
Comparison shows that 1000V DC String Inverters based PVS is the
best choice.
Abstract: Structural failure is caused mainly by damage that
often occurs on structures. Many researchers focus on to obtain very
efficient tools to detect the damage in structures in the early state. In
the past decades, a subject that has received considerable attention in
literature is the damage detection as determined by variations in the
dynamic characteristics or response of structures. The study presents
a new damage identification technique. The technique detects the
damage location for the incomplete structure system using output
data only. The method indicates the damage based on the free
vibration test data by using ‘Two Points Condensation (TPC)
technique’. This method creates a set of matrices by reducing the
structural system to two degrees of freedom systems. The current
stiffness matrices obtain from optimization the equation of motion
using the measured test data. The current stiffness matrices compare
with original (undamaged) stiffness matrices. The large percentage
changes in matrices’ coefficients lead to the location of the damage. TPC technique is applied to the experimental data of a simply
supported steel beam model structure after inducing thickness change
in one element, where two cases consider. The method detects the
damage and determines its location accurately in both cases. In
addition, the results illustrate these changes in stiffness matrix can be
a useful tool for continuous monitoring of structural safety using
ambient vibration data. Furthermore, its efficiency proves that this
technique can be used also for big structures.
Abstract: Three purified diets were formulated using fish meal,
soya bean, wheat flour, palm oil, minerals and maltose. The
carbohydrate in the diets was increased from 5 to 15% by changing
the cellulose content to study the effect of dietary carbohydrate level
on the growth parameters of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. The
protein and the lipid contents were kept constant in all the diets. The
results showed that, weight gain, protein efficiency ratio, net protein
utilisation and hepatosomatic index of fish fed the diet containing
15% cellulose were the lowest among all groups. Addition, the fish
fed the diet containing 5% cellulose had the best specific growth rate,
and food conversion ratio. While, there was no effect of the dietary
cellulose levels on condition factor and survival rate. These results
indicate that Nile tilapia fingerlings are able to utilize dietary
cellulose does not exceed 10% in their feed for optimum growth.
Abstract: We investigated ecotoxicity and performed experiment
for removing ZnO nanoparticles in water. Short term exposure of
hatching test using fertilized eggs (O. latipes) showed deformity in
5ppm of ZnO nanoparticles solution. And in 10ppm ZnO nanoparticles
solution delayed hatching was observed. Hereine, chemical
precipitation method was suggested for removing ZnO nanoparticles
in water. The precipitated ZnO nanoparticles showed the form of ZnS
after addition of Na2S, and the form of Zn3(PO4)2 for Na2HPO4. The
removal efficiency of ZnO nanoparticles in water was closed to 100%
for two cases. In ecotoxicity evaluation of as-precipitated ZnS and
Zn3(PO4)2, they did not cause any acute toxicity for D. magna. It is
noted that this precipitation treatment of ZnO is effective to reduce the
potential cytotoxicity.
Abstract: The ventilated façade has great advantages when
compared to traditional façades as it reduces the air conditioning
thermal loads due to the stack effect induced by solar radiation in the
air chamber. Optimizing energy consumption by using a ventilated
façade can be used not only in newly built buildings but also it can be
implemented in existing buildings, opening the field of
implementation to energy building retrofitting works. In this sense, the following three prototypes of façade where
designed, built and further analyzed in this research: non-ventilated
façade (NVF); slightly ventilated façade (SLVF) and strongly
ventilated façade (STVF). The construction characteristics of the
three facades are based on the Spanish regulation of building
construction “Technical Building Code”. The façades have been
monitored by type-k thermocouples in a representative day of the
summer season in Madrid (Spain). Moreover, an analysis of variance
(ANOVA) with repeated measures, studying the thermal lag in the
ventilated and no-ventilated façades has been designed. Results show that STVF façade presents higher levels of thermal
inertia as the thermal lag reduces up to 17% (daily mean) compared
to the non-ventilated façade. In addition, the statistical analysis
proves that an increase of the ventilation holes size in STVF façades
can improve the thermal lag significantly (p >0.05) when compared
to the SLVF façade.
Abstract: Temperature effect on the performance of a photovoltaic module is one of the main concerns that face this renewable energy, especially in hot arid region, e.g. United Arab Emirates. Overheating of the PV modules reduces the open circuit voltage and the efficiency of the modules dramatically. In this work, water-cooling is developed to enhance the performance of PV modules. Different scenarios are tested under UAE weather conditions: front, back and double cooling. A spraying system is used for the front cooling whether a direct contact water system is used for the back cooling. The experimental results are compared to non-cooling module and the performance of the PV module is determined for different situations. The experimental results show that the front cooling is more effective than the back cooling and may decrease the temperature of the PV module significantly.
Abstract: This paper considers the design of Dual Proportional-
Integral (DPI) Load Frequency Control (LFC), using gravitational
search algorithm (GSA). The design is carried out for nonlinear
hydrothermal power system where generation rate constraint (GRC)
and governor dead band are considered. Furthermore, time delays
imposed by governor-turbine, thermodynamic process, and
communication channels are investigated. GSA is utilized to search
for optimal controller parameters by minimizing a time-domain based
objective function. GSA-based DPI has been compared to Ziegler-
Nichols based PI, and Genetic Algorithm (GA) based PI controllers
in order to demonstrate the superior efficiency of the proposed
design. Simulation results are carried for a wide range of operating
conditions and system parameters variations.
Abstract: In VLSI, testing plays an important role. Major
problem in testing are test data volume and test power. The important
solution to reduce test data volume and test time is test data
compression. The Proposed technique combines the bit maskdictionary
and 2n pattern run length-coding method and provides a
substantial improvement in the compression efficiency without
introducing any additional decompression penalty. This method has
been implemented using Mat lab and HDL Language to reduce test
data volume and memory requirements. This method is applied on
various benchmark test sets and compared the results with other
existing methods. The proposed technique can achieve a compression
ratio up to 86%.
Abstract: Ultraviolet photocatalytic oxidation (UV-PCO)
technology has been recommended as a green approach to health
indoor environment when it is integrated into mechanical ventilation
systems for inorganic and organic compounds removal as well as
energy saving due to less outdoor air intakes. Although much research
has been devoted to UV-PCO, limited information is available on the
UV-PCO behavior tested by the mixtures in literature. This project
investigated UV-PCO performance and by-product generation using a
single and a mixture of acetone and MEK at 100 ppb each in a
single-pass duct system in an effort to obtain knowledge associated
with competitive photochemical reactions involved in. The
experiments were performed at 20 % RH, 22 °C, and a gas flow rate of
128 m3/h (75 cfm). Results show that acetone and MEK mutually
reduced each other’s PCO removal efficiency, particularly negative
removal efficiency for acetone. These findings were different from
previous observation of facilitatory effects on the adsorption of
acetone and MEK on photocatalyst surfaces.
Abstract: Nitrification is essential to biological processes
designed to remove ammonia and/or total nitrogen. It removes excess
nitrogenous compound in wastewater which could be very toxic to
the aquatic fauna or cause serious imbalance of such aquatic
ecosystem. Efficient nitrification is linked to an in-depth knowledge
of the structure and dynamics of the nitrifying community structure
within the wastewater treatment systems. In this study, molecular
technique was employed for characterizing the microbial structure of
activated sludge [ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite
oxidizing bacteria (NOB)] in a municipal wastewater treatment with
intention of linking it to the plant efficiency. PCR based phylogenetic
analysis was also carried out. The average operating and
environmental parameters as well as specific nitrification rate of plant
was investigated during the study. During the investigation the average temperature was 23±1.5oC.
Other operational parameters such as mixed liquor suspended solids
and chemical oxygen demand inversely correlated with ammonia
removal. The dissolved oxygen level in the plant was constantly
lower than the optimum (between 0.24 and 1.267 mg/l) during this
study. The plant was treating wastewater with influent ammonia
concentration of 31.69 and 24.47 mg/L. The influent flow rates
(ML/Day) was 96.81 during period. The dominant nitrifiers include:
Nitrosomonas spp. Nitrobacter spp. and Nitrospira spp. The AOB
had correlation with nitrification efficiency and temperature. This
study shows that the specific ammonia oxidizing rate and the specific
nitrate formation rates can serve as good indicator of the plant overall
nitrification performance.
Abstract: Regions with extreme climate conditions such as
Astana city require energy saving measures to increase energy
performance of buildings which are responsible for more than 40% of
total energy consumption. Identification of optimal building
geometry is one of key factors to be considered. Architectural form of
a building has impact on space heating and cooling energy use,
however the interrelationship between the geometry and resultant
energy use is not always readily apparent. This paper presents a
comparative case study of two prototypical buildings with compact
building shape to assess its impact on energy performance.