Mitigation of Nitrate Pollution in Wastewater: A Case Study of the Treatment of Cassava Processing Effluent Using Cassava Peel Carbon Material
The study investigated efficiency cassava peel carbon
and Zinc Chloride activated cassava peel carbon at 1:3, 2:3 and 1:1
activation levels in the removal of nitrates from oxidized cassava
processing wastewater. Results showed that the CPC and CPAC were
effective in adsorption of nitrates. A summary of results from the
study revealed that CPAC at 1:3 exhibited the highest initial
decontamination (69.5% after 2 hrs) while CPAC at 1:1 activation
ratio showed a slower initial decontamination rate. The CPC &
CPAC exhibited Langmuir Rα values of 0.15, 0.11, 0.09, and 0.07 for
the 0:1, 1:3, 2:3 and 1:1 confirming its suitability as adsorption
material.
[1] Y.J. Chan, M.F. Chong, C.L. Law and D.G. Hassell. “A review on anaerobic–aerobic treatment of industrial and municipal wastewater,” Chemical Engineering Journal vol. 155, pp. 1–18, 2009.
[2] H. Demiral, and G. Gunduzoglu, “Removal of nitrate from aqueous solutions by activated carbon prepared from sugar beet bagasse,” Bioresource Technology, vol. 101 pp.1675–1680, 2011.
[3] Y. Wang, B.Y. Gao, W.W. Yue and Q.Y. Yue “Adsorption kinetics of nitrate from aqueous solutions onto modified wheat residue,” Colloids Surf. vol. 308 pp.1–5, 2007.
[4] A. Ako Ako, G.E.T. Eyong,, J. Shimada, K. Koike, T. Hosono, K. Ichiyanagi, A. Richard, B.K. Tandia, G.E. Nkeng, N.N and Roger, “Nitrate contamination of groundwater in two areas of the Cameroon Volcanic Line (Banana Plain and Mount Cameroon area,” Appl Water Sci vol. 4 pp. 99–1, 2014.
[5] A. Dordio and A.J.P. Carvalho, “Constructed wetlands with light expanded clay aggregates for agricultural wastewater treatment,” Science of the Total Environment vol. 463-464, pp. 454–461, 2013.
[6] S. Chatterjee and S.H. Woo, “The removal of nitrate from aqueous solutions by chitosan hydrogen beads,” J. Hazard. Mater. vol. 164, no.2–3, pp. 1012–1018, 2009.
[7] U. Rattanachomsri, S. Tanapongpipat, L. Eurwilaichitr and V. Champreda, “Simultaneous non-thermal saccharification of cassava pulp by multi-enzyme activity and ethanol fermentation by Candida tropicalis”. J. Biosci. Bioen,. vol.107, pp. 488-493, 2009.
[8] N.A. Edma, A. Sulaiman, and S.N. Abd. Rahim, “Enzymatic Saccharification of Tapioca Processing Wastes into Biosugars through Immobilization Technology.” Biofuel Research Journal, vol. 1 pp 2-6, 2014.
[9] O.A. Omotosho and A.Y. Sangodoyin, “Production and utilization of cassava peel activated carbon in treatment of effluent from cassava processing industry,” Water Practice & Technology vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 215-224, 2013.
[10] Y. Mijinyawa, and N.S. Lawal, “Treatment efficiency and economic benefit of Zartech poultry slaughter house wastewater treatment plant, Ibadan, Nigeria,” Scientific Research and Essay, vol.3, no. 6, pp. 219–223, 2008.
[11] T.A. Ewemoje, O.A. Omotosho, and O.P. Abimbola, “Cradle-To-Gate Life-Cycle-Assessment of poultry production system in a developing country: case study of deep litter poultry management system in Lagos, Nigeria,” Journal of Agricultural Engineering and Technology vol. 21 no. 1, pp. 98-106, 2013.
[12] P.L.Y. Foo and L. Y. Lee, “Preparation of activated carbon from parkia speciosa pod by chemical activation,” Proceeding World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science (WCEC 2010), pp. 98–104, 2010.
[13] D.C.S. Azevedo, C.S.J. Araujo, M. Bastos-Neto, E. Torres, E.F. Jaguaribe, and C.L. Cavalcante, “Microporous activated carbon prepared from coconut shells using chemical activation with zinc chloride,” Micropor. Mesopor. Mater. vol. 100, pp. 361– 364, 2007.
[14] C.F. Chang, C.Y. Chang and W.T Tsai, “Effects of burn-off and activation temperature on preparation of activated carbon from corn cob agrowaste by CO2 and steam,” J. Colloid Interf. Sci. vol. 232, pp. 45–49, 2000.
[15] H. Demiral, I. Demiral, F. Tumsek, and B. Karabacakog˘lu, “Pore structure of activated carbon prepared from hazelnut bagasse by chemical activation,” Surf. Inter. Anal. vol. 40, no. 3–4, pp. 616–619, 2008.
[16] W.M.A.W. Daud and W.S.W. Ali, “Comparison of pore development of activated carbon produced from palm shell and coconut shell,” Bioresour. Technol. vol. 93, pp. 63– 69, 2004.
[17] M.M. Karim, A.K. Dasa and S.H. Lee, “Treatment of colored effluent of the textile industry in Bangladesh using zinc chloride treated indigenous activated carbons,” Anal. Chim. Acta. vol. 576, pp. 37–42, 2006.
[18] O. Marin, C. Fernandez-Gonzalez, A. Macias-Garcia and V. Gomez-Serrano, “Preparation of activated carbons from cherry stones by activation with potassium hydroxide,” Appl. Surf. Sci. vol. 252, pp. 5980–5983, 2006.
[19] O.A. Omotosho and A.Y. Sangodoyin, “Production and utilization of cassava peel activated carbon in treatment of effluent from cassava processing industry,” Water Practice & Technology vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 215-224, 2013.
[20] A.M. Youssef, N.R.E. Radwanb, I. Abdel-Gawadb and G.A.A. Singerc, “Textural properties of activated carbons from apricot stones. Colloids Surf. A: Physicochem,” Eng. Aspects, vol. 252, pp.143–151, 2005.
[21] J.T. Nwabanne and P.K. Igbokwe, “Kinetics and equilibrium of Nickel adsorbtion by cassava pee,” Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences vol. 3, no. 11, pp. 829-834, 2008.
[22] M. Ahmedna, W.E. Marshall and R.M. Rao “Production of granular activated carbons from select agricultural by-products and evaluation of their physical, chemical and adsorption properties,” Bioresource Technology, no. 71, no. 2, pp. 113-123, 2001.
[23] A.W.M. Verla, E.N. Horsfall (Jnr), A.I. Verla, O.A. Spiff1 and Ekpete O. “Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from fluted pumpkin (telfairia occidentalis hook.f) seed shell,” Asian Journal of Natural & Applied Sciences, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 39-50, 2012.
[24] H.B. Hameed, A.T.M. Din and A.L. Ahmad, “Adsorption of methylene blue onto bamboo-based activated carbon: Kinetics and equilibrium studies,” J. Hazardous Matter pp. 1-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat2006.07.049, 2006.
[25] Z. Aksu and S. Tezer, “Equilibrium and kinetic modelling of bisorption of Remazol Black B by Rhyzopus arrhizus in in a batch system: Effect of temperature,” Process Biochem, vol. 36, pp. 431-439, 2000.
[26] H. Demiral, and G. Gunduzoglu, “Removal of nitrate from aqueous solutions by activated carbon prepared from sugar beet bagasse,” Bioresource Technology, vol. 101 pp.1675–1680, 2011.
[1] Y.J. Chan, M.F. Chong, C.L. Law and D.G. Hassell. “A review on anaerobic–aerobic treatment of industrial and municipal wastewater,” Chemical Engineering Journal vol. 155, pp. 1–18, 2009.
[2] H. Demiral, and G. Gunduzoglu, “Removal of nitrate from aqueous solutions by activated carbon prepared from sugar beet bagasse,” Bioresource Technology, vol. 101 pp.1675–1680, 2011.
[3] Y. Wang, B.Y. Gao, W.W. Yue and Q.Y. Yue “Adsorption kinetics of nitrate from aqueous solutions onto modified wheat residue,” Colloids Surf. vol. 308 pp.1–5, 2007.
[4] A. Ako Ako, G.E.T. Eyong,, J. Shimada, K. Koike, T. Hosono, K. Ichiyanagi, A. Richard, B.K. Tandia, G.E. Nkeng, N.N and Roger, “Nitrate contamination of groundwater in two areas of the Cameroon Volcanic Line (Banana Plain and Mount Cameroon area,” Appl Water Sci vol. 4 pp. 99–1, 2014.
[5] A. Dordio and A.J.P. Carvalho, “Constructed wetlands with light expanded clay aggregates for agricultural wastewater treatment,” Science of the Total Environment vol. 463-464, pp. 454–461, 2013.
[6] S. Chatterjee and S.H. Woo, “The removal of nitrate from aqueous solutions by chitosan hydrogen beads,” J. Hazard. Mater. vol. 164, no.2–3, pp. 1012–1018, 2009.
[7] U. Rattanachomsri, S. Tanapongpipat, L. Eurwilaichitr and V. Champreda, “Simultaneous non-thermal saccharification of cassava pulp by multi-enzyme activity and ethanol fermentation by Candida tropicalis”. J. Biosci. Bioen,. vol.107, pp. 488-493, 2009.
[8] N.A. Edma, A. Sulaiman, and S.N. Abd. Rahim, “Enzymatic Saccharification of Tapioca Processing Wastes into Biosugars through Immobilization Technology.” Biofuel Research Journal, vol. 1 pp 2-6, 2014.
[9] O.A. Omotosho and A.Y. Sangodoyin, “Production and utilization of cassava peel activated carbon in treatment of effluent from cassava processing industry,” Water Practice & Technology vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 215-224, 2013.
[10] Y. Mijinyawa, and N.S. Lawal, “Treatment efficiency and economic benefit of Zartech poultry slaughter house wastewater treatment plant, Ibadan, Nigeria,” Scientific Research and Essay, vol.3, no. 6, pp. 219–223, 2008.
[11] T.A. Ewemoje, O.A. Omotosho, and O.P. Abimbola, “Cradle-To-Gate Life-Cycle-Assessment of poultry production system in a developing country: case study of deep litter poultry management system in Lagos, Nigeria,” Journal of Agricultural Engineering and Technology vol. 21 no. 1, pp. 98-106, 2013.
[12] P.L.Y. Foo and L. Y. Lee, “Preparation of activated carbon from parkia speciosa pod by chemical activation,” Proceeding World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science (WCEC 2010), pp. 98–104, 2010.
[13] D.C.S. Azevedo, C.S.J. Araujo, M. Bastos-Neto, E. Torres, E.F. Jaguaribe, and C.L. Cavalcante, “Microporous activated carbon prepared from coconut shells using chemical activation with zinc chloride,” Micropor. Mesopor. Mater. vol. 100, pp. 361– 364, 2007.
[14] C.F. Chang, C.Y. Chang and W.T Tsai, “Effects of burn-off and activation temperature on preparation of activated carbon from corn cob agrowaste by CO2 and steam,” J. Colloid Interf. Sci. vol. 232, pp. 45–49, 2000.
[15] H. Demiral, I. Demiral, F. Tumsek, and B. Karabacakog˘lu, “Pore structure of activated carbon prepared from hazelnut bagasse by chemical activation,” Surf. Inter. Anal. vol. 40, no. 3–4, pp. 616–619, 2008.
[16] W.M.A.W. Daud and W.S.W. Ali, “Comparison of pore development of activated carbon produced from palm shell and coconut shell,” Bioresour. Technol. vol. 93, pp. 63– 69, 2004.
[17] M.M. Karim, A.K. Dasa and S.H. Lee, “Treatment of colored effluent of the textile industry in Bangladesh using zinc chloride treated indigenous activated carbons,” Anal. Chim. Acta. vol. 576, pp. 37–42, 2006.
[18] O. Marin, C. Fernandez-Gonzalez, A. Macias-Garcia and V. Gomez-Serrano, “Preparation of activated carbons from cherry stones by activation with potassium hydroxide,” Appl. Surf. Sci. vol. 252, pp. 5980–5983, 2006.
[19] O.A. Omotosho and A.Y. Sangodoyin, “Production and utilization of cassava peel activated carbon in treatment of effluent from cassava processing industry,” Water Practice & Technology vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 215-224, 2013.
[20] A.M. Youssef, N.R.E. Radwanb, I. Abdel-Gawadb and G.A.A. Singerc, “Textural properties of activated carbons from apricot stones. Colloids Surf. A: Physicochem,” Eng. Aspects, vol. 252, pp.143–151, 2005.
[21] J.T. Nwabanne and P.K. Igbokwe, “Kinetics and equilibrium of Nickel adsorbtion by cassava pee,” Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences vol. 3, no. 11, pp. 829-834, 2008.
[22] M. Ahmedna, W.E. Marshall and R.M. Rao “Production of granular activated carbons from select agricultural by-products and evaluation of their physical, chemical and adsorption properties,” Bioresource Technology, no. 71, no. 2, pp. 113-123, 2001.
[23] A.W.M. Verla, E.N. Horsfall (Jnr), A.I. Verla, O.A. Spiff1 and Ekpete O. “Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from fluted pumpkin (telfairia occidentalis hook.f) seed shell,” Asian Journal of Natural & Applied Sciences, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 39-50, 2012.
[24] H.B. Hameed, A.T.M. Din and A.L. Ahmad, “Adsorption of methylene blue onto bamboo-based activated carbon: Kinetics and equilibrium studies,” J. Hazardous Matter pp. 1-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat2006.07.049, 2006.
[25] Z. Aksu and S. Tezer, “Equilibrium and kinetic modelling of bisorption of Remazol Black B by Rhyzopus arrhizus in in a batch system: Effect of temperature,” Process Biochem, vol. 36, pp. 431-439, 2000.
[26] H. Demiral, and G. Gunduzoglu, “Removal of nitrate from aqueous solutions by activated carbon prepared from sugar beet bagasse,” Bioresource Technology, vol. 101 pp.1675–1680, 2011.
@article{"International Journal of Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences:71164", author = "Olayinka Omotosho", title = "Mitigation of Nitrate Pollution in Wastewater: A Case Study of the Treatment of Cassava Processing Effluent Using Cassava Peel Carbon Material", abstract = "The study investigated efficiency cassava peel carbon
and Zinc Chloride activated cassava peel carbon at 1:3, 2:3 and 1:1
activation levels in the removal of nitrates from oxidized cassava
processing wastewater. Results showed that the CPC and CPAC were
effective in adsorption of nitrates. A summary of results from the
study revealed that CPAC at 1:3 exhibited the highest initial
decontamination (69.5% after 2 hrs) while CPAC at 1:1 activation
ratio showed a slower initial decontamination rate. The CPC &
CPAC exhibited Langmuir Rα values of 0.15, 0.11, 0.09, and 0.07 for
the 0:1, 1:3, 2:3 and 1:1 confirming its suitability as adsorption
material.", keywords = "Adsorption, Cassava, Activated Carbon, Nitrate,
Isotherm, Langmuir.", volume = "9", number = "4", pages = "399-6", }
