Abstract: Lightweight design represents an important key to
successful implementation of energy-saving, fuel-efficient and
environmentally friendly means of transport in the aerospace and
automotive industry. In this context the use of carbon fibre reinforced
plastics (CFRP) which are distinguished by their outstanding
mechanical properties at relatively low weight, promise significant
improvements. Due to the reduction of the total mass, with the
resulting lowered fuel or energy consumption and CO2 emissions
during the operational phase, commercial aircraft will increasingly be
made of CFRP. An auspicious technology for the efficient and
economic production of high performance thermoset composites and
hybrid structures for future lightweight applications is the
combination of carbon fibre sheet moulding compound, tailored
continuous carbon fibre reinforcements and metallic components in a
one-shot pressing and curing process. This paper deals with a hybrid
composite technology for aerospace industries, which was developed
with the help of a special innovation and development system.
Abstract: In this paper, the transient device performance analysis
of n-type Gate Inside JunctionLess Transistor (GI-JLT) has been
evaluated. 3-D Bohm Quantum Potential (BQP) transport device
simulation has been used to evaluate the delay and power dissipation
performance. GI-JLT has a number of desirable device parameters
such as reduced propagation delay, dynamic power dissipation,
power and delay product, intrinsic gate delay and energy delay
product as compared to Gate-all-around transistors GAA-JLT. In
addition to this, various other device performance parameters namely,
on/off current ratio, short channel effects (SCE), transconductance
Generation Factor (TGF) and unity gain cut-off frequency (fT ) and
subthreshold slope (SS) of the GI-JLT and GAA-JLT have been
analyzed and compared. GI-JLT shows better device performance
characteristics than GAA-JLT for low power and high frequency
applications, because of its larger gate electrostatic control on the
device operation.
Abstract: The final energy use can be divided mainly in four sectors: commercial, industrial, residential, and transportation. The trend in final energy consumption by sector plays as a most straightforward way to provide a wide indication of progress for reducing energy consumption and associated environmental impacts by different end use sectors. The average share of end use energy for residential sector in the world was nearly 20% until 2011, in Germany a higher proportion is between 25% and 30%. However, it remains less studied than energy use in other three sectors as well its impacts on climate and environment. The reason for this involves a wide range of fields, including the diversity of residential construction like different housing building design and materials, living or energy using behavioral patterns, climatic condition and variation as well other social obstacles, market trend potential and financial support from government.
This paper presents an extensive and in-depth analysis of the manner by which projects researched and operated by authors in the fields of energy efficiency primarily from the perspectives of both technical potential and initiative energy saving consciousness in the residential sectors especially in social housing buildings.
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to examine gas transport
behavior of mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) combined with
porous particles. Main existing models are categorized in two main
groups; two-phase (ideal contact) and three-phase (non-ideal contact).
A new coefficient, J, was obtained to express equations for estimating
effect of the particle porosity in two-phase and three-phase models.
Modified models evaluates with existing models and experimental
data using Matlab software. Comparison of gas permeability of
proposed modified models with existing models in different MMMs
shows a better prediction of gas permeability in MMMs.
Abstract: Food as perishable goods represents a specific and
sensitive part in the supply chain theory, since changing physical or
chemical characteristics considerably influence the approach to stock
management. The most delicate phase of this process is
transportation, where it becomes difficult to ensure the stable
conditions which limit deterioration, since the value of the
deterioration rate could be easily influenced by the mode of
transportation. The fuzzy definition of variables allows one to take
these variations into account. Furthermore, an appropriate choice of
the defuzzification method permits one to adapt results to real
conditions as far as possible. In this article those methods which take
into account the relationship between the deterioration rate of
perishable goods and transportation by ship will be applied with the
aim of (a) minimizing the total cost function, defined as the sum of
the ordering cost, holding cost, disposing cost and transportation
costs, and (b) improving the supply chain sustainability by reducing
environmental impact and waste disposal costs.
Abstract: Electric vehicles are one of the most complicated
electric devices to simulate due to the significant number of different
processes involved in electrical structure of it. There are concurrent
processes of energy consumption and generation with different
onboard systems, which make simulation tasks more complicated to
perform. More accurate simulation on energy consumption can
provide a better understanding of all energy management for electric
transport. As a result of all those processes, electric transport can
allow for a more sustainable future and become more convenient in
relation to the distance range and recharging time. This paper
discusses the problems of energy consumption simulations for
electric vehicles using different software packages to provide ideas
on how to make this process more precise, which can help engineers
create better energy management strategies for electric vehicles.
Abstract: Science and technology has a major impact on many
societal domains such as communication, medicine, food,
transportation, etc. However, this dominance of modern technology
can have a negative unintended impact on indigenous systems, and in
particular on indigenous foods. This problem serves as a motivation
to this study whose aim is to examine the perceptions of learners on
the usefulness of Information and Communication Technologies
(ICTs) for learning about indigenous foods. This aim will be
subdivided into two types of research objectives. The design and
identification of theories and models will be achieved using literature
content analysis. The objective on the empirical testing of such
theories and models will be achieved through the survey of
Hospitality studies learners from different schools in the iLembe and
Umgungundlovu Districts of the South African Kwazulu-Natal
province. SPSS is used to quantitatively analyze the data collected by
the questionnaire of this survey using descriptive statistics and
Pearson correlations after the assessment of the validity and the
reliability of the data. The main hypothesis behind this study is that
there is a connection between the demographics of learners, their
perceptions on the usefulness of ICTs for learning about indigenous
foods, and the following personality and eLearning related theories
constructs: Computer self-efficacy, Trust in ICT systems, and
Conscientiousness; as suggested by existing studies on learning
theories. This hypothesis was fully confirmed by the survey
conducted by this study except for the demographic factors where
gender and age were not found to be determinant factors of learners’
perceptions on the usefulness of ICTs for learning about indigenous
foods.
Abstract: Metal matrix composites (MMCs) attract considerable
attention as a result from its ability in providing a high strength, high
modulus, high toughness, high impact properties, improving wear
resistance and providing good corrosion resistance compared to
unreinforced alloy. Aluminium Silicon (Al/Si) alloy MMC has been
widely used in various industrial sectors such as in transportation,
domestic equipment, aerospace, military, construction, etc.
Aluminium silicon alloy is an MMC that had been reinforced with
aluminium nitrate (AlN) particle and become a new generation
material use in automotive and aerospace sector. The AlN is one of
the advance material that have a bright prospect in future since it has
features such as lightweight, high strength, high hardness and
stiffness quality. However, the high degree of ceramic particle
reinforcement and the irregular nature of the particles along the
matrix material that contribute to its low density is the main problem
which leads to difficulties in machining process. This paper examined
the tool wear when milling AlSi/AlN Metal Matrix Composite using
a TiB2 (Titanium diboride) coated carbide cutting tool. The volume
of the AlN reinforced particle was 10% and milling process was
carried out under dry cutting condition. The TiB2 coated carbide
insert parameters used were at the cutting speed of (230, 300 and
370m/min, feed rate of 0.8, Depth of Cut (DoC) at 0.4m). The
Sometech SV-35 video microscope system used to quantify of the
tool wear. The result shown that tool life span increasing with the
cutting speeds at (370m/min, feed rate of 0.8mm/tooth and DoC at
0.4mm) which constituted an optimum condition for longer tool life
lasted until 123.2 mins. Meanwhile, at medium cutting speed which
at 300m/m, feed rate of 0.8mm/tooth and depth of cut at 0.4mm we
found that tool life span lasted until 119.86 mins while at low cutting
speed it lasted in 119.66 mins. High cutting speed will give the best
parameter in cutting AlSi/AlN MMCs material. The result will help
manufacturers in machining process of AlSi/AlN MMCs materials.
Abstract: Lead being a toxic heavy metal that mankind is
exposed to the highest levels of this metal from environmental
pollutants. A total of 180 Male scalp hair samples were collected
from different environments in Greater Cairo (GC), i.e. industrial,
heavy traffic and rural areas (60 samples from each) having different
activities during the period of, 1/5/2010 to 1/11/2012. Hair samples
were collected during five stages. Data proved that the concentration
of lead in male industrial areas of Cairo ranged between 6.2847 to
19.0432 μg/g, with mean value of 12.3288 μg/g. On the other hand,
lead content of hair samples of residential-traffic areas ranged
between 2.8634 to 16.3311 μg/g with mean value of 9.7552 μg/g.
While lead concentration on the hair of the male residents living in
rural area ranged between 1.0499-9.0402μg/g with mean value of
4.7327 μg/g. The Pb concentration in scalp hair of Cairo residents of
residential-traffic and rural traffic areas was observed to follow the
same pattern. The pattern was that of decrease concentration of
summer and its increase in winter. Then, there was a marked increase
in Pb concentration of summer 2012, and this increase was
significant. These were obviously seen for the residential-traffic and
rural areas residents. Pb pollution in residents of industrial areas
showed the same seasonal pattern, but there was marked to decrease
in Pb concentration of summer 2012, and this decrease was
significant. Lead pollution in residents of GC was serious. It is worth
noting that the atmosphere is still contaminated by lead despite a
decade of using unleaded gasoline. Strong seasonal variation in
higher Pb concentration on winter than in summer was found. Major
contributions to the pollution with Pb could include industry
emissions, motor vehicle emissions and long transported dust from
outside Cairo. More attention should be paid to the reduction of Pb
content of the urban aerosol and to the Pb pollution health.
Abstract: Non-destructive testing and evaluation techniques for
assessing the integrity of composite structures are essential to both
reduce manufacturing costs and out of service time of transport means
due to maintenance. In this study, Analyze into non-destructive test
characterization of carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) internal
and external defects using thermo-graphic camera and transient
thermography method. non-destructive testing were characterized by
defect size (Ø8, Ø10, Ø12, Ø14) and depth (1.2mm, 2.4mm).
Abstract: Learner motivation is considered to be an important
component for the Blended e-Learning (BL) Method. BL is an
effective learning method in multiple domains, which opens several
opportunities for its participants to engage in the learning
environment. This research explores the learners’ perspective of BL
according to the Self-Determination Theory (SDT). It identifies the
opportunities and challenges for using the BL in Logistics Education
(LE) in Egyptian Higher Education (HE). SDT is approached from
different perspectives within the relationship between Intrinsic
Motivation (IM), Extrinsic Motivation (EM) and Amotivation (AM).
A self-administered face-to-face questionnaire was used to collect
data from learners who were geographically widely spread around
three colleges of International Transport and Logistics (CILTs) at the
Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport
(AAST&MT) in Egypt. Six hundred and sixteen undergraduates
responded to a questionnaire survey. Respondents were drawn from
three branches in Greater Cairo, Alexandria, and Port Said. The data
analysis used was SPSS 22 and AMOS 18.
Abstract: Soil erosion is a very complex phenomenon, resulting
from detachment and transport of soil particles by erosion agents.
The kinetic energy of raindrop is the energy available for detachment
and transport by splashing rain. The soil erodibility is defined as the
ability of soil to resist to erosion. For this purpose, an experimental
study was conducted in the laboratory using rainfall simulator to
study the effect of the kinetic energy of rain (Ec) on the soil
erodibility (K). The soil used was a sandy agricultural soil of 62.08%
coarse sand, 19.14% fine sand, 6.39% fine silt, 5.18% coarse silt and
7.21% clay. The obtained results show that the kinetic energy of
raindrops evolves as a power law with soil erodibility.
Abstract: This research work is concerned with the life cycle
assessment (LCA) of an expressway, as well as its infrastructure, in
Thailand. The life cycle of an expressway encompasses the raw
material acquisition phase, the construction phase, the use or service
phase, the rehabilitation phase, and finally the demolition and
disposal phase. The LCA in this research was carried out using CML
baseline 2000 and in accordance with the ISO 14040 standard. A
functional unit refers to transportation of one person over one
kilometer of a 3-lane expressway with a 50-year lifetime. This
research has revealed that the construction phase produced the largest
proportion of the environmental impact (81.46%), followed by the
service, rehabilitation, demolition and disposal phases and
transportation at 11.97%, 3.72% 0.33% and 2.52%, respectively. For
the expressway under study, the total carbon footprint over its
lifetime is equivalent to 245,639 tons CO2-eq per 1 kilometer
functional unit, with the phases of construction, service,
rehabilitation, demolition and disposal and transportation
contributing 153,690; 73,773; 3693, 755 and 13,728 tons CO2-eq,
respectively. The findings could be adopted as a benchmark against
which the environmental impacts of future similar projects can be
measured.
Abstract: In regards to the energy sector in the modern period,
two points were raised. First is a vast and growing energy demand, and
second is an environmental impact associated with it. The enormous
consumption of fossil fuel to the mobile unit is leading to its rapid
depletion. Nuclear power is not the only problem. A modal shift that
utilizes personal transporters and independent power, in order to
realize a sustainable society, is very effective. The author proposes that
the world will continue to work on this. Energy of the future society,
innovation in battery technology and the use of natural energy is a big
key. And it is also necessary in order to save on energy consumption.
Abstract: Aluminum hybrid reinforcement technology is a
response to the dynamic ever increasing service requirements of such
industries as transportation, aerospace, automobile, marine, etc. It is
unique in that it offers a platform of almost unending combinations of
materials to produce various hybrid composites. This article reviews
the studies carried out on various combinations of aluminum hybrid
composite and the effects on mechanical, physical and chemical
properties. It is observed that the extent of enhancement of these
properties of hybrid composites is strongly dependent on the nature
of the reinforcement, its hardness, particle size, volume fraction,
uniformity of dispersion within the matrix and the method of hybrid
production.
Abstract: Two tragic tsunamis that devastated the west coast of
Sumatra Island, Indonesia in 2004 and North East Japan in 2011 had
damaged bridges to various extents. Tsunamis have resulted in the
catastrophic deterioration of infrastructures i.e. coastal structures,
utilities and transportation facilities. A bridge structure performs vital
roles to enable people to perform activities related to their daily needs
and for development. A damaged bridge needs to be repaired
expeditiously. In order to understand the effects of tsunami forces on
bridges, experimental tests are carried out to measure the
characteristics of hydrodynamic force at various wave heights.
Coastal bridge models designed at a 1:40 scale are used in a 24.0 m
long hydraulic flume with a cross section of 1.5 m by 2.0 m. The
horizontal forces and uplift forces in all cases show that forces
increase nonlinearly with increasing wave amplitude.
Abstract: The exposure to outdoor air pollution causes lung
cancer and increases the risk of bladder cancer. Because air pollution
in urban areas is mainly caused by transportation, it is necessary to
evaluate pollutant exhaust emissions from vehicles during their realworld
use. Nevertheless their evaluation and reduction is a key
problem, especially in the cities, that account for more than 50% of
world population.
A particular attention was given to the slope variability along the
streets during each journey performed by the instrumented vehicle.
In this paper we dealt with the problem of describing a
quantitatively approach for the reconstruction of GPS coordinates and
altitude, in the context of correlation study between driving cycles /
emission / geographical location, during an experimental campaign
realized with some instrumented cars.
Finally the slope analysis can be correlated to the emission and
consumption values in a specific road position, and it could be
evaluated its influence on their behaviour.
Abstract: Inland Waterway Transportation (IWT) is playing an
important role in national transport systems, water transportation is
considered to be safe, energy efficient and environmentally friendly
mode of transport, all benefits of IWT cause national awareness
increase, for instance the Colombian government is planning to
restore the navigability of the most important river of the country, the
Magdalena’s River navigability, embrace waterway transportation in
Colombia could strength competitiveness while reduce most of the
transport externalities. However, the current situation of the
Magdalena is deplorable, the most important river of Colombia has
been abandoned for decades and the solution is beyond of a single
administrative entity. This paper analyzes the outcomes of the
Navigation And Inland Waterway Action and Development in
Europe program (NAIADES) as a prospective to develop a similar
program in Colombia with similar objectives and guidelines,
considering sustainability, guarantying the long-term future results
and adaptability of the program. Identifying stakeholders and policy
experts, a set of individual interviews were carried out; findings
support the idea of lack of integration within governmental
institutions and lack of importance in marketing promotion as
possible drawbacks on the implementation of IWT projects.
Abstract: Natural gas, as one of the most important sources of
energy for many of the industrial and domestic users all over the
world, has a complex, huge supply chain which is in need of heavy
investments in all the phases of exploration, extraction, production,
transportation, storage and distribution. The main purpose of supply
chain is to meet customers’ need efficiently and with minimum cost.
In this study, with the aim of minimizing economic costs, different
levels of natural gas supply chain in the form of a multi-echelon,
multi-period fuzzy linear programming have been modeled. In this
model, different constraints including constraints on demand
satisfaction, capacity, input/output balance and presence/absence of a
path have been defined. The obtained results suggest efficiency of the
recommended model in optimal allocation and reduction of supply
chain costs.
Abstract: The aim of present study was to monitor the presence
of Trichodina sp. in Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss collected
from various fish farms in the western provinces of Iran during
January, 2013- January, 2014. Out of 675 sampled fish 335, (49.16%)
were infested with Trichodina. The highest prevalence was observed
in the spring and winter followed by autumn and summer. In general,
the intensity of infection was low except in cases where outbreaks of
Trichodiniasis endangered the survival of fish in some ponds. In light
infestation Trichodina is usually present on gills, fins and skin of
apparently healthy fish. Clinical signs of Trichodiniasis only appear
on fish with heavy infections and cases of moderate ones that are
usually exposed to one or more stress factors including, rough
handling during transportation from ponds, overcrowdness,
malnutrition, high of free ammonia and low of oxygen concentration.
Clinical signs of Trichodiniasis in sampled fish were sluggish
movement, loss of appetite, black coloration, necrosis and ulcer on
different parts of the body, detached scales and excessive
accumulation of mucous in gill pouches. The most obvious
histopathological changes in diseased fish were sloughing of the
epidermal layer, aggregation of leucocytes and melanine-carrying
cells (between the dermis and hypodermis) and proliferative changes
including hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the epithelial lining cells of
gill filaments which resulted in fusion of secondary lamellae. Control
of Trichodiniasis, has been achieved by formalin bath treatment at a
concentration of 250 ppm for one hour.