Abstract: Laboratory experiments have been performed to investigate photocatalytic detoxification by using TiO2 photocatalyst for treating dairy effluent. Various operational parameters such as catalyst concentration, initial concentration, angle of tilt of solar flat plate reactor and flow rate were investigated. Results indicated that the photocatalytic detoxification process can efficiently treat dairy effluent. Experimental runs with dairy wastewater can be used to identify the optimum operational parameters to perform wastewater degradation on large scale for recycling purpose. Also effect of two different types of reactors on degradation process was analyzed.
Abstract: The efficient use of available licensed spectrum is
becoming more and more critical with increasing demand and usage
of the radio spectrum. This paper shows how the use of spectrum as
well as dynamic spectrum management can be effectively managed
and spectrum allocation schemes in the wireless communication
systems be implemented and used, in future. This paper would be an
attempt towards better utilization of the spectrum. This research will
focus on the decision-making process mainly, with an
assumption that the radio environment has already been sensed and
the QoS requirements for the application have been specified either
by the sensed radio environment or by the secondary user itself. We
identify and study the characteristic parameters of Cognitive Radio
and use Genetic Algorithm for spectrum allocation. Performance
evaluation is done using MATLAB toolboxes.
Abstract: Re-entrant scheduling is an important search problem
with many constraints in the flow shop. In the literature, a number of
approaches have been investigated from exact methods to
meta-heuristics. This paper presents a genetic algorithm that encodes
the problem as multi-level chromosomes to reflect the dependent
relationship of the re-entrant possibility and resource consumption.
The novel encoding way conserves the intact information of the data
and fastens the convergence to the near optimal solutions. To test the
effectiveness of the method, it has been applied to the
resource-constrained re-entrant flow shop scheduling problem.
Computational results show that the proposed GA performs better than
the simulated annealing algorithm in the measure of the makespan
Abstract: This paper aims to study the methodology of building the knowledge of planning adequate punches in order to complete the task of strip layout for shearing processes, using progressive dies. The proposed methodology uses die design rules and characteristics of different types of punches to classify them into five groups: prior use (the punches must be used first), posterior use (must be used last), compatible use (may be used together), sequential use (certain punches must precede some others) and simultaneous use (must be used together). With these five groups of punches, the searching space of feasible designs will be greatly reduced, and superimposition becomes a more effective method of punch layout. The superimposition scheme will generate many feasible solutions, an evaluation function based on number of stages, moment balancing and strip stability is developed for helping designers to find better solutions.
Abstract: Suspended cable structures are most preferable for large spans covering due to rational use of structural materials, but the problem of suspended cable structures is initial shape change under the action of non-symmetrical load. The problem can be solved by increasing of relation of dead weight and imposed load, but this methods cause increasing of materials consumption.Prestressed cable truss usage is another way how the problem of shape change under the action of non-symmetrical load can be fixed. The better results can be achieved if we replace top chord with cable truss with cross web. Rational structure of the cable truss for prestressed cable truss top chord was developed using optimization realized in FEM program ANSYS 12 environment. Single cable and cable truss model work was discovered.Analytical and model testing results indicate, that usage of cable truss with the cross web as a top chord of prestressed cable truss instead of single cable allows to reduce total displacements by 13-16% in the case of non-symmetrical load. In case of uniformly distributed load single cable is preferable.
Abstract: In realizing devices using ZnO, a key challenge is the
production of p-type material. Substitution of oxygen by a group-V
impurity is thought to result in deep acceptor levels, but a candidate
made up from a complex of a group-V impurity (P, As, Sb) on a Zn
site coupled with two vacant Zn sites is widely viewed as a candidate.
We show using density-functional simulations that in contrast to such
a view, complexes involving oxygen interstitials are energetically
more favorable, resulting in group-V impurities coordinated with four,
five or six oxygen atoms.
Abstract: In this paper a new Genetic Algorithm based on a heuristic operator and Centre of Mass selection operator (CMGA) is designed for the unbounded knapsack problem(UKP), which is NP-Hard combinatorial optimization problem. The proposed genetic algorithm is based on a heuristic operator, which utilizes problem specific knowledge. This center of mass operator when combined with other Genetic Operators forms a competitive algorithm to the existing ones. Computational results show that the proposed algorithm is capable of obtaining high quality solutions for problems of standard randomly generated knapsack instances. Comparative study of CMGA with simple GA in terms of results for unbounded knapsack instances of size up to 200 show the superiority of CMGA. Thus CMGA is an efficient tool of solving UKP and this algorithm is competitive with other Genetic Algorithms also.
Abstract: Processing tabah bamboo shoot as fermented pickle is
one of the way to increase the shelf life of this bamboo shoot. The
advantage of this shoot is low concentration of hydro cyanic acid
(HCN) make it potential for functional food product. This study
aimed to determine the characteristic of tabah bamboo shoot pickle
such as total of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), pH, total acidity, and
hydro cyanic acid (HCN) content, and also find the LAB’s type
involved during fermentation, and organic acids’ profiles. The pickle
was made by natural fermentation with 6% salt concentration and
fermentation conducted for 13 days.
The result showed during the fermentation time, in the 4th day
LAB’s number was highest as much as 72 x 107 CFU/ml and the
lowest pH was 3.09. We also found decreasing in HCN from 37.8
ppm at the beginning to 20.52 ppm at the end of fermentation
process. The organic acids detected during the fermentation were
lactic acid with the highest concentration was 0.0546 g/100 g and
small amount of acetic acid. By using PCR method, the 18 of LABs
which had rod shape were detected as member of Lactobacillus spp.,
in which 17 strains detected as L. plantarum.
Abstract: An effective method for the early detection of breast
cancer is the mammographic screening. One of the most important
signs of early breast cancer is the presence of microcalcifications. For
the detection of microcalcification in a mammography image, we
propose to conceive a multiagent system based on a dual irregular
pyramid.
An initial segmentation is obtained by an incremental approach;
the result represents level zero of the pyramid. The edge information
obtained by application of the Canny filter is taken into account to
affine the segmentation. The edge-agents and region-agents cooper
level by level of the pyramid by exploiting its various characteristics
to provide the segmentation process convergence.
Abstract: This paper presents a subjective job scheduler based
on a 3-layer Backpropagation Neural Network (BPNN) and a greedy
alignment procedure in order formulates a real-life situation. The
BPNN estimates critical values of jobs based on the given subjective
criteria. The scheduler is formulated in such a way that, at each time
period, the most critical job is selected from the job queue and is
transferred into a single machine before the next periodic job arrives.
If the selected job is one of the oldest jobs in the queue and its
deadline is less than that of the arrival time of the current job, then
there is an update of the deadline of the job is assigned in order to
prevent the critical job from its elimination. The proposed
satisfiability criteria indicates that the satisfaction of the scheduler
with respect to performance of the BPNN, validity of the jobs and the
feasibility of the scheduler.
Abstract: We investigate nonfactorizable contributions to
D → ¤Ç¤Ç decay modes. We perform isospin analysis of the
nonfactorizable contributions to these decays. Obtaining the
factorizable contributions from spectator-quark diagrams using
= 3 C N , we determine nonfactorizable amplitudes for these decays
and predict their branching ratios.
Abstract: An attempt has been made to develop a
seminumerical model to study temperature variations in dermal
layers of human limbs. The model has been developed for two
dimensional steady state case. The human limb has been assumed to
have elliptical cross section. The dermal region has been divided
into three natural layers namely epidermis, dermis and subdermal
tissues. The model incorporates the effect of important physiological
parameters like blood mass flow rate, metabolic heat generation, and
thermal conductivity of the tissues. The outer surface of the limb is
exposed to the environment and it is assumed that heat loss takes
place at the outer surface by conduction, convection, radiation, and
evaporation. The temperature of inner core of the limb also varies at
the lower atmospheric temperature. Appropriate boundary conditions
have been framed based on the physical conditions of the problem.
Cubic splines approach has been employed along radial direction and
Fourier series along angular direction to obtain the solution. The
numerical results have been computed for different values of
eccentricity resembling with the elliptic cross section of the human
limbs. The numerical results have been used to obtain the
temperature profile and to study the relationships among the various
physiological parameters.
Abstract: In medical therapy, laser has been widely used to conduct cosmetic, tumor and other treatments. During the process of laser irradiation, there may be thermal damage caused by excessive laser exposure. Thus, the establishment of a complete thermal analysis model is clinically helpful to physicians in reference data. In this study, porcine liver in place of tissue was subjected to laser irradiation to set up the experimental data considering the explored impact on surface thermal field and thermal damage region under different conditions of power, laser irradiation time, and distance between laser and porcine liver. In the experimental process, the surface temperature distribution of the porcine lever was measured by the infrared thermal imager. In the part of simulation, the bio heat transfer Pennes-s equation was solved by software SYSWELD applying in welding process. The double ellipsoid function as a laser source term is firstly considered in the prediction for surface thermal field and internal tissue damage. The simulation results are compared with the experimental data to validate the mathematical model established here in.
Abstract: This article deals with the numerical simulation of the
floor heating convector in 3D. Presented convector can operate in
two modes – cooling mode and heating mode. This initial numerical
simulation is focused on cooling mode of the convector. Models with
different temperature of the fins are compared and three various
shapes of the fins are examined as well. The objective of the work is
to predict air flow and heat transfer inside convector for further
optimalization of these devices. For the numerical simulation was
used commercial software Ansys Fluent.
Abstract: Fuzzy logic approach is used in this study to predict
the tractive performance in terms of traction force, and motion
resistance for an intelligent air cushion track vehicle while it operates
in the swamp peat. The system is effective to control the intelligent
air –cushion system with measuring the vehicle traction force (TF),
motion resistance (MR), cushion clearance height (CH) and cushion
pressure (CP). Sinkage measuring sensor, magnetic switch, pressure
sensor, micro controller, control valves and battery are incorporated
with the Fuzzy logic system (FLS) to investigate experimentally the
TF, MR, CH, and CP. In this study, a comparison for tractive
performance of an intelligent air cushion track vehicle has been
performed with the results obtained from the predicted values of FLS
and experimental actual values. The mean relative error of actual and
predicted values from the FLS model on traction force, and total
motion resistance are found as 5.58 %, and 6.78 % respectively. For
all parameters, the relative error of predicted values are found to be
less than the acceptable limits. The goodness of fit of the prediction
values from the FLS model on TF, and MR are found as 0.90, and
0.98 respectively.
Abstract: An iterative algorithm is proposed and tested in Cournot Game models, which is based on the convergence of sequential best responses and the utilization of a genetic algorithm for determining each player-s best response to a given strategy profile of its opponents. An extra outer loop is used, to address the problem of finite accuracy, which is inherent in genetic algorithms, since the set of feasible values in such an algorithm is finite. The algorithm is tested in five Cournot models, three of which have convergent best replies sequence, one with divergent sequential best replies and one with “local NE traps"[14], where classical local search algorithms fail to identify the Nash Equilibrium. After a series of simulations, we conclude that the algorithm proposed converges to the Nash Equilibrium, with any level of accuracy needed, in all but the case where the sequential best replies process diverges.
Abstract: This paper presents the stabilization potential of Class
F pond ash (PA) from a coal fired thermal power station on tropical
peat soil. Peat or highly organic soils are well known for their high
compressibility, natural moisture content, low shear strength and
long-term settlement. This study investigates the effect of different
amount (i.e., 5, 10, 15 and 20%) of PA on peat soil, collected from
Sarawak, Malaysia, mainly compaction and unconfined compressive
strength (UCS) properties. The amounts of PA added to the peat soil
sample as percentage of the dry peat soil mass. With the increase in
PA content, the maximum dry density (MDD) of peat soil increases,
while the optimum moisture content (OMC) decreases. The UCS
value of the peat soils increases significantly with the increase of PA
content and also with curing periods. This improvement on
compressive strength of tropical peat soils indicates that PA has the
potential to be used as a stabilizer for tropical peat soil. Also, the use
of PA in soil stabilization helps in reducing the pond volume and
achieving environment friendly as well as a sustainable development
of natural resources.
Abstract: This paper solves the Non Linear Schrodinger
Equation using the Split Step Fourier method for modeling an optical
fiber. The model generates a complex wave of optical pulses and
using the results obtained two graphs namely Loss versus
Wavelength and Dispersion versus Wavelength are generated. Taking
Chromatic Dispersion and Polarization Mode Dispersion losses into
account, the graphs generated are compared with the graphs
formulated by JDS Uniphase Corporation which uses standard values
of dispersion for optical fibers. The graphs generated when compared
with the JDS Uniphase Corporation plots were found to be more or
less similar thus verifying that the model proposed is right.
MATLAB software was used for doing the modeling.
Abstract: This paper presents a general trainable framework
for fast and robust upright human face and non-human object
detection and verification in static images. To enhance the
performance of the detection process, the technique we develop is
based on the combination of fast neural network (FNN) and
classical neural network (CNN). In FNN, a useful correlation is
exploited to sustain high level of detection accuracy between input
image and the weight of the hidden neurons. This is to enable the
use of Fourier transform that significantly speed up the time
detection. The combination of CNN is responsible to verify the
face region. A bootstrap algorithm is used to collect non human
object, which adds the false detection to the training process of the
human and non-human object. Experimental results on test images
with both simple and complex background demonstrate that the
proposed method has obtained high detection rate and low false
positive rate in detecting both human face and non-human object.
Abstract: A modified Saleh-Valenzuela channel model has been
adapted for Ultra Wideband (UWB) system. The suggested realistic
channel is assessed by its distribution of fading amplitude and time of
arrivals. Furthermore, the propagation characteristic has been distinct
into four channel models, namely CM 1 to 4. Each are differentiate in
terms of cluster arrival rates, rays arrival rate within each cluster and
its respective constant decay rates. This paper described the
multiband OFDM system performance simulates under these
multipath conditions. Simulation work described in this paper is
based on WiMedia ECMA-368 standard, which has been deployed
for practical implementation of low cost and low power UWB
devices.