Abstract: In order to derive important parameters concerning
mobile subscriber MS with ongoing calls in Low Earth Orbit Mobile
Satellite Systems LEO MSSs, a positioning system had to be
integrated into MSS in order to localize mobile subscribers MSs and
track them during the connection. Such integration is regarded as a
complex implementation. We propose in this paper a novel method
based on advantages of mobility model of Low Earth Orbit Mobile
Satellite System LEO MSS which allows the evaluation of instant of
subsequent handover of a MS even if its location is unknown. This
method is utilized to propose a Dynamic Channel Reservation DCRlike
scheme based on the DCR scheme previously proposed in
literature. Results presented show that DCR-like technique gives
different QoS performance than DCR. Indeed, an improve in
handover blocking probability and an increase in new call blocking
probability are observed for the DCR-like technique.
Abstract: In this paper, the typical exponential method, diamond difference and modified time discrete scheme is researched for self adaptive time step. The second-order time evolution scheme is applied to time-dependent spherical neutron transport equation by discrete ordinates method. The numerical results show that second-order time evolution scheme associated exponential method has some good properties. The time differential curve about neutron current is more smooth than that of exponential method and diamond difference and modified time discrete scheme.
Abstract: In order to investigate water deficit stress on 24 of
soybean (Glycine Max. L) cultivars and lines in temperate climate, an
experiment was conducted in Iran Seed and Plant Improvement
Institute. Stress levels were irrigation after evaporation of 50, 100,
150 mm water from pan, class A. Randomized Completely Block
Design was arranged for each stress levels. Some traits such as, node
number, plant height, pod number per area, grain number per pod,
grain number per area, 1000 grains weight, grain yield and harvest
index were measured. Results showed that water deficit stress had
significant effect on node number, plant height, pod number per area,
grain number per pod, grain number per area, 1000 grains weight and
harvest index. Also all of agronomic traits except harvest index
influenced significantly by cultivars and lines. The least and most
grain yield was belonged to Ronak X Williams and M41 x Clark
respectively.
Abstract: The primary cause of Total Hip Replacement (THR)
failure for younger patients is aseptic loosening. This complication is
twice more likely to happen in acetabular cup than in femoral stem.
Excessive micromotion between bone and implant will cause
loosening and it depends in patient activities, age and bone. In this
project, the effects of different metal back design of press fit on
osseointegration of the acetabular cup are carried out. Commercial
acetabular cup designs, namely Spiked, Superfix and Quadrafix are
modelled and analyzed using commercial finite element software.
The diameter of acetabular cup is based on the diameter of acetabular
rim to make sure the component fit to the acetabular cavity. A new
design of acetabular cup are proposed and analyzed to get better
osseointegration between the bones and implant interface. Results
shows that the proposed acetabular cup designs are more stable
compared to other designs with respect to stress and displacement
aspects.
Abstract: Polyurethane foam (PUF) were prepared by
reacting polyols synthesized from soy-oil into mixture of 2,4-
Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) with 4,4--Methylene Diamine
Isocyanate (MDI) with ratio of 70:30. The polyols obtained
via esterification reaction were categorize into different
temperature of reaction and by used of varied concentration
of phosphoric acid catalyst. The purpose of catalysts is to
shifting selectivity to a desired and value added of product.
The effect of stoichiometric balance (molar ratio of
epoxide/ethylene glycol) to the concentration of the catalyst
on the final properties was evaluated.
Abstract: In order to study pressed pile test and ultimate bearing
capacity character of large-diameter steel pipe pile, based on two high-piled wharfs of Zhanjiang Port, pressed pile test and numerical simulation of three large-diameter steel pipe piles are analyzed in this
paper. Anchored pile method is used to pressed pile test, and the
curves of Q-s and ultimate bearing capacity are attained. Then the three piles are numerically simulated by ABAQUS, and results of numerical simulation and those of field test are comparatively analyzed. The results show that settlement value of numerical
simulation is larger than that of field test in the process of loading, the difference value is widening with the increasing of load, and the
ultimate difference value of settlement is 20% to 30%.
Abstract: The influence of viscosity on droplet diameter for
water-in-crude oil (w/o) emulsion with two different ratios; 20-80 %
and 50-50 % w/o emulsion was examined in the Brookfield
Rotational Digital Rheometer. The emulsion was prepared with
sorbitan sesquiolate (Span 83) act as emulsifier at varied temperature
and stirring speed in rotation per minute (rpm). Results showed that
the viscosity of w/o emulsion was strongly augmented by increasing
volume of water and decreased the temperature. The changing of
viscosity also altered the droplet size distribution. Changing of
droplet diameter was depends on the viscosity and the behavior of
emulsion either Newtonian or non-Newtonian.
Abstract: Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) is now being widely used as a preferred choice for various types of operations. The need to detect various tactile properties, justifies the key role of tactile sensing that is currently missing in MIS. In this regard, Laparoscopy is one of the methods of minimally invasive surgery that can be used in kidney stone removal surgeries. At this moment, determination of the exact location of stone during laparoscopy is one of the limitations of this method that no scientific solution has been found for so far. Artificial tactile sensing is a new method for obtaining the characteristics of a hard object embedded in a soft tissue. Artificial palpation is an important application of artificial tactile sensing that can be used in different types of surgeries. In this study, a new method for determining the exact location of stone during laparoscopy is presented. In the present study, the effects of stone existence on the surface of kidney were investigated using conceptual 3D model of kidney containing a simulated stone. Having imitated palpation and modeled it conceptually, indications of stone existence that appear on the surface of kidney were determined. A number of different cases were created and solved by the software and using stress distribution contours and stress graphs, it is illustrated that the created stress patterns on the surface of kidney show not only the existence of stone inside, but also its exact location. So three-dimensional analysis leads to a novel method of predicting the exact location of stone and can be directly applied to the incorporation of tactile sensing in artificial palpation, helping surgeons in non-invasive procedures.
Abstract: In this paper, an analytical modeling is presentated to
describe the channel noise in GME SGT/CGT MOSFET, based on
explicit functions of MOSFETs geometry and biasing conditions for
all channel length down to deep submicron and is verified with the
experimental data. Results shows the impact of various parameters
such as gate bias, drain bias, channel length ,device diameter and gate
material work function difference on drain current noise spectral
density of the device reflecting its applicability for circuit design
applications.
Abstract: Studies were carried out to determine the in vitro
susceptibility of the typhoid pathogens to combined action of Euphorbia hirta, Euphorbia heterophylla and Phyllanthus niruri. Clinical isolates of the typhoid bacilli were subjected to susceptibility testing using agar diffusion technique and the minimum inhibitory
concentration (MIC) determined with tube dilution technique. These
isolates, when challenged with doses of the extracts from the three
medicinal plants showed zones of inhibition as wide as 26±0.2mm, 22±0.1mm and 18±0.0mm respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) revealed organisms inhibited at varying
concentrations of extracts: E. hirta (S. typhi 0.250mg/ml, S. paratyphi A 0.125mg/ml, S. paratyphi B 0.185mg/ml and S. paratyphi C 0.225mg/ml), E. heterophylla (S. typhi 0.280mg/ml, S. paratyphi A
0.150mg/ml, S. paratyphi B 0.200mg/ml and S. paratyphi C 0.250mg/ml) and P. niruri (S. typhi 0.150mg/ml, S. paratyphi A 0.100mg/ml, S. paratyphi B 0.115mg/ml and S. paratyphi C 0.125mg/ml). The results of the synergy between the three plants in
the ration of 1:1:1 showed very low MICs for the test pathogens as follows S. typhi 0.025mg/ml, S. paratyphi A 0.080mg/ml, S. paratyphi B 0.015mg/ml and S. paratyphi C 0.10mg/ml with the
diameter zone of inhibition (DZI) ranging from 35±0.2mm,
28±0.4mm, 20±0.1mm and 32±0.3mm respectively. The secondary
metabolites were identified using simple methods and HPLC. Organic components such as anthroquinones, different alkaloids,
tannins, 6-ethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2,2,4-trimethyl and steroids were identified. The prevalence of Salmonellae, a deadly infectious disease, is still very high in parts of Nigeria. The synergistic action of these three plants is very high. It is concluded that pharmaceutical companies should take advantage of these findings to develop new
anti-typhoid drugs from these plants.
Abstract: Pretreatment of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) with N-Methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO) to enhance biogas production was investigated. The pretreatments were performed at 90 and 120ºC for 1, 3, and 5 h using three different concentrations of NMMO of 73%, 79%, and 85%. The pretreated OPEFB was subsequently anaerobically digested to produce biogas. After pretreatment, there were no significant changes of the main composition of OPEFB and the maximum total solid recovery was 92%. The amorphous phase was increased up to 78% at pretreatment condition using 85% NMMO solution for 3 h at 120oC. In general, higher concentration of NMMO and higher temperature resulted in increased amorphous form and higher biogas production. The best results of biogas production reached enhancement of methane yield of 148% compared to the untreated OPEFB and increased in digestion of 94% compared to starch as reference.
Abstract: This study demonstrates the use of Class F fly ash in
combination with lime or lime kiln dust in the full depth reclamation
(FDR) of asphalt pavements. FDR, in the context of this paper, is a
process of pulverizing a predetermined amount of flexible pavement
that is structurally deficient, blending it with chemical additives and
water, and compacting it in place to construct a new stabilized base
course. Test sections of two structurally deficient asphalt pavements
were reclaimed using Class F fly ash in combination with lime and
lime kiln dust. In addition, control sections were constructed using
cement, cement and emulsion, lime kiln dust and emulsion, and mill
and fill. The service performance and structural behavior of the FDR
pavement test sections were monitored to determine how the fly ash
sections compared to other more traditional pavement rehabilitation
techniques. Service performance and structural behavior were
determined with the use of sensors embedded in the road and Falling
Weight Deflectometer (FWD) tests. Monitoring results of the FWD
tests conducted up to 2 years after reclamation show that the cement,
fly ash+LKD, and fly ash+lime sections exhibited two year resilient
modulus values comparable to open graded cement stabilized
aggregates (more than 750 ksi). The cement treatment resulted in a
significant increase in resilient modulus within 3 weeks of
construction and beyond this curing time, the stiffness increase was
slow. On the other hand, the fly ash+LKD and fly ash+lime test
sections indicated slower shorter-term increase in stiffness. The fly
ash+LKD and fly ash+lime section average resilient modulus values
at two years after construction were in excess of 800 ksi. Additional
longer-term testing data will be available from ongoing pavement
performance and environmental condition data collection at the two
pavement sites.
Abstract: The present models and simulation algorithms of intracellular stochastic kinetics are usually based on the premise that diffusion is so fast that the concentrations of all the involved species are homogeneous in space. However, recents experimental measurements of intracellular diffusion constants indicate that the assumption of a homogeneous well-stirred cytosol is not necessarily valid even for small prokaryotic cells. In this work a mathematical treatment of diffusion that can be incorporated in a stochastic algorithm simulating the dynamics of a reaction-diffusion system is presented. The movement of a molecule A from a region i to a region j of the space is represented as a first order reaction Ai k- ! Aj , where the rate constant k depends on the diffusion coefficient. The diffusion coefficients are modeled as function of the local concentration of the solutes, their intrinsic viscosities, their frictional coefficients and the temperature of the system. The stochastic time evolution of the system is given by the occurrence of diffusion events and chemical reaction events. At each time step an event (reaction or diffusion) is selected from a probability distribution of waiting times determined by the intrinsic reaction kinetics and diffusion dynamics. To demonstrate the method the simulation results of the reaction-diffusion system of chaperoneassisted protein folding in cytoplasm are shown.
Abstract: In this study we investigate the insertion of
pioglitazone, a Thiazolidinedione, into the two different sizes of
Carbon nanotub. It was shown that the insertion of pioglitazone into
the carbon nanotube in a water solute environment could be related
to the diameter of the nanotube and in the flow of the waters via
hydrophilic interactions. This encapsulated drug-carbon nanotube
molecule can be further applicable in other investigations in target
therapy with these agents regarding to reduce their potential toxic
effects.
Abstract: Recently, the advanced technologies that offer high
precision product, relative easy, economical process and also rapid
production are needed to realize the high demand of ultra precision
micro part. In our research, micromanufacturing based on soft
lithography and nanopowder injection molding was investigated. The
silicone metal pattern with ultra thick and high aspect ratio succeeds to
fabricate Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) micro mold. The process
followed by nanopowder injection molding (PIM) by a simple vacuum
hot press. The 17-4ph nanopowder with diameter of 100 nm, succeed
to be injected and it forms green sample microbearing with thickness,
microchannel and aspect ratio is 700μm, 60μm and 12, respectively.
Sintering process was done in 1200 C for 2 hours and heating rate
0.83oC/min. Since low powder load (45% PL) was applied to achieve
green sample fabrication, ~15% shrinkage happen in the 86% relative
density. Several improvements should be done to produce high
accuracy and full density sintered part.
Abstract: The distributions of stresses and deflection in
rectangular isotropic and orthotropic plates with central
circular hole under transverse static loading have been studied
using finite element method. The aim of author is to analyze
the effect of D/A ratio (where D is hole diameter and A is plate
width) upon stress concentration factor (SCF) and deflection
in isotropic and orthotropic plates under transverse static
loading. The D/A ratio is varied from 0.01 to 0.9. The analysis
is done for plates of isotropic and two different orthotropic
materials. The results are obtained for three different boundary
conditions. The variations of SCF and deflection with respect
to D/A ratio are presented in graphical form and discussed.
The finite element formulation is carried out in the analysis
section of the ANSYS package.
Abstract: Aligned and random nanofibrous scaffolds of PVA/PCL/nHA were fabricated by electrospinning method. The composite nanofibrous scaffolds were subjected to detailed analysis. Morphological investigations revealed that the prepared nanofibers have uniform morphology and the average fiber diameters of aligned and random scaffolds were 135.5 and 290 nm, respectively. The obtained scaffolds have a porous structure with porosity of 88 and 76% for random and aligned nanofibers, respectively. Furthermore, FTIR analysis demonstrated that there were strong intramolecular interactions between the molecules of PVA/PCL/nHA. On the other hand, mechanical characterizations show that aligning the nanofibers, could significantly improve the rigidity of the resultant biocomposite nanofibrous scaffolds.
Abstract: In the present work flow past circular cylinder and
cylinder with rectangular and triangular wake splitter is studied to
improve aerodynamic parameters. The Comparison of drag
coefficient is tabulated for bare cylinder, cylinder with rectangular
and triangular wake splitters. Flow past circular cylinder and cylinder
with triangular and rectangular wake splitter is performed at
Reynoldsnumber 5, 20, 40, 50,80, 100.An incompressible PISO finite
volume code employing a non-staggered grid arrangement is used, a
second order upwind scheme is used for convective terms. The time
discretization is implicit and a Second order Crank-Nicholson scheme
is employed. Length of wake splitter in both configurations is taken
to be equal to diameter of cylinder. Wake length is found to be less
with rectangular wake splitter when compared to bare cylinder and
cylinder with triangular wake splitter. Coefficient of drag is found to
be less for triangular wake splitter when compared to bare cylinder &
cylinder with rectangular wake splitter.
Abstract: A dynamic stall-corrected Blade Element-Momentum algorithm based on a hybrid polar is validated through the comparison with Sandia experimental measurements on a 5-m diameter wind turbine of Troposkien shape. Different dynamic stall models are evaluated. The numerical predictions obtained using the extended aerodynamic coefficients provided by both Sheldal and Klimas and Raciti Castelli et al. are compared to experimental data, determining the potential of the hybrid database for the numerical prediction of vertical-axis wind turbine performances.