Abstract: The LMS adaptive filter has several parameters which can affect their performance. From among these parameters, most papers handle the step size parameter for controlling the performance. In this paper, we approach three parameters: step-size, filter tap-size and filter form. The regression analysis is used for defining the relation between parameters and performance of LMS adaptive filter with using the system level simulation results. The results present that all parameters have performance trends in each own particular form, which can be estimated from equations drawn by regression analysis.
Abstract: In this paper, a new method of controlling position of AC Servomotor using Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). FPGA controller is used to generate direction and the number of pulses required to rotate for a given angle. Pulses are sent as a square wave, the number of pulses determines the angle of rotation and frequency of square wave determines the speed of rotation. The proposed control scheme has been realized using XILINX FPGA SPARTAN XC3S400 and tested using MUMA012PIS model Alternating Current (AC) servomotor. Experimental results show that the position of the AC Servo motor can be controlled effectively. KeywordsAlternating Current (AC), Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), Liquid Crystal Display (LCD).
Abstract: The purpose of study was to design and construction
the semi-automatic sliced ginger machine for reduce production times
in sheet and slice ginger procedure furthermore, reduced amount of
labor of slides and cutting method. Take consider into clean and safety of workers and consumers. The principle of machines, used 1
horsepower motor, rotation speed of sliced blade 967 rpm, the diameter of sliced dish 310 mm, consists of 2 blades for sheet cutting
ginger and the power from motor which transfer to rotate the sliced blade roller, rotation speed 440 rpm. The slice cutter roller was sliced
ginger from sheet ginger to line ginger. The conveyer could
adjustment level of motors, used to the beginning area that sheet
ginger was transference to the roller for sheet and sliced cutting in next process. The cover of sliced cutting had channel for 1 tuber of
ginger. The semi-automatic sliced ginger machine could produced sheet ginger 81.8 kg/h (6.2 times of labor) and line ginger 17.9 kg/h
(2.5 times of labor) compare with, labor work could produced sheet
ginger 13.2 kg/h and line ginger 7.1 kg/h, and when timekeeper, the
total times of semi auto machine 30.86 kg/h and labor 4.6 kg/h, there
for the semi auto machine was 6.7 times of labor. The semiautomatic
sliced ginger machine convenient, easy for use and
maintain, in addition to reduce fatigue of body and seriousness from
works; must be used high skill, and protection accident in slicing
procedure. Beside, machine could used with other vegetables for
example potato, carrot .etc
Abstract: Air conditioning is mainly to be used as human
comfort medium. It has been use more often in country in which the
daily temperatures are high. In scientific, air conditioning is defined
as a process of controlling the moisture, cooling, heating and cleaning
air. Without proper estimation of cooling load, big amount of waste
energy been used because of unsuitable of air conditioning system are
not considering to overcoming heat gains from surrounding. This is
due to the size of the room is too big and the air conditioning has to
use more energy to cool the room and the air conditioning is too
small for the room. The studies are basically to develop a program to
calculate cooling load. Through this study it is easy to calculate
cooling load estimation. Furthermore it-s help to compare the cooling
load estimation by hourly and yearly. Base on the last study that been
done, the developed software are not user-friendly. For individual
without proper knowledge of calculating cooling load estimation
might be problem. Easy excess and user-friendly should be the main
objective to design something. This program will allow cooling load
able be estimate by any users rather than estimation by using rule of
thumb. Several of limitation of case study is judged to sure it-s
meeting to Malaysia building specification. Finally validation is done
by comparison manual calculation and by developed program.
Abstract: The selection for plantation of a particular type of
mustard plant depending on its productivity (pod yield) at the stage
of maturity. The growth of mustard plant dependent on some
parameters of that plant, these are shoot length, number of leaves,
number of roots and roots length etc. As the plant is growing, some
leaves may be fall down and some new leaves may come, so it can
not gives the idea to develop the relationship with the seeds weight at
mature stage of that plant. It is not possible to find the number of
roots and root length of mustard plant at growing stage that will be
harmful of this plant as roots goes deeper to deeper inside the land.
Only the value of shoot length which increases in course of time can
be measured at different time instances. Weather parameters are
maximum and minimum humidity, rain fall, maximum and minimum
temperature may effect the growth of the plant. The parameters of
pollution, water, soil, distance and crop management may be
dominant factors of growth of plant and its productivity. Considering
all parameters, the growth of the plant is very uncertain, fuzzy
environment can be considered for the prediction of shoot length at
maturity of the plant. Fuzzification plays a greater role for
fuzzification of data, which is based on certain membership
functions. Here an effort has been made to fuzzify the original data
based on gaussian function, triangular function, s-function,
Trapezoidal and L –function. After that all fuzzified data are
defuzzified to get normal form. Finally the error analysis
(calculation of forecasting error and average error) indicates the
membership function appropriate for fuzzification of data and use to
predict the shoot length at maturity. The result is also verified using
residual (Absolute Residual, Maximum of Absolute Residual, Mean
Absolute Residual, Mean of Mean Absolute Residual, Median of
Absolute Residual and Standard Deviation) analysis.
Abstract: In this paper, an intelligent automatic parking control method is proposed. First, the dynamical equation of the rear parking control is derived. Then a fuzzy logic control is proposed to perform the parking planning process. Further, a rear neural network is proposed for the steering control. Through the simulations and experiments, the intelligent auto-parking mode controllers have been shown to achieve the demanded goals with satisfactory control performance and to guarantee the system robustness under parametric variations and external disturbances. To improve some shortcomings and limitations in conventional parking mode control and further to reduce consumption time and prime cost.
Abstract: In this paper we consider a nonlinear feedback control
called augmented automatic choosing control (AACC) for nonlinear
systems with constrained input using weighted gradient optimization
automatic choosing functions. Constant term which arises from
linearization of a given nonlinear system is treated as a coefficient of
a stable zero dynamics. Parameters of the control are suboptimally
selected by maximizing the stable region in the sense of Lyapunov
with the aid of a genetic algorithm. This approach is applied to a
field excitation control problem of power system to demonstrate the
splendidness of the AACC. Simulation results show that the new
controller can improve performance remarkably well.
Abstract: Researchers have been applying artificial/ computational intelligence (AI/CI) methods to computer games. In this research field, further researchesare required to compare AI/CI methods with respect to each game application. In thispaper, we report our experimental result on the comparison of evolution strategy, genetic algorithm and their hybrids, applied to evolving controller agents for MarioAI. GA revealed its advantage in our experiment, whereas the expected ability of ES in exploiting (fine-tuning) solutions was not clearly observed. The blend crossover operator and the mutation operator of GA might contribute well to explore the vast search space.
Abstract: In this paper, the structural genetic algorithm is used to optimize the neural network to control the joint movements of robotic arm. The robotic arm has also been modeled in 3D and simulated in real-time in MATLAB. It is found that Neural Networks provide a simple and effective way to control the robot tasks. Computer simulation examples are given to illustrate the significance of this method. By combining Genetic Algorithm optimization method and Neural Networks for the given robotic arm with 5 D.O.F. the obtained the results shown that the base joint movements overshooting time without controller was about 0.5 seconds, while with Neural Network controller (optimized with Genetic Algorithm) was about 0.2 seconds, and the population size of 150 gave best results.
Abstract: Markov games can be effectively used to design
controllers for nonlinear systems. The paper presents two novel
controller design algorithms by incorporating ideas from gametheory
literature that address safety and consistency issues of the
'learned' control strategy. A more widely used approach for
controller design is the H∞ optimal control, which suffers from high
computational demand and at times, may be infeasible. We generate
an optimal control policy for the agent (controller) via a simple
Linear Program enabling the controller to learn about the unknown
environment. The controller is facing an unknown environment and
in our formulation this environment corresponds to the behavior rules
of the noise modeled as the opponent. Proposed approaches aim to
achieve 'safe-consistent' and 'safe-universally consistent' controller
behavior by hybridizing 'min-max', 'fictitious play' and 'cautious
fictitious play' approaches drawn from game theory. We empirically
evaluate the approaches on a simulated Inverted Pendulum swing-up
task and compare its performance against standard Q learning.
Abstract: The general purpose processors that are used in
embedded systems must support constraints like execution time,
power consumption, code size and so on. On the other hand an
Application Specific Instruction-set Processor (ASIP) has advantages
in terms of power consumption, performance and flexibility. In this
paper, a 16-bit Application Specific Instruction-set processor for the
sensor data transfer is proposed. The designed processor architecture
consists of on-chip transmitter and receiver modules along with the
processing and controlling units to enable the data transmission and
reception on a single die. The data transfer is accomplished with less
number of instructions as compared with the general purpose
processor. The ASIP core operates at a maximum clock frequency of
1.132GHz with a delay of 0.883ns and consumes 569.63mW power
at an operating voltage of 1.2V. The ASIP is implemented in Verilog
HDL using the Xilinx platform on Virtex4.
Abstract: This paper presents a silicon controller rectifier (SCR)
based ESD protection circuit for IC. The proposed ESD protection
circuit has low trigger voltage and high holding voltage compared with
conventional SCR ESD protection circuit. Electrical characteristics of
the proposed ESD protection circuit are simulated and analyzed using
TCAD simulator. The proposed ESD protection circuit verified
effective low voltage ESD characteristics with low trigger voltage and
high holding voltage.
Abstract: In this paper, a novel adaptive fuzzy sliding mode
control method is proposed for the robust tracking control of robotic
manipulators. The proposed controller possesses the advantages of
adaptive control, fuzzy control, and sliding mode control. First, system
stability and robustness are guaranteed based on the sliding mode
control. Further, fuzzy rules are developed incorporating with
adaptation law to alleviate the input chattering effectively. Stability of
the control system is proven by using the Lyapunov method. An
application to a three-degree-of-freedom robotic manipulator is
carried out. Accurate trajectory tracking as well as robustness is
achieved. Input chattering is greatly eliminated.
Abstract: This paper presents the system identification by
physical-s law method and designs the controller for the Azimuth
Angle Control of the Platform of the Multi-Launcher Rocket System
(MLRS) by Root Locus technique. The plant mathematical model
was approximated using MATLAB for simulation and analyze the
system. The controller proposes the implementation of PID
Controller using Programmable Logic Control (PLC) for control the
plant. PID Controllers are widely applicable in industrial sectors and
can be set up easily and operate optimally for enhanced productivity,
improved quality and reduce maintenance requirement. The results
from simulation and experiments show that the proposed a PID
Controller to control the elevation angle that has superior control
performance by the setting time less than 12 sec, the rise time less
than 1.6 sec., and zero steady state. Furthermore, the system has a
high over shoot that will be continue development.
Abstract: As German companies roll out their standardized
production systems to offshore manufacturing plants, they face the
challenge of implementing them in different cultural environments.
Studies show that the local adaptation is one of the key factors for a
successful implementation. Thus the question arises of where the line
between standardization and adaptation can be drawn. To answer
this question the influence of culture on production systems is
analysed in this paper. The culturally contingent components of
production systems are identified. Also the contingency factors are
classified according to their impact on the necessary adaptation
changes and implementation effort. Culturally specific decision
making, coordination, communication and motivation patterns
require one-time changes in organizational and process design. The
attitude towards rules requires more intense coaching and controlling.
Lastly a framework is developed to depict standardization and
adaption needs when transplanting production systems into different
cultural environments.
Abstract: A number of previous studies were rarely considered
the effects of transient non-uniform balloon expansion on evaluation
of the properties and behaviors of stents during stent expansion, nor
did they determine parameters to maximize the performances driven
by mechanical characteristics. Therefore, in order to fully understand
the mechanical characteristics and behaviors of stent, it is necessary to
consider a realistic modeling of transient non-uniform balloon-stent
expansion. The aim of the study is to propose design parameters
capable of improving the ability of vascular stent through a
comparative study of seven commercial stents using finite element
analyses of a realistic transient non-uniform balloon-stent expansion
process. In this study, seven representative commercialized stents were
evaluated by finite element (FE) analysis in terms of the criteria based
on the itemized list of Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and
European Standards (prEN). The results indicate that using stents
composed of opened unit cells connected by bend-shaped link
structures and controlling the geometrical and morphological features
of the unit cell strut or the link structure at the distal ends of stent may
improve mechanical characteristics of stent. This study provides a
better method at the realistic transient non-uniform balloon-stent
expansion by investigating the characteristics, behaviors, and
parameters capable of improving the ability of vascular stent.
Abstract: One of the major causes of voltage instability is the reactive power limit of the system. Improving the system's reactive power handling capacity via Flexible AC transmission System (FACTS) devices is a remedy for prevention of voltage instability and hence voltage collapse. In this paper, the effects of SVC and STATCOM in Static Voltage Stability Margin Enhancement will be studied. AC and DC representations of SVC and STATCOM are used in the continuation power flow process in static voltage stability study. The IEEE-14 bus system is simulated to test the increasing loadability. It is found that these controllers significantly increase the loadability margin of power systems.
Abstract: This paper discusses the approach of real-time
controlling of the energy management system using the data
acquisition tool of LabVIEW. The main idea of this inspiration was
to interface the Station (PC) with the system and publish the data on
internet using LabVIEW. In this venture, controlling and switching of
3 phase AC loads are effectively and efficiently done. The phases are
also sensed through devices. In case of any failure the attached
generator starts functioning automatically. The computer sends
command to the system and system respond to the request. The
modern feature is to access and control the system world-wide using
world wide web (internet). This controlling can be done at any time
from anywhere to effectively use the energy especially in developing
countries where energy management is a big problem. In this system
totally integrated devices are used to operate via remote location.
Abstract: This paper describes a newly designed decentralized
nonlinear control strategy to control a robot manipulator. Based on the
concept of the nonlinear state feedback theory and decentralized
concept is developed to improve the drawbacks in previous works
concerned with complicate intelligent control and low cost effective
sensor. The control methodology is derived in the sense of Lyapunov
theorem so that the stability of the control system is guaranteed. The
decentralized algorithm does not require other joint angle and velocity
information. Individual Joint controller is implemented using a digital
processor with nearly actuator to make it possible to achieve good
dynamics and modular. Computer simulation result has been
conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme
under the occurrence of possible uncertainties and different reference
trajectories. The merit of the proposed control system is indicated in
comparison with a classical control system.
Abstract: Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT) has
been used as a common research tool for different neurological
disorders like Multiple Sclerosis. Recently, technology let
researchers to introduce a new versions of the visual test, the paced
visual serial addition test (PVSAT). In this paper, the computerized
version of these two tests is introduced. Beside the number of true
responses are interpreted, the reaction time of subjects are calculated
by the software. We hypothesize that paying attention to the reaction
time may be valuable. For this purpose, sixty eight female normal
subjects and fifty eight male normal subjects are enrolled in the
study. We investigate the similarity between the PASAT3 and
PVSAT3 in number of true responses and the new criterion (the
average reaction time of each subject). The similarity between two
tests were rejected (p-value = 0.000) which means that these two test
differ. The effect of sex in the tests were not approved since the pvalues
of different between PASAT3 and PVSAT3 in both sex is the
same (p-value = 0.000) which means that male and female subjects
performed the tests at no different level of performance. The new
criterion shows a negative correlation with the age which offers aged
normal subjects may have the same number of true responses as the
young subjects but they have latent responses. This will give prove
for the importance of reaction time.