Abstract: The development of the power electronics has allowed
increasing the precision and reliability of the electrical trainings,
thanks to the adjustable inverters, as the Pulse Wide Modulation
(PWM) five level inverters, which is the object of study in this
article.The authors treat the relation between the law order adopted for
a given system and the oscillations of the electrical and mechanical
parameters of which the tolerance depends on the process with which
they are integrated (paper factory, lifting of the heavy loads,
etc.).Thus the best choice of the regulation indexes allows us to
achieve stability and safety training without investment (management
of existing equipment).
Abstract: As is needless to say; a majority of accidents, which occur, are due to drunk driving. As such, there is no effective mechanism to prevent this. Here we have designed an integrated system for the same purpose. Alcohol content in the driver-s body is detected by means of an infrared breath analyzer placed at the steering wheel. An infrared cell directs infrared energy through the sample and any unabsorbed energy at the other side is detected. The higher the concentration of ethanol, the more infrared absorption occurs (in much the same way that a sunglass lens absorbs visible light, alcohol absorbs infrared light). Thus the alcohol level of the driver is continuously monitored and calibrated on a scale. When it exceeds a particular limit the fuel supply is cutoff. If the device is removed also, the fuel supply will be automatically cut off or an alarm is sounded depending upon the requirement. This does not happen abruptly and special indicators are fixed at the back to avoid inconvenience to other drivers using the highway signals. Frame work for integration of sensors and control module in a scalable multi-agent system is provided .A SMS which contains the current GPS location of the vehicle is sent via a GSM module to the police control room to alert the police. The system is foolproof and the driver cannot tamper with it easily. Thus it provides an effective and cost effective solution for the problem of drunk driving in vehicles.
Abstract: Charge Simulation Method (CSM) is one of the very widely used numerical field computation technique in High Voltage (HV) engineering. The high voltage fields of varying non uniformities are encountered in practice. CSM programs being case specific, the simulation accuracies heavily depend on the user (programmers) experience. Here is an effort to understand CSM errors and evolve some guidelines to setup accurate CSM models, relating non uniformities with assignment factors. The results are for the six-point-charge model of sphere-plane gap geometry. Using genetic algorithm (GA) as tool, optimum assignment factors at different non uniformity factors for this model have been evaluated and analyzed. It is shown that the symmetrically placed six-point-charge models can be good enough to set up CSM programs with potential errors less than 0.1% when the field non uniformity factor is greater than 2.64 (field utilization factor less than 52.76%).
Abstract: Single photon detectors have been fabricated NbN
nano wire. These detectors are fabricated from high quality, ultra
high vacuum sputtered NbN thin films on a sapphire substrate. In this
work a typical schematic of the nanowire Single Photon Detector
structure and then driving and measurement electronic circuit are
shown.
The response of superconducting nanowire single photon detectors
during a photo detection event, is modeled by a special electrical
circuits (two circuit).
Finally, current through the wire is calculated by solving
equations of models.
Abstract: Super-resolution is nowadays used for a high-resolution
image produced from several low-resolution noisy frames. In
this work, we consider the problem of high-quality interpolation of a
single noise-free image. Such images may come from different sources,
i.e., they may be frames of videos, individual pictures, etc. On
the other hand, in the encoder we apply a downsampling via
bidimen-sional interpolation of each frame, and in the decoder we
apply a upsampling by which we restore the original size of the
image. If the compression ratio is very high, then we use a
convolutive mask that restores the edges, eliminating the blur.
Finally, both, the encoder and the complete decoder are implemented
on General-Purpose computation on Graphics Processing Units
(GPGPU) cards. In fact, the mentioned mask is coded inside texture
memory of a GPGPU.
Abstract: This paper presents a simple method for estimation of
additional load as a factor of the existing load that may be drawn
before reaching the point of line maximum loadability of radial
distribution system (RDS) with different realistic load models at
different substation voltages. The proposed method involves a simple
line loadability index (LLI) that gives a measure of the proximity of
the present state of a line in the distribution system. The LLI can use
to assess voltage instability and the line loading margin. The
proposed method also compares with the existing method of
maximum loadability index [10]. The simulation results show that the
LLI can identify not only the weakest line/branch causing system
instability but also the system voltage collapse point when it is near
one. This feature enables us to set an index threshold to monitor and
predict system stability on-line so that a proper action can be taken to
prevent the system from collapse. To demonstrate the validity of the
proposed algorithm, computer simulations are carried out on two bus
and 69 bus RDS.
Abstract: This paper presents design, analysis and comparison of the different rotor type permanent magnet machines. The presented machines are designed as having same geometrical dimensions and same materials for comparison. The main machine parameters of interior and exterior rotor type machines including eddy current effect, torque-speed characteristics and magnetic analysis are investigated using MAXWELL program. With this program, the components of the permanent magnet machines can be calculated with high accuracy. Six types of Permanent machines are compared with respect to their topology, size, magnetic field, air gap flux, voltage, torque, loss and efficiency. The analysis results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed machines design methodology. We believe that, this study will be a helpful resource in terms of examination and comparison of the basic structure and magnetic features of the PM (Permanent magnet) machines which have different rotor structure.
Abstract: Speech enhancement is the process of eliminating
noise and increasing the quality of a speech signal, which is
contaminated with other kinds of distortions. This paper is on
developing an optimum cascaded system for speech enhancement.
This aim is attained without diminishing any relevant speech
information and without much computational and time complexity.
LMS algorithm, Spectral Subtraction and Kalman filter have been
deployed as the main de-noising algorithms in this work. Since these
algorithms suffer from respective shortcomings, this work has been
undertaken to design cascaded systems in different combinations and
the evaluation of such cascades by qualitative (listening) and
quantitative (SNR) tests.
Abstract: An image compression method has been developed
using fuzzy edge image utilizing the basic Block Truncation Coding
(BTC) algorithm. The fuzzy edge image has been validated with
classical edge detectors on the basis of the results of the well-known
Canny edge detector prior to applying to the proposed method. The
bit plane generated by the conventional BTC method is replaced with
the fuzzy bit plane generated by the logical OR operation between
the fuzzy edge image and the corresponding conventional BTC bit
plane. The input image is encoded with the block mean and standard
deviation and the fuzzy bit plane. The proposed method has been
tested with test images of 8 bits/pixel and size 512×512 and found to
be superior with better Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) when
compared to the conventional BTC, and adaptive bit plane selection
BTC (ABTC) methods. The raggedness and jagged appearance, and
the ringing artifacts at sharp edges are greatly reduced in
reconstructed images by the proposed method with the fuzzy bit
plane.
Abstract: To help overcome limits to the density of conventional SRAMs and leakage current of SRAM cell in nanoscaled CMOS technology, we have developed a four-transistor SRAM cell. The newly developed CMOS four-transistor SRAM cell uses one word-line and one bit-line during read/write operation. This cell retains its data with leakage current and positive feedback without refresh cycle. The new cell size is 19% smaller than a conventional six-transistor cell using same design rules. Also the leakage current of new cell is 60% smaller than a conventional sixtransistor SRAM cell. Simulation result in 65nm CMOS technology shows new cell has correct operation during read/write operation and idle mode.
Abstract: Analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) has become a
popular non-invasive tool for assessing the activities of autonomic
nervous system. Most of the methods were hired from techniques
used for time series analysis. Currently used methods are time
domain, frequency domain, geometrical and fractal methods. A new
technique, which searches for pattern repeatability in a time series, is
proposed for quantifying heart rate (HR) time series. These set of
indices, which are termed as pattern repeatability measure and
pattern repeatability ratio are able to distinguish HR data clearly
from noise and electroencephalogram (EEG). The results of analysis
using these measures give an insight into the fundamental difference
between the composition of HR time series with respect to EEG and
noise.
Abstract: In today scenario, to meet enhanced demand imposed
by domestic, commercial and industrial consumers, various
operational & control activities of Radial Distribution Network
(RDN) requires a focused attention. Irrespective of sub-domains
research aspects of RDN like network reconfiguration, reactive
power compensation and economic load scheduling etc, network
performance parameters are usually estimated by an iterative process
and is commonly known as load (power) flow algorithm. In this
paper, a simple mechanism is presented to implement the load flow
analysis (LFA) algorithm. The reported algorithm utilizes graph
theory principles and is tested on a 69- bus RDN.
Abstract: In this paper we introduce an ultra low power CMOS
LC oscillator and analyze a method to design a low power low phase
noise complementary CMOS LC oscillator. A 1.8GHz oscillator is
designed based on this analysis. The circuit has power supply equal
to 1.1 V and dissipates 0.17 mW power. The oscillator is also
optimized for low phase noise behavior. The oscillator phase noise is
-126.2 dBc/Hz and -144.4 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz and 8 MHz offset
respectively.
Abstract: In this paper, an optimal design of linear phase digital
high pass finite impulse response (FIR) filter using Particle Swarm
Optimization with Constriction Factor and Inertia Weight Approach
(PSO-CFIWA) has been presented. In the design process, the filter
length, pass band and stop band frequencies, feasible pass band and
stop band ripple sizes are specified. FIR filter design is a multi-modal
optimization problem. The conventional gradient based optimization
techniques are not efficient for digital filter design. Given the filter
specifications to be realized, the PSO-CFIWA algorithm generates a
set of optimal filter coefficients and tries to meet the ideal frequency
response characteristic. In this paper, for the given problem, the
designs of the optimal FIR high pass filters of different orders have
been performed. The simulation results have been compared to those
obtained by the well accepted algorithms such as Parks and
McClellan algorithm (PM), genetic algorithm (GA). The results
justify that the proposed optimal filter design approach using PSOCFIWA
outperforms PM and GA, not only in the accuracy of the
designed filter but also in the convergence speed and solution
quality.
Abstract: In neural networks, when new patterns are learned by a network, the new information radically interferes with previously stored patterns. This drawback is called catastrophic forgetting or catastrophic interference. In this paper, we propose a biologically inspired neural network model which overcomes this problem. The proposed model consists of two distinct networks: one is a Hopfield type of chaotic associative memory and the other is a multilayer neural network. We consider that these networks correspond to the hippocampus and the neocortex of the brain, respectively. Information given is firstly stored in the hippocampal network with fast learning algorithm. Then the stored information is recalled by chaotic behavior of each neuron in the hippocampal network. Finally, it is consolidated in the neocortical network by using pseudopatterns. Computer simulation results show that the proposed model has much better ability to avoid catastrophic forgetting in comparison with conventional models.
Abstract: This paper deals with tracking and estimating time delay between two signals. The simulation of this algorithm accomplished by using Mathcad package is carried out. The algorithm we will present adaptively controls and tracking the delay, so as to minimize the mean square of this error. Thus the algorithm in this case has task not only of seeking the minimum point of error but also of tracking the change of position, leading to a significant improving of performance. The flowchart of the algorithm is presented as well as several tests of different cases are carried out.
Abstract: We proposed a new class of asymmetric turbo encoder for 3G systems that performs well in both “water fall" and “error floor" regions in [7]. In this paper, a modified (optimal) power allocation scheme for the different bits of new class of asymmetric turbo encoder has been investigated to enhance the performance. The simulation results and performance bound for proposed asymmetric turbo code with modified Unequal Power Allocation (UPA) scheme for the frame length, N=400, code rate, r=1/3 with Log-MAP decoder over Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel are obtained and compared with the system with typical UPA and without UPA. The performance tests are extended over AWGN channel for different frame size to verify the possibility of implementation of the modified UPA scheme for the proposed asymmetric turbo code. From the performance results, it is observed that the proposed asymmetric turbo code with modified UPA performs better than the system without UPA and with typical UPA and it provides a coding gain of 0.4 to 0.52dB.
Abstract: In this paper, we proposed an invention of an
accessory into a communication device that will help humans to be
connected universally. Generally, this device will be made up of
crystal and will combine many technologies that will enable the user
to run various applications and software anywhere and everywhere.
Bringing up the concept of from being user friendly, we had used the
crystal as the main material of the device that will trap the
surrounding lights to produce projection of its screen. This leads to a
lesser energy consumption and allows smaller sized battery to be
used, making the device less bulky. Additionally, we proposed the
usage of micro batteries as our energy source. Thus, researches
regarding crystal were made along with explanations in details of
specification and function of the technology used in the device.
Finally, we had also drawn several views of the invention from
different sides to be visualized.
Abstract: Accurate modeling of high speed RLC interconnects
has become a necessity to address signal integrity issues in current
VLSI design. To accurately model a dispersive system of interconnects
at higher frequencies; a full-wave analysis is required.
However, conventional circuit simulation of interconnects with full
wave models is extremely CPU expensive. We present an algorithm
for reducing large VLSI circuits to much smaller ones with similar
input-output behavior. A key feature of our method, called Frequency
Shift Technique, is that it is capable of reducing linear time-varying
systems. This enables it to capture frequency-translation and sampling
behavior, important in communication subsystems such as mixers,
RF components and switched-capacitor filters. Reduction is obtained
by projecting the original system described by linear differential
equations into a lower dimension. Experiments have been carried out
using Cadence Design Simulator cwhich indicates that the proposed
technique achieves more % reduction with less CPU time than the
other model order reduction techniques existing in literature. We
also present applications to RF circuit subsystems, obtaining size
reductions and evaluation speedups of orders of magnitude with
insignificant loss of accuracy.
Abstract: This study is concerned with pH solution detection
using 2 × 4 flexible sensor array based on a plastic polyethylene
terephthalate (PET) substrate that is coated a conductive layer and a
ruthenium dioxide (RuO2) sensitive membrane with the technologies
of screen-printing and RF sputtering. For data analysis, we also
prepared a dynamic measurement system for acquiring the response
voltage and analyzing the characteristics of the working electrodes
(WEs), such as sensitivity and linearity. In this condition, an array
measurement system was designed to acquire the original signal from
sensor array, and it is based on the method of digital signal processing
(DSP). The DSP modifies the unstable acquisition data to a direct
current (DC) output using the technique of digital filter. Hence, this
sensor array can obtain a satisfactory yield, 62.5%, through the design
measurement and analysis system in our laboratory.