Abstract: As wind, solar and other clean and green energy
sources gain popularity worldwide, engineers are seeking ways to
make renewable energy systems more affordable and to integrate
them with existing ac power grids. In the present paper an attempt
has been made for integrating the PV arrays to the smart nano grid
using an artificial intelligent (AI) based solar powered cascade multilevel
inverter. The AI based controller switching scheme has been
used for improving the power quality by reducing the Total Harmonic
Distortion (THD) of the multi-level inverter output voltage.
Abstract: In this paper a new maximum power point tracking
algorithm for photovoltaic arrays is proposed. The algorithm detects
the maximum power point of the PV. The computed maximum
power is used as a reference value (set point) of the control system.
ON/OFF power controller with hysteresis band is used to control the
operation of a Buck chopper such that the PV module always
operates at its maximum power computed from the MPPT algorithm.
The major difference between the proposed algorithm and other
techniques is that the proposed algorithm is used to control directly
the power drawn from the PV.
The proposed MPPT has several advantages: simplicity, high
convergence speed, and independent on PV array characteristics. The
algorithm is tested under various operating conditions. The obtained
results have proven that the MPP is tracked even under sudden
change of irradiation level.
Abstract: Solar energy has a major role in renewable energy
resources. Solar Cell as a basement of solar system has attracted lots
of research. To conduct a study about solar energy system, an
authenticated model is required. Diode base PV models are widely
used by researchers. These models are classified based on the number
of diodes used in them. Single and two-diode models are well
studied. Single-diode models may have two, three or four elements.
In this study, these solar cell models are examined and the simulation
results are compared to each other. All PV models are re-designed in
the Matlab/Simulink software and they examined by certain test
conditions and parameters. This paper provides comparative studies
of these models and it tries to compare the simulation results with
manufacturer-s data sheet to investigate model validity and accuracy.
The results show a four- element single-diode model is accurate and
has moderate complexity in contrast to the two-diode model with
higher complexity and accuracy
Abstract: In this paper we propose the study of a centrifugal pump control system driven by a three-phase induction motor, which is supplied by a PhotoVoltaic PV generator. The system includes solar panel, a DC / DC converter equipped with its MPPT control, a voltage inverter to three-phase Pulse Width Modulation - PWM and a centrifugal pump driven by a three phase induction motor. In order to control the flow of the centrifugal pump, a Direct Torque Control - DTC of the induction machine is used. To illustrate the performances of the control, simulation results are carried out using Matlab/Simulink.
Abstract: Solid dispersions (SD) of curcuminpolyvinylpyrrolidone
in the ratio of 1:2, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, and 1:8 were
prepared in an attempt to increase the solubility and dissolution.
Solubility, dissolution, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential
scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared
spectroscopy (FTIR) of solid dispersions, physical mixtures (PM)
and curcumin were evaluated. Both solubility and dissolution of
curcumin solid dispersions were significantly greater than those
observed for physical mixtures and intact curcumin. The powder
X-ray diffractograms indicated that the amorphous curcumin was
obtained from all solid dispersions. It was found that the optimum
weight ratio for curcumin:PVP K-30 is 1:6. The 1:6 solid dispersion
still in the amorphous from after storage at ambient temperature for 2
years and the dissolution profile did not significantly different from
freshly prepared.
Abstract: The purpose of this study is to derive parameters
estimating for the Lyman–Kutcher–Burman (LKB) normal tissue
complication probability (NTCP) model using analysis of scintigraphy
assessments and quality of life (QoL) measurement questionnaires for
the parotid gland (xerostomia). In total, 31 patients with
head-and-neck (HN) cancer were enrolled. Salivary excretion factor
(SEF) and EORTC QLQ-H&N35 questionnaires datasets are used for
the NTCP modeling to describe the incidence of grade 4 xerostomia.
Assuming that n= 1, NTCP fitted parameters are given as TD50= 43.6
Gy, m= 0.18 in SEF analysis, and as TD50= 44.1 Gy, m= 0.11 in QoL
measurements, respectively. SEF and QoL datasets can validate the
Quantitative Analyses of Normal Tissue Effects in the Clinic
(QUANTEC) guidelines well, resulting in NPV-s of 100% for the both
datasets and suggests that the QUANTEC 25/20Gy gland-spared
guidelines are suitable for clinical used for the HN cohort to
effectively avoid xerostomia.
Abstract: System identification is the process of creating
models of dynamic process from input- output signals. The aim of
system identification can be identified as “ to find a model with
adjustable parameters and then to adjust them so that the predicted
output matches the measured output". This paper presents a method
of modeling and simulating with system identification to achieve the
maximum fitness for transformation function. First by using
optimized KLM equivalent circuit for PVDF piezoelectric transducer
and assuming different inputs including: sinuside, step and sum of
sinusides, get the outputs, then by using system identification
toolbox in MATLAB, we estimate the transformation function from
inputs and outputs resulted in last program. Then compare the fitness
of transformation function resulted from using ARX,OE(Output-
Error) and BJ(Box-Jenkins) models in system identification toolbox
and primary transformation function form KLM equivalent circuit.
Abstract: This paper describes a new supervised fusion (hybrid)
electrocardiogram (ECG) classification solution consisting of a new
QRS complex geometrical feature extraction as well as a new version
of the learning vector quantization (LVQ) classification algorithm
aimed for overcoming the stability-plasticity dilemma. Toward this
objective, after detection and delineation of the major events of ECG
signal via an appropriate algorithm, each QRS region and also its
corresponding discrete wavelet transform (DWT) are supposed as
virtual images and each of them is divided into eight polar sectors.
Then, the curve length of each excerpted segment is calculated
and is used as the element of the feature space. To increase the
robustness of the proposed classification algorithm versus noise,
artifacts and arrhythmic outliers, a fusion structure consisting of
five different classifiers namely as Support Vector Machine (SVM),
Modified Learning Vector Quantization (MLVQ) and three Multi
Layer Perceptron-Back Propagation (MLP–BP) neural networks with
different topologies were designed and implemented. The new proposed
algorithm was applied to all 48 MIT–BIH Arrhythmia Database
records (within–record analysis) and the discrimination power of the
classifier in isolation of different beat types of each record was
assessed and as the result, the average accuracy value Acc=98.51%
was obtained. Also, the proposed method was applied to 6 number
of arrhythmias (Normal, LBBB, RBBB, PVC, APB, PB) belonging
to 20 different records of the aforementioned database (between–
record analysis) and the average value of Acc=95.6% was achieved.
To evaluate performance quality of the new proposed hybrid learning
machine, the obtained results were compared with similar peer–
reviewed studies in this area.
Abstract: Estimation of voltage stability based on optimal
filtering method is presented. PV curve is used as a tool for voltage stability analysis. Dynamic voltage stability estimation is done by
using particle filter method. Optimum value (nose point) of PV curve can be estimated by estimating parameter of PV curve equation
optimal value represents critical voltage and
condition at specified point of measurement. Voltage stability is then estimated by analyzing loading margin condition c stimating equation. This
maximum loading
ecified dynamically.
Abstract: The utilization of renewable energy sources in electric
power systems is increasing quickly because of public apprehensions
for unpleasant environmental impacts and increase in the energy
costs involved with the use of conventional energy sources. Despite
the application of these energy sources can considerably diminish the
system fuel costs, they can also have significant influence on the
system reliability. Therefore an appropriate combination of the
system reliability indices level and capital investment costs of system
is vital. This paper presents a hybrid wind/photovoltaic plant, with
the aim of supplying IEEE reliability test system load pattern while
the plant capital investment costs is minimized by applying a hybrid
particle swarm optimization (PSO) / harmony search (HS) approach,
and the system fulfills the appropriate level of reliability.
Abstract: Hydrogen that used as fuel in fuel cell vehicles can be
produced from renewable sources such as wind, solar, and hydro
technologies. PV-electrolyzer is one of the promising methods to
produce hydrogen with zero pollution emission. Hydrogen
production from a PV-electrolyzer system depends on the efficiency
of the electrolyzer and photovoltaic array, and sun irradiance at that
site. In this study, the amount of hydrogen is obtained using
mathematical equations for difference driving distance and sun peak
hours. The results show that the minimum of 99 PV modules are used
to generate 1.75 kgH2 per day for two vehicles.
Abstract: Ultra-low-power (ULP) circuits have received
widespread attention due to the rapid growth of biomedical
applications and Battery-less Electronics. Subthreshold region of
transistor operation is used in ULP circuits. Major research challenge
in the subthreshold operating region is to extract the ULP benefits
with minimal degradation in speed and robustness. Process, Voltage
and Temperature (PVT) variations significantly affect the
performance of subthreshold circuits. Designed performance
parameters of ULP circuits may vary largely due to temperature
variations. Hence, this paper investigates the effect of temperature
variation on device and circuit performance parameters at different
biasing voltages in the subthreshold region. Simulation results clearly
demonstrate that in deep subthreshold and near threshold voltage
regions, performance parameters are significantly affected whereas in
moderate subthreshold region, subthreshold circuits are more
immune to temperature variations. This establishes that moderate
subthreshold region is ideal for temperature immune circuits.
Abstract: Malware is software which was invented and meant for doing harms on computers. Malware is becoming a significant threat in computer network nowadays. Malware attack is not just only involving financial lost but it can also cause fatal errors which may cost lives in some cases. As new Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) emerged, many people believe this protocol could solve most malware propagation issues due to its broader addressing scheme. As IPv6 is still new compares to native IPv4, some transition mechanisms have been introduced to promote smoother migration. Unfortunately, these transition mechanisms allow some malwares to propagate its attack from IPv4 to IPv6 network environment. In this paper, a proof of concept shall be presented in order to show that some existing IPv4 malware detection technique need to be improvised in order to detect malware attack in dual-stack network more efficiently. A testbed of dual-stack network environment has been deployed and some genuine malware have been released to observe their behaviors. The results between these different scenarios will be analyzed and discussed further in term of their behaviors and propagation methods. The results show that malware behave differently on IPv6 from the IPv4 network protocol on the dual-stack network environment. A new detection technique is called for in order to cater this problem in the near future.
Abstract: Highly ordered TiO2 nanotube (TNT) arrays were
fabricated onto a pre-treated titanium foil by anodic oxidation with a
voltage of 20V in phosphoric acid/sodium fluoride electrolyte. A pretreatment
of titanium foil involved washing with acetone,
isopropanol, ethanol and deionized water. Carbon doped TiO2
nanotubes (C-TNT) was fabricated 'in-situ' with the same method in
the presence of polyvinyl alcohol and urea as carbon sources. The
affects of polyvinyl alcohol concentration and oxidation time on the
composition, morphology and structure of the C-TN were studied by
FE-SEM, EDX and XRD techniques. FESEM images of the
nanotubes showed uniform arrays of C-TNTs. The density and
microstructures of the nanotubes were greatly affected by the content
of PVA. The introduction of the polyvinyl alcohol into the electrolyte
increases the amount of C content inside TiO2 nanotube arrays
uniformly. The influence of carbon content on the photo-current of
C-TNT was investigated and the I-V profiles of the nanotubes were
established. The preliminary results indicated that the 'in-situ'
doping technique produced a superior quality nanotubes compared to
post doping techniques.
Abstract: ECG analysis method was developed using ROC
analysis of PVC detecting algorithm. ECG signal of MIT-BIH
arrhythmia database was analyzed by MATLAB. First of all, the
baseline was removed by median filter to preprocess the ECG signal.
R peaks were detected for ECG analysis method, and normal VCG
was extracted for VCG analysis method. Four PVC detecting
algorithm was analyzed by ROC curve, which parameters are
maximum amplitude of QRS complex, width of QRS complex, r-r
interval and geometric mean of VCG. To set cut-off value of
parameters, ROC curve was estimated by true-positive rate
(sensitivity) and false-positive rate. sensitivity and false negative rate
(specificity) of ROC curve calculated, and ECG was analyzed using
cut-off value which was estimated from ROC curve. As a result, PVC
detecting algorithm of VCG geometric mean have high availability,
and PVC could be detected more accurately with amplitude and width
of QRS complex.
Abstract: In this research sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) was introduced to generate carbon dioxide gas (CO2) to the existing nitrogen gas (N2) of elastomeric foam, to lower thermal conductivity (K). Various loadings of NaHCO3 (0 to 60 phr) were added into the azodicarbonamide (AZC)-containing compound and its properties were then determined. Two vulcanization methods, i.e., hot air and infrared (IR), were employed and compared in this study. Results revealed that compound viscosity tended to increase slightly with increasing NaHCO3 content but cure time was delayed. The effect of NaHCO3 content on thermal conductivity depended on the vulcanization method. For hot air method, the thermal conductivity was insignificantly changed with increasing NaHCO3 up to 40 phr whereas it tended to decrease gradually for IR method. At higher NaHCO3 content (60 phr), unexpected increase of thermal conductivity was observed. The water absorption was also determined and foam structures were then used to explain the results.
Abstract: This paper is to develop a fuzzy net present value (FNPV) method by taking vague cash flow and imprecise required rate of return into account for evaluating the value of the Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) sport facilities. In order to clearly manifest a more realistic capital budgeting model based on the classical net present value (NPV) method, some uncertain financial elements in NPV formula will be fuzzified as triangular fuzzy numbers. Through the conscientious manipulation of fuzzy set theory, we will find that the proposed FNPV model is a more explicit extension of classical (crisp) model and could be more practicable for the financial managers to capture the essence of capital budgeting of sport facilities than non-fuzzy model.
Abstract: In this paper, to resolve the problem of existing
schemes, an alternative fast handover Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6)
scheme using the IEEE 802.21 Media Independent Handover (MIH)
function is proposed for heterogeneous wireless networks. The proposed
scheme comes to support fast handover for the mobile node
(MN) irrespective of the presence or absence of MIH functionality
as well as L3 mobility functionality, whereas the MN in existing
schemes has to implement MIH functionality. That is, the proposed
scheme does not require the MN to be involved in MIH related signaling
required for handover procedure. The base station (BS) with MIH
functionality performs handover on behalf of the MN. Therefore, the
proposed scheme can reduce burden and power consumption of MNs
with limited resource and battery power since MNs are not required
to be involved for the handover procedure. In addition, the proposed
scheme can reduce considerably traffic overhead over wireless links
between MN and BS since signaling messages are reduced.
Abstract: IETF defines mobility support in IPv6, i.e. MIPv6, to
allow nodes to remain reachable while moving around in the IPv6
internet. When a node moves and visits a foreign network, it is still
reachable through the indirect packet forwarding from its home
network. This triangular routing feature provides node mobility but
increases the communication latency between nodes. This deficiency
can be overcome by using a Binding Update (BU) scheme, which let
nodes keep up-to-date IP addresses and communicate with each other
through direct IP routing. To further protect the security of BU, a
Return Routability (RR) procedure was developed. However, it has
been found that RR procedure is vulnerable to many attacks. In this
paper, we will propose a lightweight RR procedure based on
geometric computing. In consideration of the inherent limitation of
computing resources in mobile node, the proposed scheme is
developed to minimize the cost of computations and to eliminate the
overhead of state maintenance during binding updates. Compared with
other CGA-based BU schemes, our scheme is more efficient and
doesn-t need nonce tables in nodes.
Abstract: The current education system in India is adept in
equipping and assessing the scholastic development of children.
However, there is an immediate need to strengthen co-scholastic
areas like life-skills, values and attitudes to equip students to face real
life challenges. Audio-visual technology and their respective media
can make a significant contribution to a value based learning
curriculum. Thus, co-scholastic skills need to be effectively nurtured
by a medium that is entertaining and impactful. Films in general have
a tremendous impact in our society. Films with a positive message
make a formidable learning experience that can influence and inspire
generations of learners. Leveraging on this powerful medium,
EduMedia India Pvt. Ltd. has introduced School Cinema a well
researched film-based learning module supported by a fun and
exciting workbook, designed to introduce and reaffirm life-skills and
values to children, thereby having a positive influence on their
attitudes.