Abstract: In this paper the behavior of fixed series compensated
extra high voltage transmission lines during faults is simulated. Many
over-voltage protection schemes for series capacitors are limited in
terms of size and performance, and are easily affected by
environmental conditions. While the need for more compact and
environmentally robust equipment is required. use of series
capacitors for compensating part of the inductive reactance of long
transmission lines increases the power transmission capacity.
Emphasis is given on the impact of modern capacitor protection
techniques (MOV protection). The simulation study is performed
using MATLAB/SIMULINK®and results are given for a three phase
and a single phase to ground fault.
Abstract: In this study we investigate silica nanoparticle (SiO2- NP) effects on the structure and phase properties of supported lipid monolayers and bilayers, coupling surface pressure measurements, fluorescence microscopy and atomic force microscopy. SiO2-NPs typically in size range of 10nm to 100 nm in diameter are tested. Our results suggest first that lipid molecules organization depends to their nature. Secondly, lipid molecules in the vinicity of big aggregates nanoparticles organize in liquid condensed phase whereas small aggregates are localized in both fluid liquid-expanded (LE) and liquid-condenced (LC). We demonstrated also by atomic force microscopy that by measuring friction forces it is possible to get information as if nanoparticle aggregates are recovered or not by lipid monolayers and bilayers.
Abstract: This paper introduces an adiabatic register file based
on two-phase CPAL (Complementary Pass-Transistor Adiabatic
Logic circuits) with power-gating scheme, which can operate on a
single-phase power clock. A 32×32 single-phase adiabatic register file
with power-gating scheme has been implemented with TSMC 0.18μm
CMOS technology. All the circuits except for the storage cells employ
two-phase CPAL circuits, and the storage cell is based on the
conventional memory one. The two-phase non-overlap power-clock
generator with power-gating scheme is used to supply the proposed
adiabatic register file. Full-custom layouts are drawn. The energy and
functional simulations have been performed using the net-list
extracted from their layouts. Compared with the traditional static
CMOS register file, HSPICE simulations show that the proposed
adiabatic register file can work very well, and it attains about 73%
energy savings at 100 MHz.
Abstract: In this paper, a new approach for target recognition based on the Empirical mode decomposition (EMD) algorithm of Huang etal. [11] and the energy tracking operator of Teager [13]-[14] is introduced. The conjunction of these two methods is called Teager-Huang analysis. This approach is well suited for nonstationary signals analysis. The impulse response (IR) of target is first band pass filtered into subsignals (components) called Intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) with well defined Instantaneous frequency (IF) and Instantaneous amplitude (IA). Each IMF is a zero-mean AM-FM component. In second step, the energy of each IMF is tracked using the Teager energy operator (TEO). IF and IA, useful to describe the time-varying characteristics of the signal, are estimated using the Energy separation algorithm (ESA) algorithm of Maragos et al .[16]-[17]. In third step, a set of features such as skewness and kurtosis are extracted from the IF, IA and IMF energy functions. The Teager-Huang analysis is tested on set of synthetic IRs of Sonar targets with different physical characteristics (density, velocity, shape,? ). PCA is first applied to features to discriminate between manufactured and natural targets. The manufactured patterns are classified into spheres and cylinders. One hundred percent of correct recognition is achieved with twenty three echoes where sixteen IRs, used for training, are free noise and seven IRs, used for testing phase, are corrupted with white Gaussian noise.
Abstract: Coverage is one of the main research interests in wireless sensor networks (WSN), it is used to determine the quality of service (QoS) of the networks. Therefore this paper aims to review the common strategies use in solving coverage problem in WSN. The strategies studied are used during deployment phase where the coverage is calculated based on the placement of the sensors on the region of interest (ROI). The strategies reviewed are categorized into three groups based on the approaches used, namely; force based, grid based or computational geometry based approach.
Abstract: The designing of charge pump with high gain Op-
Amp is a challenging task for getting faithful response .Design of
high performance phase locked loop require ,a design of high
performance charge pump .We have designed a operational amplifier
for reducing the error caused by high speed glitch in a transistor and
mismatch currents . A separate Op-Amp has designed in 180 nm
CMOS technology by CADENCE VIRTUOSO tool. This paper
describes the design of high performance charge pump for GHz
CMOS PLL targeting orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
(OFDM) application. A high speed low power consumption Op-Amp
with more than 500 MHz bandwidth has designed for increasing the
speed of charge pump in Phase locked loop.
Abstract: Feeder is one of the airships of the Multibody Advanced Airship for Transport (MAAT) system, under development within the EU FP7 project. MAAT is based on a modular concept composed of two different parts that have the possibility to join; respectively they are the so-called Cruiser and Feeder, designed on the lighter than air principle. Feeder, also named ATEN (Airship Transport Elevator Network), is the smaller one which joins the bigger one, Cruiser, also named PTAH (Photovoltaic modular Transport Airship for High altitude),envisaged to happen at 15km altitude. During the MAAT design phase, the aerodynamic studies of the both airships and their interactions are analyzed. The objective of these studies is to understand the aerodynamic behavior of all the preselected configurations, as an important element in the overall MAAT system design. The most of these configurations are only simulated by CFD, while the most feasible one is experimentally analyzed in order to validate and thrust the CFD predictions. This paper presents the numerical and experimental investigation of the Feeder “conical like" shape configuration. The experiments are focused on the aerodynamic force coefficients and the pressure distribution over the Feeder outer surface, while the numerical simulation cover also the analysis of the velocity and pressure distribution. Finally, the wind tunnel experiment is compared with its CFD model in order to validate such specific simulations with respective experiments and to better understand the difference between the wind tunnel and in-flight circumstances.
Abstract: Response surface methodology (RSM) is a very
efficient tool to provide a good practical insight into developing new
process and optimizing them. This methodology could help
engineers to raise a mathematical model to represent the behavior of
system as a convincing function of process parameters.
Through this paper the sequential nature of the RSM surveyed for process
engineers and its relationship to design of experiments (DOE), regression
analysis and robust design reviewed. The proposed four-step procedure in
two different phases could help system analyst to resolve the parameter
design problem involving responses. In order to check accuracy of the
designed model, residual analysis and prediction error sum of squares
(PRESS) described.
It is believed that the proposed procedure in this study can resolve a
complex parameter design problem with one or more responses. It can be
applied to those areas where there are large data sets and a number of
responses are to be optimized simultaneously. In addition, the proposed
procedure is relatively simple and can be implemented easily by using
ready-made standard statistical packages.
Abstract: Oxygen transfer, the process by which oxygen is
transferred from the gaseous to liquid phase, is a vital part of the
waste water treatment process. Because of low solubility of
oxygen and consequent low rate of oxygen transfer, sufficient
oxygen to meet the requirement of aerobic waste does not enter
through normal surface air water interface. Many theories have
come up in explaining the mechanism of gas transfer and
absorption of non-reacting gases in a liquid, of out of which, Two
film theory is important. An exiting mathematical model
determines approximate value of Overall Gas Transfer coefficient.
The Overall Gas Transfer coefficient, in case of Penetration theory,
is 1.13 time more than that obtained in case of Two film theory.
The difference is due to the difference in assumptions in the two
theories.
The paper aims at development of mathematical model which
determines the value of Overall Gas Transfer coefficient with
greater accuracy than the existing model.
Abstract: Array signal processing involves signal enumeration and source localization. Array signal processing is centered on the ability to fuse temporal and spatial information captured via sampling signals emitted from a number of sources at the sensors of an array in order to carry out a specific estimation task: source characteristics (mainly localization of the sources) and/or array characteristics (mainly array geometry) estimation. Array signal processing is a part of signal processing that uses sensors organized in patterns or arrays, to detect signals and to determine information about them. Beamforming is a general signal processing technique used to control the directionality of the reception or transmission of a signal. Using Beamforming we can direct the majority of signal energy we receive from a group of array. Multiple signal classification (MUSIC) is a highly popular eigenstructure-based estimation method of direction of arrival (DOA) with high resolution. This Paper enumerates the effect of missing sensors in DOA estimation. The accuracy of the MUSIC-based DOA estimation is degraded significantly both by the effects of the missing sensors among the receiving array elements and the unequal channel gain and phase errors of the receiver.
Abstract: The explosive growth of World Wide Web has posed
a challenging problem in extracting relevant data. Traditional web
crawlers focus only on the surface web while the deep web keeps
expanding behind the scene. Deep web pages are created
dynamically as a result of queries posed to specific web databases.
The structure of the deep web pages makes it impossible for
traditional web crawlers to access deep web contents. This paper,
Deep iCrawl, gives a novel and vision-based approach for extracting
data from the deep web. Deep iCrawl splits the process into two
phases. The first phase includes Query analysis and Query translation
and the second covers vision-based extraction of data from the
dynamically created deep web pages. There are several established
approaches for the extraction of deep web pages but the proposed
method aims at overcoming the inherent limitations of the former.
This paper also aims at comparing the data items and presenting them
in the required order.
Abstract: Copper sulfide nanoparticles (CuS) were successfully synthesized by the pulsed plasma in liquid method, using two copper rod electrodes submerged in molten sulfur. Low electrical energy and no high temperature were applied for synthesis. Obtained CuS nanoparticles were then analyzed by means of X-ray diffraction, Low and High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy, Electron Diffraction, X-ray Photoelectron, Raman Spectroscopies and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy. XRD analysis revealed peaks for CuS with hexagonal phase composition. TEM and HRTEM studies showed that sizes of CuS nanoparticles ranged between 10-60 nm, with the average size of about 20 nm. Copper sulfide nanoparticles have short nanorod-like structure. Raman spectroscopy found peak for CuS at 474.2cm-1of Raman region.
Abstract: The objective of this work is to present a expertise on
flooding hazard analysis and how to reduce the risk. The analysis
concerns the disaster induced by the flood on November 10/11, 2001
in the Bab El Oued district of the city of Algiers.The study begins by
an expertise of damages in related with the urban environment and
the history of the urban growth of the site. After this phase, the work
is focalized on the identification of the existing correlations between
the development of the town and its vulnerability. The final step
consists to elaborate the interpretations on the interactions between
the urban growth, the sewerage network and the vulnerability of the
urban system.In conclusion, several recommendations are formulated
permitting the mitigation of the risk in the future. The principal
recommendations concern the new urban operations and the existing
urbanized sites.
Abstract: It is difficult to judge ripeness by outward
characteristics such as size or external color. In this paper a nondestructive
method was studied to determine watermelon (Crimson
Sweet) quality. Responses of samples to excitation vibrations were
detected using laser Doppler vibrometry (LDV) technology. Phase
shift between input and output vibrations were extracted overall
frequency range. First and second were derived using frequency
response spectrums. After nondestructive tests, watermelons were
sensory evaluated. So the samples were graded in a range of ripeness
based on overall acceptability (total desired traits consumers).
Regression models were developed to predict quality using obtained
results and sample mass. The determination coefficients of the
calibration and cross validation models were 0.89 and 0.71
respectively. This study demonstrated feasibility of information
which is derived vibration response curves for predicting fruit
quality. The vibration response of watermelon using the LDV method
is measured without direct contact; it is accurate and timely, which
could result in significant advantage for classifying watermelons
based on consumer opinions.
Abstract: In the present study, the surface temperature history of the adaptor part in a two-stage supersonic launch vehicle is accurately predicted. The full Navier-Stokes equations are used to estimate the aerodynamic heat flux and the one-dimensional heat conduction in solid phase is used to compute the temperature history. The instantaneous surface temperature is used to improve the applied heat flux, to improve the accuracy of the results.
Abstract: Biological treatment of secondary effluent wastewater
by two combined denitrification/oxic filtration systems packed with
Lock type(denitrification filter) and ceramic ball (oxic filter) has been
studied for 5months. Two phases of operating conditions were carried
out with an influent nitrate and ammonia concentrations varied from
5.8 to 11.7mg/L and 5.4 to 12.4mg/L,respectively.
Denitrification/oxic filter treatment system were operated under an
EBCT (Empty Bed Contact Time) of 4h at system recirculation ratio in
the range from 0 to 300% (Linear Velocity increased 19.5m/d to
78m/d). The system efficiency of denitrification , nitrification over
95% respectively. Total nitrogen and COD removal range from
54.6%(recirculation 0%) to 92.3%(recirculation 300%) and 10% to
62.5%, respectively.
Abstract: The new idea of this research is application of a new fault detection and isolation (FDI) technique for supervision of sensor networks in transportation system. In measurement systems, it is necessary to detect all types of faults and failures, based on predefined algorithm. Last improvements in artificial neural network studies (ANN) led to using them for some FDI purposes. In this paper, application of new probabilistic neural network features for data approximation and data classification are considered for plausibility check in temperature measurement. For this purpose, two-phase FDI mechanism was considered for residual generation and evaluation.
Abstract: In this paper, growth and collapse of a vapour bubble
generated due to a local energy input inside a rigid cylinder and in
the absence of buoyancy forces is investigated using Boundary
Integral Equation Method and Finite Difference Method .The fluid is
treated as potential flow and Boundary Integral Equation Method is
used to solve Laplace-s equation for velocity potential. Different
ratios of the diameter of the rigid cylinder to the maximum radius of
the bubble are considered. Results show that during the collapse
phase of the bubble inside a vertical rigid cylinder, two liquid micro
jets are developed on the top and bottom sides of the vapour bubble
and are directed inward. It is found that by increasing the ratio of the
cylinder diameter to the maximum radius of the bubble, the rate of
the growth and collapse phases of the bubble increases and the life
time of the bubble decreases.
Abstract: Emerging Bio-engineering fields such as Brain
Computer Interfaces, neuroprothesis devices and modeling and
simulation of neural networks have led to increased research activity
in algorithms for the detection, isolation and classification of Action
Potentials (AP) from noisy data trains. Current techniques in the field
of 'unsupervised no-prior knowledge' biosignal processing include
energy operators, wavelet detection and adaptive thresholding. These
tend to bias towards larger AP waveforms, AP may be missed due to
deviations in spike shape and frequency and correlated noise
spectrums can cause false detection. Also, such algorithms tend to
suffer from large computational expense.
A new signal detection technique based upon the ideas of phasespace
diagrams and trajectories is proposed based upon the use of a
delayed copy of the AP to highlight discontinuities relative to
background noise. This idea has been used to create algorithms that
are computationally inexpensive and address the above problems.
Distinct AP have been picked out and manually classified from
real physiological data recorded from a cockroach. To facilitate
testing of the new technique, an Auto Regressive Moving Average
(ARMA) noise model has been constructed bases upon background
noise of the recordings. Along with the AP classification means this
model enables generation of realistic neuronal data sets at arbitrary
signal to noise ratio (SNR).
Abstract: The selective wet-etching of amorphous and
crystalline region of Sb20Se80 thin films was carried out using organic
based solution e.g. amines. We report the development of an in situ
real-time method to study the wet chemical etching process of thin
films. Characterization of the structure and surface of films studied
by X-ray diffraction, SEM and EBSD methods has been done and
potential application suggested.