Prediction of Watermelon Consumer Acceptability based on Vibration Response Spectrum

It is difficult to judge ripeness by outward characteristics such as size or external color. In this paper a nondestructive method was studied to determine watermelon (Crimson Sweet) quality. Responses of samples to excitation vibrations were detected using laser Doppler vibrometry (LDV) technology. Phase shift between input and output vibrations were extracted overall frequency range. First and second were derived using frequency response spectrums. After nondestructive tests, watermelons were sensory evaluated. So the samples were graded in a range of ripeness based on overall acceptability (total desired traits consumers). Regression models were developed to predict quality using obtained results and sample mass. The determination coefficients of the calibration and cross validation models were 0.89 and 0.71 respectively. This study demonstrated feasibility of information which is derived vibration response curves for predicting fruit quality. The vibration response of watermelon using the LDV method is measured without direct contact; it is accurate and timely, which could result in significant advantage for classifying watermelons based on consumer opinions.

Authors:

• R.Abbaszadeh
• A.Rajabipour
• M.Delshad
• M.J.Mahjub
• H.Ahmadi

Keywords:

• Laser Doppler vibrometry
• Phase shift
• Overallacceptability
• Regression model
• Resonance frequency
• Watermelon

References:

[1] Armstrong, P.R., Stone, M.L., Brusewitz, G.H., 1997. Nondestructive
acoustic and compression measurements of watermelon for internal
damage detection. Applied Engineering in Agriculture 13 (5), 641-645.
[2] Bengtsson G.B., Lundby, F. Haugen, J-E. Egelandsdal, B. Marheim J.A.
2003. Prediction of postharvest maturity and size of Victoria plums by
vibration response. Acta Hort. (ISHS) 599:367-372
[3] Diezma-Iglesias, B., Ruiz-Altisent, M., Orihuel, B., 2002. Acoustic
impulse response for detecting hollow heart in seedless watermelon. In:
Postharvest Unlimited International Conference, Leuven, Belgium.
[4] Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO); 2008. <www.fao.org>
(2010-11-10)
[5] Flores, K., Sanchez, M.T., Perez-Marin, D.C., Lopez, M.D., Guerrero,
J.E., Garrido-Varo, A., 2008. Prediction of total soluble solid content in
intact and cut melons and watermelons using near infrared
spectroscopy. Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy 16 (2), 91-98.
[6] Ito, H., Morimoto, S., Yamauchi, R., Ippoushi, K., Azuma, K.,
Hugashio, H., 2002. Potential of near infrared spectroscopy for
nondestructive estimation of soluble solids in watermelons. Acta
Horticulturae 588, 353-356.
[7] Jamal, N., Ying, Y., Wang, J., Rao, X., 2005. Finite element models of
watermelon and their applications. Transactions of the CSAE 21 (1),
17-22.
[8] Kato, K., 1997. Electrical density sorting and estimation of soluble
solids content of watermelon. Journal of Agriculture Engineering
Research 67 (2), 161-170.
[9] Koo, H., Song. H., 2010. Facial feature extraction for face modeling
program. International journal of circuits, systems and signal
processing. 4 (4), 169-176.
[10] Muramatsu, N., Sakurai, N.,Wada, N., Yamamoto, R., Tanaka, K.,
Asakura, T., Ishikawa-Takano, Y., Nevins, D.J., 1997b. Critical
comparison of an accelerometer and a laser Doppler vibrometer for
measuring fruit firmness. HorTechnology 7,434-438.
[11] Muramatsu N.1; Sakurai N.; Wada N.; Yamamoto R.; Takahara
T.; Ogata T.; Tanaka K.; Asakura T.; Ishikawa-Takano Y.; Nevins D.J.
1999 Evaluation of fruit tissue texture and internal disorders by laser
Doppler detection, Postharvest Biology and Technology. 15 (1). 83-
88(6)
[12] Muramatsu, N., Sakurai, N., Wada, N., Yamamoto, R., Tanaka, K.,
Asakura, T., Ishikawa-Takano, Y., Nevins, D.J. 2000 Remote sensing of
fruit textural changes with a laser Doppler vibrometer Journal of the
American Society for Horticultural Science. 125 (1). 120-127
[13] Murayama, H., Konno, I., Terasaki, S., Yamamoto, R., Sakurai, N.,
2006.Nondestructive method for measuring fruit ripening of ÔÇÿLa France-
pears using a laser Doppler vibrometer. J. Jpn. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 75, 79-
84.
[14] Nelson, S.O., Guo, W., Trabelsi, S., Kays, S.J., 2007. Dielectric
spectroscopy of watermelons for quality sensing. Measurement Science
and Technology 18, 1887-1892.
[15] Stone, M.L., Armstrong, P.R., Zhang, X., Brusewitz, G.H., Chen, D.D.,
1996. Watermelon maturity determination in the field using acoustic
impulse impedance techniques. Transactions of the ASAE 39 (6), 2325-
2330.
[16] Sun, T., Huang, K., Xu, H.Ying, Y., 2010. Research advances in
nondestructive determination of internal quality in watermelon/melon: A
review. Journal of Food Engineering 100, 569-577
[17] Taniwaki, M., Hanada, T., & Sakurai, N. 2009a. Postharvest quality
evaluation ofÔÇÿÔÇÿFuyu" and ÔÇÿÔÇÿTaishuu" persimmons using a nondestructive
vibrational method and an acoustic vibration technique. Postharvest
Biology and Technology. 51 (1), 80-85
[18] Taniwaki, M., Hanada, T.,Tohro, M. & Sakurai, N.2009b. Nondestructive
determination of the optimum eating ripeness of pears and
their texture measurements using acoustical vibration techniques.
Postharvest Biol. Technol. 51,305-310.
[19] Taniwaki, M., Takahashi, M. & Sakurai, N. 2009c. Determination of
optimum ripeness for edibility of postharvest melons using
nondestructive vibration. Food Research International. 42, 137-141.
[20] Terasaki, S., Wada, N., Sakurai, N., Muramatsu, N., Yamamoto, R., &
Nevins, D. J. 2001. Nondestructive measurement of kiwifruit ripeness
using a laser Doppler vibrometer. Transactions of the ASAE, 44, 81-87.
[21] Tollner, E.W., 1993. X-ray technology for detecting physical quality
attributes in agricultural produce. Postharvest News and Information 4
(6), 149-155.
[22] Yamamoto, H., Iwamoto, M., Haginuma, S., 1980. Acoustic impulse
response method for measuring natural frequency of intact fruits and
preliminary applications to internal quality evaluation of apples and
watermelons. Journal of Texture Studies 11 (2), 117-136.