Abstract: This paper mainly studies the analyses of parameters
in the intersection collision avoidance (ICA) system based on the radar
sensors. The parameters include the positioning errors, the repeat
period of the radar sensor, the conditions of potential collisions of two
cross-path vehicles, etc. The analyses of the parameters can provide
the requirements, limitations, or specifications of this ICA system. In
these analyses, the positioning errors will be increased as the measured
vehicle approach the intersection. In addition, it is not necessary to
implement the radar sensor in higher position since the positioning
sensitivities become serious as the height of the radar sensor increases.
A concept of the safety buffer distances for front and rear of the
measured vehicle is also proposed. The conditions for potential
collisions of two cross-path vehicles are also presented to facilitate the
computation algorithm.
Abstract: Internal controls of accounting are an essential
business function for a growth-oriented organization, and include the
elements of risk assessment, information communications and even
employees' roles and responsibilities. Internal controls of accounting
systems are designed to protect a company from fraud, abuse and
inaccurate data recording and help organizations keep track of
essential financial activities. Internal controls of accounting provide a
streamlined solution for organizing all accounting procedures and
ensuring that the accounting cycle is completed consistently and
successfully. Implementing a formal Accounting Procedures Manual
for the organization allows the financial department to facilitate
several processes and maintain rigorous standards. Internal controls
also allow organizations to keep detailed records, manage and
organize important financial transactions and set a high standard for
the organization's financial management structure and protocols. A
well-implemented system also reduces the risk of accounting errors
and abuse. A well-implemented controls system allows a company's
financial managers to regulate and streamline all functions of the
accounting department. Internal controls of accounting can be set up
for every area to track deposits, monitor check handling, keep track
of creditor accounts, and even assess budgets and financial statements
on an ongoing basis. Setting up an effective accounting system to
monitor accounting reports, analyze records and protect sensitive
financial information also can help a company set clear goals and
make accurate projections. Creating efficient accounting processes
allows an organization to set specific policies and protocols on
accounting procedures, and reach its financial objectives on a regular
basis. Internal accounting controls can help keep track of such areas
as cash-receipt recording, payroll management, appropriate recording
of grants and gifts, cash disbursements by authorized personnel, and
the recording of assets. These systems also can take into account any
government regulations and requirements for financial reporting.
Abstract: Organizational culture fosters innovation, and
innovation is the main engine to be sustained within the uncertainty
market. Like other countries, the construction industry significantly
contributes to the economy, society and technology of Malaysia, yet,
innovation is still considered slow compared to other industries such
as manufacturing. Given the important role of an architect as the key
player and the contributor of new ideas in the construction industry,
there is a call to identify the issue and improve the current situation
by focusing on the architectural firms. In addition, the existing
studies tend to focus only on a few dimensions of organizational
culture and very few studies consider whether innovation is being
generated or adopted. Hence, the present research tends to fill in the
gap by identifying the organizational cultures that foster or hinder
innovation generation and/or innovation adoption, and propose a
model of organizational culture and innovation generation and/or
adoption.
Abstract: In this paper, low end Digital Signal Processors (DSPs)
are applied to accelerate integer neural networks. The use of DSPs
to accelerate neural networks has been a topic of study for some
time, and has demonstrated significant performance improvements.
Recently, work has been done on integer only neural networks, which
greatly reduces hardware requirements, and thus allows for cheaper
hardware implementation. DSPs with Arithmetic Logic Units (ALUs)
that support floating or fixed point arithmetic are generally more
expensive than their integer only counterparts due to increased circuit
complexity. However if the need for floating or fixed point math
operation can be removed, then simpler, lower cost DSPs can be
used. To achieve this, an integer only neural network is created in
this paper, which is then accelerated by using DSP instructions to
improve performance.
Abstract: There are increasingly plagiarism offences for
students in higher education in the digital educational world. On the
other hand, various and competitive online assessment and
plagiarism detection tools are available in the market. Taking the
University of Glamorgan as a case study, this paper describes and
introduces an institutional journey on electronic plagiarism detection
to inform the initial experience of an innovative tool and method
which could be further explored in the future research. The
comparative study and system workflow for e-plagiarism detection
tool are discussed. Benefits for both academics and students are also
presented. Electronic plagiarism detection tools brought great
benefits to both academics and students in Glamorgan. On the other
hand, the debates raised in such initial experience are discussed.
Abstract: Article presents the geometry and structure
reconstruction procedure of the aircraft model for flatter research
(based on the I22-IRYDA aircraft). For reconstruction the Reverse
Engineering techniques and advanced surface modeling CAD tools
are used. Authors discuss all stages of data acquisition process,
computation and analysis of measured data. For acquisition the three
dimensional structured light scanner was used. In the further sections,
details of reconstruction process are present. Geometry
reconstruction procedure transform measured input data (points
cloud) into the three dimensional parametric computer model
(NURBS solid model) which is compatible with CAD systems.
Parallel to the geometry of the aircraft, the internal structure
(structural model) are extracted and modeled. In last chapter the
evaluation of obtained models are discussed.
Abstract: In this study, a fuzzy-logic based control system was
designed to ensure that time and energy is saved during the operation
of load elevators which are used during the construction of tall
buildings. In the control system that was devised, for the load
elevators to work more efficiently, the energy interval where the
motor worked was taken as the output variable whereas the amount
of load and the building height were taken as input variables. The
most appropriate working intervals depending on the characteristics
of these variables were defined by the help of an expert. Fuzzy expert
system software was formed using Delphi programming language. In
this design, mamdani max-min inference mechanism was used and
the centroid method was employed in the clarification procedure. In
conclusion, it is observed that the system that was designed is
feasible and this is supported by statistical analyses..
Abstract: A gold coated copper rotating electrode was used to
eliminate surface oxidation effect. This study examined the effect of
electrode rotation on the ozone generation process and showed that an
ozonizer with an electrode rotating system might be a possible way to
increase ozone-synthesis efficiency. Two new phenomena appeared
during experiments with the rotating electrode. First was that ozone
concentration increased to about two times higher than that of the case
with no rotation. Second, input power and discharge area were found
to increase with the rotation speed. Both ozone concentration and
ozone production efficiency improved in the case of rotating electrode
compared to the case with a non-rotating electrode. One possible
reason for this was the increase in discharge length of
micro-discharges during electrode rotation. The rotating electrode
decreased onset voltage, while reactor capacitance increased with
rotation. Use of a rotating-type electrode allowed earlier observation
of the ozone zero phenomena compared with a non-rotating electrode
because, during rotation, the entire electrode surface was functional,
allowing nitrogen on the electrode surface to be evenly consumed.
Nitrogen demand increased with increasing rotation s
Abstract: This work deals with modeling and simulation of SO2 removal in a ceramic membrane by means of FEM. A mass transfer model was developed to predict the performance of SO2 absorption in a chemical solvent. The model was based on solving conservation equations for gas component in the membrane. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) of mass and momentum were used to solve the model equations. The simulations aimed to obtain the distribution of gas concentration in the absorption process. The effect of the operating parameters on the efficiency of the ceramic membrane was evaluated. The modeling findings showed that the gas phase velocity has significant effect on the removal of gas whereas the liquid phase does not affect the SO2 removal significantly. It is also indicated that the main mass transfer resistance is placed in the membrane and gas phase because of high tortuosity of the ceramic membrane.
Abstract: Salinity level may affect early development of
biofuel feedstock crops. The biofuel feedstock crops canola
(Brassica napus L.), sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], and
sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.); and the potential feedstock crop
sweet corn (Zea mays L.) were planted in media in pots and treated
with aqueous solutions of 0, 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 M NaCl once at: 1)
planting; 2) 7-10 days after planting or 3) first true leaf expansion.
An additional treatment (4) comprised of one-half strength of the 0.1,
0.5 and 1.0 M (concentrations 0.05, 0.25, 0.5 M at each application)
was applied at first true leaf expansion and four days later. Survival
of most crops decreased below 90% above 0.5 M; survival of canola
decreased above 0.1 M. Application timing had little effect on crop
survival. For canola root fresh and dry weights improved when
application was at plant emergence; for sorghum top and root fresh
weights improved when the split application was used. When
application was at planting root dry weight was improved over most
other applications. Sunflower top fresh weight was among the
highest when saline solutions were split and top dry weight was
among the highest when application was at plant emergence. Sweet
corn root fresh weight was improved when the split application was
used or application was at planting. Sweet corn root dry weight was
highest when application was at planting or plant emergence. Even at
high salinity rates survival rates greater than what might be expected
occurred. Plants that survived appear to be able to adjust to saline
during the early stages of development.
Abstract: Advancement in Artificial Intelligence has lead to the
developments of various “smart" devices. Character recognition
device is one of such smart devices that acquire partial human
intelligence with the ability to capture and recognize various
characters in different languages. Firstly multiscale neural training
with modifications in the input training vectors is adopted in this
paper to acquire its advantage in training higher resolution character
images. Secondly selective thresholding using minimum distance
technique is proposed to be used to increase the level of accuracy of
character recognition. A simulator program (a GUI) is designed in
such a way that the characters can be located on any spot on the
blank paper in which the characters are written. The results show that
such methods with moderate level of training epochs can produce
accuracies of at least 85% and more for handwritten upper case
English characters and numerals.
Abstract: Modern information and communication technologies
offer a variety of support options for the efficient handling of
customer relationships. CRM systems have been developed, which
are designed to support the processes in the areas of marketing, sales
and service. Along with technological progress, CRM systems are
constantly changing, i.e. the systems are continually enhanced by
new functions. However, not all functions are suitable for every
company because of different frameworks and business processes. In
this context the question arises whether or not CRM systems are
widely used in Austrian companies and which business processes are
most frequently supported by CRM systems. This paper aims to shed
light on the popularity of CRM systems in Austrian companies in
general and the use of different functions to support their daily
business. First of all, the paper provides a theoretical overview of the
structure of modern CRM systems and proposes a categorization of
currently available software functionality for collaborative,
operational and analytical CRM processes, which provides the
theoretical background for the empirical study. Apart from these
theoretical considerations, the paper presents the empirical results of
a field survey on the use of CRM systems in Austrian companies and
analyzes its findings.
Abstract: This paper aims to present the reviews of the
application of neural network in shunt active power filter (SAPF).
From the review, three out of four components of SAPF structure,
which are harmonic detection component, compensating current
control, and DC bus voltage control, have been adopted some of
neural network architecture as part of its component or even
substitution. The objectives of most papers in using neural network in
SAPF are to increase the efficiency, stability, accuracy, robustness,
tracking ability of the systems of each component. Moreover,
minimizing unneeded signal due to the distortion is the ultimate goal
in applying neural network to the SAPF. The most famous
architecture of neural network in SAPF applications are ADALINE
and Backpropagation (BP).
Abstract: An aqueous methanol sensor for use in direct
methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) applications is demonstrated; the
methanol sensor is built using dispersed single-walled carbon
nanotubes (SWCNTs) with Nafion117 solution to detect the methanol
concentration in water. The study is aimed at the potential use of the
carbon nanotubes array as a methanol sensor for direct methanol fuel
cells (DMFCs). The concentration of methanol in the fuel circulation
loop of a DMFC system is an important operating parameter, because
it determines the electrical performance and efficiency of the fuel cell
system. The sensor is also operative even at ambient temperatures
and responds quickly to changes in the concentration levels of the
methanol. Such a sensor can be easily incorporated into the methanol
fuel solution flow loop in the DMFC system.
Abstract: Recently, several designs of single fed circularly
polarized microstrip antennas have been studied. Relatively, a few
designs for achieving circular polarization using triangular microstrip
antenna are available. Typically existing design of single fed
circularly polarized triangular microstrip antennas include the use of
equilateral triangular patch with a slit or a horizontal slot on the patch
or addition a narrow band stub on the edge or a vertex of triangular
patch.
In other word, with using a narrow band tune stub on middle of an
edge of triangle causes of facility to compensate the possible
fabrication error and substrate materials with easier adjusting the
tuner stub length. Even though disadvantages of this method is very
long of stub (approximate 1/3 length of triangle edge). In this paper,
instead of narrow band stub, a wide band stub has been applied,
therefore the length of stub by this method has been decreased
around 1/10 edge of triangle in addition changing the aperture angle
of stub, provides more facility for designing and producing circular
polarization wave.
Abstract: Simultaneous recovery of copper and DCA from
simulated MEUF concentrated stream was investigated. Effects of
surfactant (DCA) and metal (copper) concentrations, surfactant to
metal molar ratio (S/M ratio), electroplating voltage, EDTA
concentration, solution pH, and salt concentration on metal recovery
and current efficiency were studied. Electric voltage of -0.5 V was
shown to be optimum operation condition in terms of Cu recovery,
current efficiency, and surfactant recovery. Increasing Cu recovery and
current efficiency were observed with increases of Cu concentration
while keeping concentration of DCA constant. However, increasing
both Cu and DCA concentration while keeping S/M ratio constant at
2.5 showed detrimental effect on Cu recovery at DCA concentration
higher than 15 mM. Cu recovery decreases with increasing pH while
current efficiency showed an opposite trend. It is believed that
conductivity is the main cause for discrepancy of Cu recovery and
current efficiency observed at different pH. Finally, it was shown that
EDTA had adverse effect on both Cu recovery and current efficiency
while addition of NaCl salt had negative impact on current efficiency
at concentration higher than 8000 mg/L.
Abstract: With the exponential growth of networked system and
application such as eCommerce, the demand for effective internet
security is increasing. Cryptology is the science and study of systems
for secret communication. It consists of two complementary fields of
study: cryptography and cryptanalysis. The application of genetic
algorithms in the cryptanalysis of knapsack ciphers is suggested by
Spillman [7]. In order to improve the efficiency of genetic algorithm
attack on knapsack cipher, the previously published attack was
enhanced and re-implemented with variation of initial assumptions
and results are compared with Spillman results. The experimental
result of research indicates that the efficiency of genetic algorithm
attack on knapsack cipher can be improved with variation of initial
assumption.
Abstract: Fisheries management all around the world is
hampered by the lack, or poor quality, of critical data on fish
resources and fishing operations. The main reasons for the chronic
inability to collect good quality data during fishing operations is the
culture of secrecy common among fishers and the lack of modern
data gathering technology onboard most fishing vessels. In response,
OLRAC-SPS, a South African company, developed fisheries datalogging
software (eLog in short) and named it Olrac. The Olrac eLog
solution is capable of collecting, analysing, plotting, mapping,
reporting, tracing and transmitting all data related to fishing
operations. Olrac can be used by skippers, fleet/company managers,
offshore mariculture farmers, scientists, observers, compliance
inspectors and fisheries management authorities. The authors believe
that using eLog onboard fishing vessels has the potential to
revolutionise the entire process of data collection and reporting
during fishing operations and, if properly deployed and utilised,
could transform the entire commercial fleet to a provider of good
quality data and forever change the way fish resources are managed.
In addition it will make it possible to trace catches back to the actual
individual fishing operation, to improve fishing efficiency and to
dramatically improve control of fishing operations and enforcement
of fishing regulations.
Abstract: We have defined two suites of metrics, which cover
static and dynamic aspects of component assembly. The static
metrics measure complexity and criticality of component assembly,
wherein complexity is measured using Component Packing Density
and Component Interaction Density metrics. Further, four criticality
conditions namely, Link, Bridge, Inheritance and Size criticalities
have been identified and quantified. The complexity and criticality
metrics are combined to form a Triangular Metric, which can be used
to classify the type and nature of applications. Dynamic metrics are
collected during the runtime of a complete application. Dynamic
metrics are useful to identify super-component and to evaluate the
degree of utilisation of various components. In this paper both static
and dynamic metrics are evaluated using Weyuker-s set of properties.
The result shows that the metrics provide a valid means to measure
issues in component assembly. We relate our metrics suite with
McCall-s Quality Model and illustrate their impact on product
quality and to the management of component-based product
development.
Abstract: Faced with social and health system capacity
constraints and rising and changing demand for welfare services,
governments and welfare providers are increasingly relying on
innovation to help support and enhance services. However, the
evidence reported by several studies indicates that the realization of
that potential is not an easy task. Innovations can be deemed
inherently complex to implement and operate, because many of them
involve a combination of technological and organizational renewal
within an environment featuring a diversity of stakeholders. Many
public welfare service innovations are markedly systemic in their
nature, which means that they emerge from, and must address, the
complex interplay between political, administrative, technological,
institutional and legal issues. This paper suggests that stakeholders
dealing with systemic innovation in welfare services must deal with
ambiguous and incomplete information in circumstances of
uncertainty. Employing a literature review methodology and case
study, this paper identifies, categorizes and discusses different
aspects of the uncertainty of systemic innovation in public welfare
services, and argues that uncertainty can be classified into eight
categories: technological uncertainty, market uncertainty,
regulatory/institutional uncertainty, social/political uncertainty,
acceptance/legitimacy uncertainty, managerial uncertainty, timing
uncertainty and consequence uncertainty.