Confronting the Uncertainty of Systemic Innovation in Public Welfare Services
Faced with social and health system capacity
constraints and rising and changing demand for welfare services,
governments and welfare providers are increasingly relying on
innovation to help support and enhance services. However, the
evidence reported by several studies indicates that the realization of
that potential is not an easy task. Innovations can be deemed
inherently complex to implement and operate, because many of them
involve a combination of technological and organizational renewal
within an environment featuring a diversity of stakeholders. Many
public welfare service innovations are markedly systemic in their
nature, which means that they emerge from, and must address, the
complex interplay between political, administrative, technological,
institutional and legal issues. This paper suggests that stakeholders
dealing with systemic innovation in welfare services must deal with
ambiguous and incomplete information in circumstances of
uncertainty. Employing a literature review methodology and case
study, this paper identifies, categorizes and discusses different
aspects of the uncertainty of systemic innovation in public welfare
services, and argues that uncertainty can be classified into eight
categories: technological uncertainty, market uncertainty,
regulatory/institutional uncertainty, social/political uncertainty,
acceptance/legitimacy uncertainty, managerial uncertainty, timing
uncertainty and consequence uncertainty.
[1] H. Buddelmyer, P. H. Jensen and E. Webster, "Innovation and the
determinants of company survival," Oxford Economic Papers, vol. 62,
pp. 261-285, 2010.
[2] G. Bhatta, "Don't just do something, stand there! - Revisiting the issue
of risks in innovation in the public sector," The Innovation Journal, vol.
8, no. 2, 2003.
[3] W. Parsons, "Innovation in the public sector: Spare tyres and fourth
plinths," The Innovation Journal: The Public Sector Innovation Journal,
vol. 11, no. 2, 2006.
[4] J. Potts, "The innovation deficit in public services: The curious problem
of too much efficiency and not enough waste and failure", Innovation:
Management, Policy & Practice, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 34-43, 2009.
[5] J. Barlow, S. Bayer and R. Curry, "Implementing complex innovations
in fluid multi-stakeholder environments: experiences of ÔÇÿtelecare-,"
Technovation, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 396-406, 2006.
[6] E. M. Rogers, Diffusion of innovations (5th ed.). Free Press, New York,
NY, 2003.
[7] Webster's encyclopedic unabridged dictionary of the English language
(1989), Random House Value Publishing, London.
[8] L. Gale and D. Mansour-Cole, "User involvement in innovation
projects: Toward an information processing model," Journal of
Engineering Technology Management, vol. 12, pp. 77-109, 1995.
[9] J. Galbraith, Organization Design. Addison Wesley, Reading, MA,
1977.
[10] F. H. Knight, Risk, Uncertainty and Profit. Reprint ed. Beard Books
Imprint, Beard Books Incorporated, Chevy Chase, 1921.
[11] R. L. Daft and R. H. Lengel, "Organizational information requirements,
media richness and structural design", Management Science, vol. 32, pp.
554-571, 1986.
[12] M. H. Zack, "If Managing Knowledge Is the Solution, Then What's the
Problem?" in Y. Malhotra (ed.), Knowledge Management and Business
Model Innovation, London: Idea Group Publishing, 2001, pp. 16-36.
[13] E. Brun, A. S. Saetre and M. Gjelsvik, "Classification of ambiguity in
new product development projects," European Journal of Innovation
Management, vol. 12. no. 1, pp. 62-85, 2009.
[14] D. Ellsberg, "Risk, ambiguity and the Savage axioms," Quarterly
Journal of Economics, vol. 75, pp. 643-669, 1961.
[15] D. E. Brashers, "Communication and uncertainty management," Journal
of Communication, vol. 51, pp. 477-497, 2001.
[16] E. Bullen, J. Fahey and J. Kenway, "The Knowledge Economy and
Innovation: Certain uncertainty and the risk economy," Discourse:
Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 53-68,
2006.
[17] H. Bruch, P. Gerber and V. Maier, "Strategic Change Decisions: Doing
the right change right," Journal of Change Management, vol. 5, no. 1,
pp. 97-107, 2005.
[18] C. D. Mulrow, "Systematic Reviews: Rationale for systematic reviews,"
British Medical Journal, vol. 309, no. 6954, pp. 597-599, 1994.
[19] R. K. Yin, Case Study Research. Design and Methods. Applied Social
Research Methods Series, Volume 5. 3rd Ed. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA,
USA, 2003.
[20] J. F. Coughlin, "Understanding the Janus Face of Technology and
Ageing: Implications for Older Consumers, Business Innovation and
Society," International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Society,
vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 62-67, 2010.
[21] E. Harris and R. Woolley, "Facilitating Innovation Through Cognitive
Mapping of Uncertainty," International Studies of Management and
Organization, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 70-100, 2009.
[22] B. Allen, "Some stochastic processes of interdependent demand and
technological diffusion of an innovation exhibiting externalities among
adopters," International Economic Review, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 595-608,
1982.
[23] J. Hall and M. J. C. Martin, "Disruptive technologies stakeholders and
the innovation value chain: a framework for evaluating radical
technology development," R&D Management, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 273-
284, 2005.
[24] R. W. Veryzer, "Discontinuous innovation and the new product
development process," Journal of Product Innovation Manage, vol. 15,
no.4, pp. 304-321, 1998.
[25] J. R. Ortt and R. Smits, "Innovation management: different approaches
to cope with the same trends," International Journal of Technology
Management, vol. 34, no. 3/4, pp. 296-318, 2006.
[26] K. E. Weick, Making Sense of the Organization, Blackwell, Oxford,
2001.
[27] J. Tidd and K. Bodley, "The influence of project novelty on the new
product development process," R&D Management, vol. 32, no. 2, pp.
127-138, 2002.
[28] J. Newman, J. Raine and J. Skelcher, "Transforming Local Government:
Innovation and Modernization," Public Money & Management, April-
June, pp. 61-68, 2001.
[29] M. Gibbons and D. Littler, "The development of an innovation: the case
of porvair," Research Policy, vol. 8, pp. 2-25, 1979.
[30] W. E. Souder and K. D. Moenaert, "Integrating marketing and R&D
project personnel within innovation projects: an information uncertainty
model," Journal of Management Studies, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 485-512,
1992.
[31] D. Naranjo-Gil, "The influence of environmental and organizational
factors on innovation adoptions: Consequences for performance in
public sector organizations," Technovation, vol. 29, pp. 810-818, 2009.
[32] J. G. York and S. Venkatraman, "The entrepreneur-environment nexus:
Uncertainty, innovation, and allocation," Journal of Business Venturing,
vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 449-463, 2010.
[33] R. Santamäki Fischer, A. Norberg and B. Lundman, "Embracing
opposites: Meanings of growing old as narrated by people aged 85," The
International Journal of Aging and Human Development, vol. 67, no. 3,
pp. 266-268, 2008.
[34] J. Lambooy, "Innovation and Knowledge: Theory and Regional Policy,"
European Policy Studies, vol. 13, no. 8, pp. 1137-1152, 2005.
[35] J. Foster, "Productivity, creative destruction and innovation policy:
Some implications from the Australian experience," Innovation:
Management, policy & practice, vol. 12, pp. 355-368, 2010.
[36] P. Vermeulen, R. Buch and R. Greenwood, "The Impact of
Governmental Policies in Institutional Fields: The Case of Innovation in
the Dutch Concrete Industry," Organization Studies, vol. 28, no. 4, pp.
515-540, 2007.
[37] T. M. Guedes, "Networks of innovation in biotechnology,"
International Journal of Technology Management Sustainable
Development, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 219-236, 2003.
[38] J. Stenvall, A. Syväjärvi and R. Harisalo, "The Information steering in
Government: Information resource Managed by Administration in
welfare sector," in Khosrow-Poul, M. (Ed.) Managing Worldwide
Operations & Communications with Information Technology,
Information Resources Management Association, 2007, pp. 1395-1398.
[39] H. Jalonen, "Steering by Information or Managing by Knowledge," in
Proceedings of EBRF 2008, Research Forum to Understand Business in
Knowledge Society, Helsinki - Stockholm, Finland-Sweden, September
22-24, 2008
[40] P. Hurst, "Ideas into action development and the acceptance of
innovations," International Journal of Educational Development, vol. 1,
no. 3, pp. 79-10, 1982.
[41] F. Johansson, The Medici Effect - Breakthrough Insights at the
Intersection of Ideas, Concepts, and Cultures. Harvard Business School
Press, Boston, MA, 2004.
[42] F. Jaspers, Organizing Systemic Innovation. Academic Dissertation,
ERIM PhD Series in Research in Management, 160, Erasmus University
Rotterdam, 2009.
[43] C. Koch, "Innovation networking between stability and political
dynamics," Technovation, vol. 24, no. 9, pp. 729-739, 2004.
[44] J. T. G. Arias, "Do networks really foster networks?," Management
Decision, vol. 33, no. 9, pp. 52-57, 1995.
[45] G. Bonifati, "-More is different-, exaption and uncertainty: three
foundational concepts for a complexity theory of innovation,"
Economics of Innovation and New Technology, vol. 19, no. 8, pp. 743-
760, 2010.
[46] Z. Chen, "Vaccine innovations in an age of uncertainty: BCG in
France," Technology in Society, vol. 27, pp. 39-53, 2005.
[47] K-N. Jun and C. Weare, "Institutional Motivations in the Adoption of
Innovations: The Case of E-Government," Journal of Public
Administration Research and Theory, June 9, 2010.
[48] R. S. Hanft and S. P. Korper, "Some notes on uncertainty; federal policy
and innovation," Computers in Biology and Medicine, vol. 11, pp. 1-7,
1981.
[49] H. Jalonen and P. Juntunen, "Enabling Innovation in Complex Welfare
Service Systems," Journal of Service Science and Management, to be
published.
[50] H. Aldrich and M. Fiol, "Fools rush in? The institutional context of
industry creation," Academy of Management Review, vol. 19, no. 4, pp.
645-670, 1994.
[51] B. Latour, Science in Action: How to Follow Scientists and Engineers
through Society. Bantam, New York, NY, 1987.
[52] M. Moensted, "High-tech, uncertainty, and innovation. The opportunity
for high-tech entrepreneurship", in Bernasconi, M., Harris, S. &
Moensted, M. (Ed.) High-tech Entrepreneurship - Managing
innovation, variety and uncertainty, Routledge, London, 2006, pp. 15-
32.
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Principles, Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd, Oxford, 1985.
[54] S. Osborn and K. Brown, Managing Change and Innovation in Public
Service Organizations. Routledge, London and NY, 2005.
[55] D. Gerwin and J. C. Tarondeau, "Case Studies of Computer Integrated
Manufacturing Systems: A View of Uncertainty and Innovation
Processes," Journal of Operations Management, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 87-99,
1982.
[56] H. J. Thamhain, "Managing innovative R&D teams," R&D
Management, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 297-311, 2003.
[57] E. Mitleton-Kelly, "A complexity Approach to Co-creating an
Innovative Environment," World Futures, vol. 62, no. 3, pp. 223-239,
2006.
[58] J. K. Hazy, J. Goldstein. and B. B. Lichtenstein, Complex Systems
Leadership Theory New Perspectives from Complexity Science on Social
and Organizational Effectiveness. ISCE Publishing, Mansfield, 2007.
[59] T. Greenhalgh, G. Robert, P. Bate, F. Macfarlane and O. Kyriakidou,
Diffusion of innovations in service organizations: systematic review and
recommendations. A systematic literature review. John Wiley & Sons,
2008.
[60] A. Muller and L. Välikangas, "Metrics for innovation: guidelines for
developing a customized suite of innovation metrics," Strategy &
Leadership, vol. 33, no.1, pp. 37-46, 2005.
[61] R. J. Macdonald and W. Jinliang, "Time, timeliness of innovation, and
the emergence of industries," Technovation, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 37-53,
1994.
[62] H. Jalonen and A. Lönnqvist, "Predictive Business - Fresh Initiative or
Old Wine in a New Bottle," Management Decision, vol. 47, no. 10, pp.
1595-1609, 2009.
[63] M. A. Schilling, "Technology success and failure in winner-take-all
markets. The impact of learning orientation, timing, and network
externalities," Academy of Management Journal, vol. 45, no. 2, pp- 387-
398, 2002.
[64] J. R. B. Halbesleben, M. M. Novicevic, G. M. Harvey and M. R.
Buckley, "Awareness of temporal complexity in leadership of creativity
and innovation: A competency-based model," The Leadership
Quarterly, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 433-454, 2003.
[65] F. Castellacci, S. Grodal, S. Mendonca and M. Wibe, "Advances and
Challenges in Innovation Studies," Journal of Economic Issues, vol. 39,
no. 1, pp. 91-104, 2005.
[66] K-E. Sveiby, P. Gripenberg, B. Segercrantz, A. Eriksson and A.
Aminoff, "Unintended and Undesirable Consequences of Innovation", a
paper presented at XX ISPIM conference The Future of Innovation,
Vienna 21st - 24th of June, 2009.
[67] A. Faucett and B. H. Kleiner, "New Developments in Performance
Measures of Public Programmes," International Journal of Public
Sector Management, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 63-70, 1994.
[68] L. Magnusson, E. Hanson and M. Borg, "A literature review study of Information
and Communication Technology as a support for frail older
people living at home and their family carers," Technology and
Disability, vol. 16, pp. 223-235, 2004.
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[1] H. Buddelmyer, P. H. Jensen and E. Webster, "Innovation and the
determinants of company survival," Oxford Economic Papers, vol. 62,
pp. 261-285, 2010.
[2] G. Bhatta, "Don't just do something, stand there! - Revisiting the issue
of risks in innovation in the public sector," The Innovation Journal, vol.
8, no. 2, 2003.
[3] W. Parsons, "Innovation in the public sector: Spare tyres and fourth
plinths," The Innovation Journal: The Public Sector Innovation Journal,
vol. 11, no. 2, 2006.
[4] J. Potts, "The innovation deficit in public services: The curious problem
of too much efficiency and not enough waste and failure", Innovation:
Management, Policy & Practice, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 34-43, 2009.
[5] J. Barlow, S. Bayer and R. Curry, "Implementing complex innovations
in fluid multi-stakeholder environments: experiences of ÔÇÿtelecare-,"
Technovation, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 396-406, 2006.
[6] E. M. Rogers, Diffusion of innovations (5th ed.). Free Press, New York,
NY, 2003.
[7] Webster's encyclopedic unabridged dictionary of the English language
(1989), Random House Value Publishing, London.
[8] L. Gale and D. Mansour-Cole, "User involvement in innovation
projects: Toward an information processing model," Journal of
Engineering Technology Management, vol. 12, pp. 77-109, 1995.
[9] J. Galbraith, Organization Design. Addison Wesley, Reading, MA,
1977.
[10] F. H. Knight, Risk, Uncertainty and Profit. Reprint ed. Beard Books
Imprint, Beard Books Incorporated, Chevy Chase, 1921.
[11] R. L. Daft and R. H. Lengel, "Organizational information requirements,
media richness and structural design", Management Science, vol. 32, pp.
554-571, 1986.
[12] M. H. Zack, "If Managing Knowledge Is the Solution, Then What's the
Problem?" in Y. Malhotra (ed.), Knowledge Management and Business
Model Innovation, London: Idea Group Publishing, 2001, pp. 16-36.
[13] E. Brun, A. S. Saetre and M. Gjelsvik, "Classification of ambiguity in
new product development projects," European Journal of Innovation
Management, vol. 12. no. 1, pp. 62-85, 2009.
[14] D. Ellsberg, "Risk, ambiguity and the Savage axioms," Quarterly
Journal of Economics, vol. 75, pp. 643-669, 1961.
[15] D. E. Brashers, "Communication and uncertainty management," Journal
of Communication, vol. 51, pp. 477-497, 2001.
[16] E. Bullen, J. Fahey and J. Kenway, "The Knowledge Economy and
Innovation: Certain uncertainty and the risk economy," Discourse:
Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 53-68,
2006.
[17] H. Bruch, P. Gerber and V. Maier, "Strategic Change Decisions: Doing
the right change right," Journal of Change Management, vol. 5, no. 1,
pp. 97-107, 2005.
[18] C. D. Mulrow, "Systematic Reviews: Rationale for systematic reviews,"
British Medical Journal, vol. 309, no. 6954, pp. 597-599, 1994.
[19] R. K. Yin, Case Study Research. Design and Methods. Applied Social
Research Methods Series, Volume 5. 3rd Ed. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA,
USA, 2003.
[20] J. F. Coughlin, "Understanding the Janus Face of Technology and
Ageing: Implications for Older Consumers, Business Innovation and
Society," International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Society,
vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 62-67, 2010.
[21] E. Harris and R. Woolley, "Facilitating Innovation Through Cognitive
Mapping of Uncertainty," International Studies of Management and
Organization, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 70-100, 2009.
[22] B. Allen, "Some stochastic processes of interdependent demand and
technological diffusion of an innovation exhibiting externalities among
adopters," International Economic Review, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 595-608,
1982.
[23] J. Hall and M. J. C. Martin, "Disruptive technologies stakeholders and
the innovation value chain: a framework for evaluating radical
technology development," R&D Management, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 273-
284, 2005.
[24] R. W. Veryzer, "Discontinuous innovation and the new product
development process," Journal of Product Innovation Manage, vol. 15,
no.4, pp. 304-321, 1998.
[25] J. R. Ortt and R. Smits, "Innovation management: different approaches
to cope with the same trends," International Journal of Technology
Management, vol. 34, no. 3/4, pp. 296-318, 2006.
[26] K. E. Weick, Making Sense of the Organization, Blackwell, Oxford,
2001.
[27] J. Tidd and K. Bodley, "The influence of project novelty on the new
product development process," R&D Management, vol. 32, no. 2, pp.
127-138, 2002.
[28] J. Newman, J. Raine and J. Skelcher, "Transforming Local Government:
Innovation and Modernization," Public Money & Management, April-
June, pp. 61-68, 2001.
[29] M. Gibbons and D. Littler, "The development of an innovation: the case
of porvair," Research Policy, vol. 8, pp. 2-25, 1979.
[30] W. E. Souder and K. D. Moenaert, "Integrating marketing and R&D
project personnel within innovation projects: an information uncertainty
model," Journal of Management Studies, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 485-512,
1992.
[31] D. Naranjo-Gil, "The influence of environmental and organizational
factors on innovation adoptions: Consequences for performance in
public sector organizations," Technovation, vol. 29, pp. 810-818, 2009.
[32] J. G. York and S. Venkatraman, "The entrepreneur-environment nexus:
Uncertainty, innovation, and allocation," Journal of Business Venturing,
vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 449-463, 2010.
[33] R. Santamäki Fischer, A. Norberg and B. Lundman, "Embracing
opposites: Meanings of growing old as narrated by people aged 85," The
International Journal of Aging and Human Development, vol. 67, no. 3,
pp. 266-268, 2008.
[34] J. Lambooy, "Innovation and Knowledge: Theory and Regional Policy,"
European Policy Studies, vol. 13, no. 8, pp. 1137-1152, 2005.
[35] J. Foster, "Productivity, creative destruction and innovation policy:
Some implications from the Australian experience," Innovation:
Management, policy & practice, vol. 12, pp. 355-368, 2010.
[36] P. Vermeulen, R. Buch and R. Greenwood, "The Impact of
Governmental Policies in Institutional Fields: The Case of Innovation in
the Dutch Concrete Industry," Organization Studies, vol. 28, no. 4, pp.
515-540, 2007.
[37] T. M. Guedes, "Networks of innovation in biotechnology,"
International Journal of Technology Management Sustainable
Development, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 219-236, 2003.
[38] J. Stenvall, A. Syväjärvi and R. Harisalo, "The Information steering in
Government: Information resource Managed by Administration in
welfare sector," in Khosrow-Poul, M. (Ed.) Managing Worldwide
Operations & Communications with Information Technology,
Information Resources Management Association, 2007, pp. 1395-1398.
[39] H. Jalonen, "Steering by Information or Managing by Knowledge," in
Proceedings of EBRF 2008, Research Forum to Understand Business in
Knowledge Society, Helsinki - Stockholm, Finland-Sweden, September
22-24, 2008
[40] P. Hurst, "Ideas into action development and the acceptance of
innovations," International Journal of Educational Development, vol. 1,
no. 3, pp. 79-10, 1982.
[41] F. Johansson, The Medici Effect - Breakthrough Insights at the
Intersection of Ideas, Concepts, and Cultures. Harvard Business School
Press, Boston, MA, 2004.
[42] F. Jaspers, Organizing Systemic Innovation. Academic Dissertation,
ERIM PhD Series in Research in Management, 160, Erasmus University
Rotterdam, 2009.
[43] C. Koch, "Innovation networking between stability and political
dynamics," Technovation, vol. 24, no. 9, pp. 729-739, 2004.
[44] J. T. G. Arias, "Do networks really foster networks?," Management
Decision, vol. 33, no. 9, pp. 52-57, 1995.
[45] G. Bonifati, "-More is different-, exaption and uncertainty: three
foundational concepts for a complexity theory of innovation,"
Economics of Innovation and New Technology, vol. 19, no. 8, pp. 743-
760, 2010.
[46] Z. Chen, "Vaccine innovations in an age of uncertainty: BCG in
France," Technology in Society, vol. 27, pp. 39-53, 2005.
[47] K-N. Jun and C. Weare, "Institutional Motivations in the Adoption of
Innovations: The Case of E-Government," Journal of Public
Administration Research and Theory, June 9, 2010.
[48] R. S. Hanft and S. P. Korper, "Some notes on uncertainty; federal policy
and innovation," Computers in Biology and Medicine, vol. 11, pp. 1-7,
1981.
[49] H. Jalonen and P. Juntunen, "Enabling Innovation in Complex Welfare
Service Systems," Journal of Service Science and Management, to be
published.
[50] H. Aldrich and M. Fiol, "Fools rush in? The institutional context of
industry creation," Academy of Management Review, vol. 19, no. 4, pp.
645-670, 1994.
[51] B. Latour, Science in Action: How to Follow Scientists and Engineers
through Society. Bantam, New York, NY, 1987.
[52] M. Moensted, "High-tech, uncertainty, and innovation. The opportunity
for high-tech entrepreneurship", in Bernasconi, M., Harris, S. &
Moensted, M. (Ed.) High-tech Entrepreneurship - Managing
innovation, variety and uncertainty, Routledge, London, 2006, pp. 15-
32.
[53] P. F: Drucker, Innovation and Entrepreneurship: Practices and
Principles, Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd, Oxford, 1985.
[54] S. Osborn and K. Brown, Managing Change and Innovation in Public
Service Organizations. Routledge, London and NY, 2005.
[55] D. Gerwin and J. C. Tarondeau, "Case Studies of Computer Integrated
Manufacturing Systems: A View of Uncertainty and Innovation
Processes," Journal of Operations Management, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 87-99,
1982.
[56] H. J. Thamhain, "Managing innovative R&D teams," R&D
Management, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 297-311, 2003.
[57] E. Mitleton-Kelly, "A complexity Approach to Co-creating an
Innovative Environment," World Futures, vol. 62, no. 3, pp. 223-239,
2006.
[58] J. K. Hazy, J. Goldstein. and B. B. Lichtenstein, Complex Systems
Leadership Theory New Perspectives from Complexity Science on Social
and Organizational Effectiveness. ISCE Publishing, Mansfield, 2007.
[59] T. Greenhalgh, G. Robert, P. Bate, F. Macfarlane and O. Kyriakidou,
Diffusion of innovations in service organizations: systematic review and
recommendations. A systematic literature review. John Wiley & Sons,
2008.
[60] A. Muller and L. Välikangas, "Metrics for innovation: guidelines for
developing a customized suite of innovation metrics," Strategy &
Leadership, vol. 33, no.1, pp. 37-46, 2005.
[61] R. J. Macdonald and W. Jinliang, "Time, timeliness of innovation, and
the emergence of industries," Technovation, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 37-53,
1994.
[62] H. Jalonen and A. Lönnqvist, "Predictive Business - Fresh Initiative or
Old Wine in a New Bottle," Management Decision, vol. 47, no. 10, pp.
1595-1609, 2009.
[63] M. A. Schilling, "Technology success and failure in winner-take-all
markets. The impact of learning orientation, timing, and network
externalities," Academy of Management Journal, vol. 45, no. 2, pp- 387-
398, 2002.
[64] J. R. B. Halbesleben, M. M. Novicevic, G. M. Harvey and M. R.
Buckley, "Awareness of temporal complexity in leadership of creativity
and innovation: A competency-based model," The Leadership
Quarterly, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 433-454, 2003.
[65] F. Castellacci, S. Grodal, S. Mendonca and M. Wibe, "Advances and
Challenges in Innovation Studies," Journal of Economic Issues, vol. 39,
no. 1, pp. 91-104, 2005.
[66] K-E. Sveiby, P. Gripenberg, B. Segercrantz, A. Eriksson and A.
Aminoff, "Unintended and Undesirable Consequences of Innovation", a
paper presented at XX ISPIM conference The Future of Innovation,
Vienna 21st - 24th of June, 2009.
[67] A. Faucett and B. H. Kleiner, "New Developments in Performance
Measures of Public Programmes," International Journal of Public
Sector Management, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 63-70, 1994.
[68] L. Magnusson, E. Hanson and M. Borg, "A literature review study of Information
and Communication Technology as a support for frail older
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@article{"International Journal of Business, Human and Social Sciences:51150", author = "Harri Jalonen", title = "Confronting the Uncertainty of Systemic Innovation in Public Welfare Services", abstract = "Faced with social and health system capacity
constraints and rising and changing demand for welfare services,
governments and welfare providers are increasingly relying on
innovation to help support and enhance services. However, the
evidence reported by several studies indicates that the realization of
that potential is not an easy task. Innovations can be deemed
inherently complex to implement and operate, because many of them
involve a combination of technological and organizational renewal
within an environment featuring a diversity of stakeholders. Many
public welfare service innovations are markedly systemic in their
nature, which means that they emerge from, and must address, the
complex interplay between political, administrative, technological,
institutional and legal issues. This paper suggests that stakeholders
dealing with systemic innovation in welfare services must deal with
ambiguous and incomplete information in circumstances of
uncertainty. Employing a literature review methodology and case
study, this paper identifies, categorizes and discusses different
aspects of the uncertainty of systemic innovation in public welfare
services, and argues that uncertainty can be classified into eight
categories: technological uncertainty, market uncertainty,
regulatory/institutional uncertainty, social/political uncertainty,
acceptance/legitimacy uncertainty, managerial uncertainty, timing
uncertainty and consequence uncertainty.", keywords = "Systemic innovation, uncertainty, welfare services", volume = "6", number = "1", pages = "23-10", }
