Salinity on Survival and Early Development of Biofuel Feedstock Crops
Salinity level may affect early development of
biofuel feedstock crops. The biofuel feedstock crops canola
(Brassica napus L.), sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], and
sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.); and the potential feedstock crop
sweet corn (Zea mays L.) were planted in media in pots and treated
with aqueous solutions of 0, 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 M NaCl once at: 1)
planting; 2) 7-10 days after planting or 3) first true leaf expansion.
An additional treatment (4) comprised of one-half strength of the 0.1,
0.5 and 1.0 M (concentrations 0.05, 0.25, 0.5 M at each application)
was applied at first true leaf expansion and four days later. Survival
of most crops decreased below 90% above 0.5 M; survival of canola
decreased above 0.1 M. Application timing had little effect on crop
survival. For canola root fresh and dry weights improved when
application was at plant emergence; for sorghum top and root fresh
weights improved when the split application was used. When
application was at planting root dry weight was improved over most
other applications. Sunflower top fresh weight was among the
highest when saline solutions were split and top dry weight was
among the highest when application was at plant emergence. Sweet
corn root fresh weight was improved when the split application was
used or application was at planting. Sweet corn root dry weight was
highest when application was at planting or plant emergence. Even at
high salinity rates survival rates greater than what might be expected
occurred. Plants that survived appear to be able to adjust to saline
during the early stages of development.
[1] M. Almodares, M.R. Hadi, and H. Ahmadpour, "Sorghum stem yield
and soluble carbohydrates under different salinity levels", Africa J.
Biotechnol., vol. 7, pp. 4051-4055, 2008.
[2] L. Berstein, "Effects of salinity and sodicity on plant growth", Ann. Rev.
Phytopathol., vol. 13, pp. 295-312, 1975.
[3] F.F. Blanco, M.V. Folegatti, H.R. Gheyi, and P.D. Fernandes, "Growth
and yield of corn irrigated with saline water", Sci. Agric., vol. 65, pp.
574-580, 2008.
[4] G.E. Cardon, J.G. Davis, T.A. Bauder, T.A., and R.M. Waskom,
"Managing saline soils", Extension Publ. 0.503, Colorado State Univ.,
Ft. Collins, CO. available on-line at: http://www.ext.
colostate.edu/pubs/crop/00503.html, 2007.
[5] C.F. de Lacerda, J. Cambraia, M.A. Oliva, and H.A. Ruiz, "Osmotic
adjustment in roots and leaves of two sorghum genotypes under NaCl
stress", Brazilian J. Plant Physiol., vol. 15, pp. 113-118, 2003.
[6] A. Farsiani and M.E. Ghobadi, "Effects of PEG and NaCl stress on two
cultivars of corn (Zea mays L.) at germination and early seedling
stages", World Acad. Sci. Engineer. Technol., vol. 57, pp. 382-385,
2009.
[7] L.E. Francois, "Salinity effects of four sunflower hybrids", Agron. J.
vol. 88, pp. 215-219, 1996.
[8] M.D. Kaya, "The role of hull in germination and salinity tolerance in
some sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cultivars", African J.
Biotechnol., vol. 8, pp. 597-600, 2009.
[9] S. Miyamoto, K. Piela, and J. Pettigrew, "Salt effects on germination and
seedling emergence of several vegetable crops and guayule", Irrig. Sci.,
vol. 6, pp. 159-170, 1985.
[10] S. Miyamoto, K. Piela, and J. Pettigrew, "Seedling mortality of several
crops induced by root, stem or leaf exposure to salts", Irrig. Sci., vol. 7,
pp. 97-106, 1986.
[11] D. Morales-Garcia, K.A. Stewart, and P. Seguin, "Effects of saline water
on growth and physiology of bell pepper seedlings", Int. J. Veg. Sci.,
vol. 14, pp. 121-138, 2008.
[12] R. Munns, "Comparative physiology of salt and water stress", Plant Cell
Environ., vol. 25, pp. 239-250, 2002.
[13] R. Munns, and M. Tester, "Mechanisms of salinity tolerance", Annu.
Rev. Plant Biol., vol. 59, pp. 651-681, 2008.
[14] G.W. Netondo, J.C. Onyango, and E. Beck, "Sorghum and salinity: II.
Gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence of Sorghum under salt
stress", Crop Sci., vol. 44, pp. 806-811, 2004.
[15] N. Puppala, J.L. Fowler, L. Poindexter, and H.L. Bhardwaj, "Evaluation
of salinity tolerance of Canola germination", in Perspectives on New
Crops and Uses, J. Janick Ed. Alexandria, Va.: ASHS Press, 1999, pp.
251-253.
[16] V.M. Russo, J. Williamson, K. Roberts, J.R. Wright, and N. Maness,
"13C-nmr spectroscopy to monitor sugars in pith of internodes of a sh2
corn at developmental stages", HortScience, vol. 33, pp. 980-983, 1998.
[17] U. Shani, and L.M. Dudley, "Field studies of crop response to water and
salt stress", Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., vol. 65, pp. 1522-1528, 2001.
[18] P. Thomas, "Chapter 6 - acidity, salinity solonetzic. Canola response to
acidity, salinity and solonetzic soil", Canola growers manual. available
on-line at: http://www.canola council.org, 2010.
[19] N. Zollinger, R. Koenig, T. Cerny-Koenig, and R. Kjelgren, "Relative
salinity tolerance of intermountain western United States native
herbaceous perennials", HortScience, vol. 42, pp. 529-534, 2007.
[1] M. Almodares, M.R. Hadi, and H. Ahmadpour, "Sorghum stem yield
and soluble carbohydrates under different salinity levels", Africa J.
Biotechnol., vol. 7, pp. 4051-4055, 2008.
[2] L. Berstein, "Effects of salinity and sodicity on plant growth", Ann. Rev.
Phytopathol., vol. 13, pp. 295-312, 1975.
[3] F.F. Blanco, M.V. Folegatti, H.R. Gheyi, and P.D. Fernandes, "Growth
and yield of corn irrigated with saline water", Sci. Agric., vol. 65, pp.
574-580, 2008.
[4] G.E. Cardon, J.G. Davis, T.A. Bauder, T.A., and R.M. Waskom,
"Managing saline soils", Extension Publ. 0.503, Colorado State Univ.,
Ft. Collins, CO. available on-line at: http://www.ext.
colostate.edu/pubs/crop/00503.html, 2007.
[5] C.F. de Lacerda, J. Cambraia, M.A. Oliva, and H.A. Ruiz, "Osmotic
adjustment in roots and leaves of two sorghum genotypes under NaCl
stress", Brazilian J. Plant Physiol., vol. 15, pp. 113-118, 2003.
[6] A. Farsiani and M.E. Ghobadi, "Effects of PEG and NaCl stress on two
cultivars of corn (Zea mays L.) at germination and early seedling
stages", World Acad. Sci. Engineer. Technol., vol. 57, pp. 382-385,
2009.
[7] L.E. Francois, "Salinity effects of four sunflower hybrids", Agron. J.
vol. 88, pp. 215-219, 1996.
[8] M.D. Kaya, "The role of hull in germination and salinity tolerance in
some sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cultivars", African J.
Biotechnol., vol. 8, pp. 597-600, 2009.
[9] S. Miyamoto, K. Piela, and J. Pettigrew, "Salt effects on germination and
seedling emergence of several vegetable crops and guayule", Irrig. Sci.,
vol. 6, pp. 159-170, 1985.
[10] S. Miyamoto, K. Piela, and J. Pettigrew, "Seedling mortality of several
crops induced by root, stem or leaf exposure to salts", Irrig. Sci., vol. 7,
pp. 97-106, 1986.
[11] D. Morales-Garcia, K.A. Stewart, and P. Seguin, "Effects of saline water
on growth and physiology of bell pepper seedlings", Int. J. Veg. Sci.,
vol. 14, pp. 121-138, 2008.
[12] R. Munns, "Comparative physiology of salt and water stress", Plant Cell
Environ., vol. 25, pp. 239-250, 2002.
[13] R. Munns, and M. Tester, "Mechanisms of salinity tolerance", Annu.
Rev. Plant Biol., vol. 59, pp. 651-681, 2008.
[14] G.W. Netondo, J.C. Onyango, and E. Beck, "Sorghum and salinity: II.
Gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence of Sorghum under salt
stress", Crop Sci., vol. 44, pp. 806-811, 2004.
[15] N. Puppala, J.L. Fowler, L. Poindexter, and H.L. Bhardwaj, "Evaluation
of salinity tolerance of Canola germination", in Perspectives on New
Crops and Uses, J. Janick Ed. Alexandria, Va.: ASHS Press, 1999, pp.
251-253.
[16] V.M. Russo, J. Williamson, K. Roberts, J.R. Wright, and N. Maness,
"13C-nmr spectroscopy to monitor sugars in pith of internodes of a sh2
corn at developmental stages", HortScience, vol. 33, pp. 980-983, 1998.
[17] U. Shani, and L.M. Dudley, "Field studies of crop response to water and
salt stress", Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., vol. 65, pp. 1522-1528, 2001.
[18] P. Thomas, "Chapter 6 - acidity, salinity solonetzic. Canola response to
acidity, salinity and solonetzic soil", Canola growers manual. available
on-line at: http://www.canola council.org, 2010.
[19] N. Zollinger, R. Koenig, T. Cerny-Koenig, and R. Kjelgren, "Relative
salinity tolerance of intermountain western United States native
herbaceous perennials", HortScience, vol. 42, pp. 529-534, 2007.
@article{"International Journal of Biological, Life and Agricultural Sciences:51166", author = "Vincent M. Russo", title = "Salinity on Survival and Early Development of Biofuel Feedstock Crops", abstract = "Salinity level may affect early development of
biofuel feedstock crops. The biofuel feedstock crops canola
(Brassica napus L.), sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], and
sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.); and the potential feedstock crop
sweet corn (Zea mays L.) were planted in media in pots and treated
with aqueous solutions of 0, 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 M NaCl once at: 1)
planting; 2) 7-10 days after planting or 3) first true leaf expansion.
An additional treatment (4) comprised of one-half strength of the 0.1,
0.5 and 1.0 M (concentrations 0.05, 0.25, 0.5 M at each application)
was applied at first true leaf expansion and four days later. Survival
of most crops decreased below 90% above 0.5 M; survival of canola
decreased above 0.1 M. Application timing had little effect on crop
survival. For canola root fresh and dry weights improved when
application was at plant emergence; for sorghum top and root fresh
weights improved when the split application was used. When
application was at planting root dry weight was improved over most
other applications. Sunflower top fresh weight was among the
highest when saline solutions were split and top dry weight was
among the highest when application was at plant emergence. Sweet
corn root fresh weight was improved when the split application was
used or application was at planting. Sweet corn root dry weight was
highest when application was at planting or plant emergence. Even at
high salinity rates survival rates greater than what might be expected
occurred. Plants that survived appear to be able to adjust to saline
during the early stages of development.", keywords = "Canola, Development, Sorghum, Sunflower, Sweetcorn, Survival", volume = "5", number = "3", pages = "117-6", }