Abstract: Human amniotic membrane (HAM) is a useful
biological material for the reconstruction of damaged ocular surface.
The processing and preservation of HAM is critical to prevent the
patients undergoing amniotic membrane transplant (AMT) from cross
infections. For HAM preparation human placenta is obtained after an
elective cesarean delivery. Before collection, the donor is screened
for seronegativity of HCV, Hbs Ag, HIV and Syphilis. After
collection, placenta is washed in balanced salt solution (BSS) in
sterile environment. Amniotic membrane is then separated from the
placenta as well as chorion while keeping the preparation in BSS.
Scrapping of HAM is then carried out manually until all the debris is
removed and clear transparent membrane is acquired. Nitrocellulose
membrane filters are then placed on the stromal side of HAM, cut
around the edges with little membrane folded towards other side
making it easy to separate during surgery. HAM is finally stored in
solution of glycerine and Dulbecco-s Modified Eagle Medium
(DMEM) in 1:1 ratio containing antibiotics. The capped borosil vials
containing HAM are kept at -80°C until use. This vial is thawed to
room temperature and opened under sterile operation theatre
conditions at the time of surgery.
Abstract: Partial Discharge measurement is a very important
means of assessing the integrity of insulation systems in a High
Voltage apparatus. In compressed gas insulation systems, floating
particles can initiate partial discharge activities which adversely
affect the working of insulation. Partial Discharges below the
inception voltage also plays a crucial in damaging the integrity of
insulation over a period of time. This paper discusses the effect of
loose and fixed Copper and Nichrome wire particles on the PD
characteristics in SF6-N2 (10:90) gas mixtures at a pressure of
0.4MPa. The Partial Discharge statistical parameters and their
correlation to the observed results are discussed.
Abstract: In the present paper, the three-dimensional
temperature field of tool is determined during the machining and
compared with experimental work on C45 workpiece using carbide
cutting tool inserts. During the metal cutting operations, high
temperature is generated in the tool cutting edge which influence on
the rate of tool wear. Temperature is most important characteristic of
machining processes; since many parameters such as cutting speed,
surface quality and cutting forces depend on the temperature and high
temperatures can cause high mechanical stresses which lead to early
tool wear and reduce tool life. Therefore, considerable attention is
paid to determine tool temperatures. The experiments are carried out
for dry and orthogonal machining condition. The results show that
the increase of tool temperature depends on depth of cut and
especially cutting speed in high range of cutting conditions.
Abstract: Classes on creativity, innovation, and entrepreneurship
are becoming quite popular at universities throughout the world.
However, it is not easy for business students to get involved to
innovative activities, especially patent application. The present study
investigated how to enhance business students- intention to participate
in innovative activities and which incentives universities should
consider. A 22-item research scale was used, and confirmatory factor
analysis was conducted to verify its reliability and validity. Multiple
regression and discriminant analyses were also conducted. The results
demonstrate the effect of growth-need strength on innovative behavior
and indicate that the theory of planned behavior can explain and
predict business students- intention to participate in innovative
activities. Additionally, the results suggest that applying our proposed
model in practice would effectively strengthen business students-
intentions to engage in innovative activities.
Abstract: This article proposes modeling, simulation and
kinematic and workspace analysis of a spatial cable suspended robot
as incompletely Restrained Positioning Mechanism (IRPM). These
types of robots have six cables equal to the number of degrees of
freedom. After modeling, the kinds of workspace are defined then an
statically reachable combined workspace for different geometric
structures of fixed and moving platform is obtained. This workspace
is defined as the situations of reference point of the moving platform
(center of mass) which under external forces such as weight and with
ignorance of inertial effects, the moving platform should be in static
equilibrium under conditions that length of all cables must not be
exceeded from the maximum value and all of cables must be at
tension (they must have non-negative tension forces). Then the effect
of various parameters such as the size of moving platform, the size of
fixed platform, geometric configuration of robots, magnitude of
applied forces and moments to moving platform on workspace of
these robots with different geometric configuration are investigated.
Obtained results should be effective in employing these robots under
different conditions of applied wrench for increasing the workspace
volume.
Abstract: Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) comprises of sensor
nodes which are designed to sense the environment, transmit sensed
data back to the base station via multi-hop routing to reconstruct
physical phenomena. Since physical phenomena exists significant
overlaps between temporal redundancy and spatial redundancy, it is
necessary to use Redundancy Suppression Algorithms (RSA) for sensor
node to lower energy consumption by reducing the transmission
of redundancy. A conventional algorithm of RSAs is threshold-based
RSA, which sets threshold to suppress redundant data. Although
many temporal and spatial RSAs are proposed, temporal-spatial RSA
are seldom to be proposed because it is difficult to determine when
to utilize temporal or spatial RSAs. In this paper, we proposed a
novel temporal-spatial redundancy suppression algorithm, Codebookbase
Redundancy Suppression Mechanism (CRSM). CRSM adopts
vector quantization to generate a codebook, which is easily used to
implement temporal-spatial RSA. CRSM not only achieves power
saving and reliability for WSN, but also provides the predictability
of network lifetime. Simulation result shows that the network lifetime
of CRSM outperforms at least 23% of that of other RSAs.
Abstract: In this paper a numerical algorithm is described for solving the boundary value problem associated with axisymmetric, inviscid, incompressible, rotational (and irrotational) flow in order to obtain duct wall shapes from prescribed wall velocity distributions. The governing equations are formulated in terms of the stream function ψ (x,y)and the function φ (x,y)as independent variables where for irrotational flow φ (x,y)can be recognized as the velocity potential function, for rotational flow φ (x,y)ceases being the velocity potential function but does remain orthogonal to the stream lines. A numerical method based on the finite difference scheme on a uniform mesh is employed. The technique described is capable of tackling the so-called inverse problem where the velocity wall distributions are prescribed from which the duct wall shape is calculated, as well as the direct problem where the velocity distribution on the duct walls are calculated from prescribed duct geometries. The two different cases as outlined in this paper are in fact boundary value problems with Neumann and Dirichlet boundary conditions respectively. Even though both approaches are discussed, only numerical results for the case of the Dirichlet boundary conditions are given. A downstream condition is prescribed such that cylindrical flow, that is flow which is independent of the axial coordinate, exists.
Abstract: In this paper, a new approach is introduced to solve
Blasius equation using parameter identification of a nonlinear
function which is used as approximation function. Bees Algorithm
(BA) is applied in order to find the adjustable parameters of
approximation function regarding minimizing a fitness function
including these parameters (i.e. adjustable parameters). These
parameters are determined how the approximation function has to
satisfy the boundary conditions. In order to demonstrate the
presented method, the obtained results are compared with another
numerical method. Present method can be easily extended to solve a
wide range of problems.
Abstract: Rule Discovery is an important technique for mining
knowledge from large databases. Use of objective measures for
discovering interesting rules leads to another data mining problem,
although of reduced complexity. Data mining researchers have
studied subjective measures of interestingness to reduce the volume
of discovered rules to ultimately improve the overall efficiency of
KDD process.
In this paper we study novelty of the discovered rules as a
subjective measure of interestingness. We propose a hybrid approach
based on both objective and subjective measures to quantify novelty
of the discovered rules in terms of their deviations from the known
rules (knowledge). We analyze the types of deviation that can arise
between two rules and categorize the discovered rules according to
the user specified threshold. We implement the proposed framework
and experiment with some public datasets. The experimental results
are promising.
Abstract: Sesame is one of the oldest and most important oil
crops as main crop and second crop agriculture. This study was
carried out to determine the effects of different inter- and intra-row
spacings on the yield and yield components on second crop sesame;
was set up in Antalya West Mediterranean Agricultural Research
Institue in 2009. Muganlı 57 sesame cultivar was used as plant
material. The field experiment was set up in a split plot design and
row spacings (30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 cm) were assigned to the main
plots and and intra-row spacings (5, 10, 20 and 30 cm) were assigned
to the subplots. Seed yield, oil ratio, oil yield, protein ratio and
protein yield were investigated. In general, wided inter row spacings
and intra-row spacings, resulted in decreased seed yield, oil yield and
protein yield. The highest seed yield, oil yield and protein yield
(respectively, 1115.0 kg ha-1, 551.3 kg ha-1, 224.7 kg ha-1) were
obtained from 30x5 cm plant density while the lowest seed yield, oil
yield and protein yield (respectively, 677.0 kg ha-1, 327.0 kg ha-1,
130.0 kg ha-1) were recorded from 70x30 cm plant density. As a
result, in terms of oil yield for second crop sesame agriculture, 30 cm
row spacing, and 5 cm intra row spacing are the most suitable plant
densities.
Abstract: the intension in this work is to investigate the effect of
different bending manifold pipes on engine performance for different
engine speed. Power, Torque, and BSFC were calculated and
presented to show the effect of varying bending pipes angles on them
for all cases considered. A special program used to carry out the
calculations. A simulation model for 4-cylinders spark ignition
engine with turbocharger has been built and calculated. The analysis
of the results shows that for 120o angle the torque increases about
40% at 3000 rpm and 25% at 4000 rpm without changing in fuel
consumption. For 90o angle the increment in torque is about 10 %.
For the same bending angle the increment in brake power is around
40% at 3000 rpm and 25% at 4000 rpm. The increment in fuel
consumption is about 12% for 60o and 30% for 90o between (6000-
7000) rpm.
Abstract: The automatic transmission (AT) is one of the most
important components of many automobile transmission systems. The
shift quality has a significant influence on the ride comfort of the
vehicle. During the AT shift process, the joint elements such as the
clutch and bands engage or disengage, linking sets of gears to create a
fixed gear ratio. Since these ratios differ between gears in a fixed gear
ratio transmission, the motion of the vehicle could change suddenly
during the shift process if the joint elements are engaged or disengaged
inappropriately, additionally impacting the entire transmission system
and increasing the temperature of connect elements.The objective was
to establish a system model for an AT powertrain using
Matlab/Simulink. This paper further analyses the effect of varying
hydraulic pressure and the associated impact on shift quality during
both engagment and disengagement of the joint elements, proving that
shift quality improvements could be achieved with appropriate
hydraulic pressure control.
Abstract: This research focuses on the effect of weight
percentage variation and size variation of MgFeSi added,
gating system design and reaction chamber design on inmold
process. By using inmold process, well-known problem of
fading is avoided because the liquid iron reacts with
magnesium in the mold and not, as usual, in the ladle. During
the pouring operation, liquid metal passes through the
chamber containing the magnesium, where the reaction of the
metal with magnesium proceeds in the absence of atmospheric
oxygen [1].In this paper, the results of microstructural
characteristic of ductile iron on this parameters are mentioned.
The mechanisms of the inmold process are also described [2].
The data obtained from this research will assist in producing
the vehicle parts and other machinery parts for different
industrial zones and government industries and in transferring
the technology to all industrial zones in Myanmar. Therefore,
the inmold technology offers many advantages over traditional
treatment methods both from a technical and environmental,
as well as an economical point of view. The main objective of
this research is to produce ductile iron castings in all industrial
sectors in Myanmar more easily with lower costs. It will also
assist the sharing of knowledge and experience related to the
ductile iron production.
Abstract: This paper proposes an efficient learning method for the layered neural networks based on the selection of training data and input characteristics of an output layer unit. Comparing to recent neural networks; pulse neural networks, quantum neuro computation, etc, the multilayer network is widely used due to its simple structure. When learning objects are complicated, the problems, such as unsuccessful learning or a significant time required in learning, remain unsolved. Focusing on the input data during the learning stage, we undertook an experiment to identify the data that makes large errors and interferes with the learning process. Our method devides the learning process into several stages. In general, input characteristics to an output layer unit show oscillation during learning process for complicated problems. The multi-stage learning method proposes by the authors for the function approximation problems of classifying learning data in a phased manner, focusing on their learnabilities prior to learning in the multi layered neural network, and demonstrates validity of the multi-stage learning method. Specifically, this paper verifies by computer experiments that both of learning accuracy and learning time are improved of the BP method as a learning rule of the multi-stage learning method. In learning, oscillatory phenomena of a learning curve serve an important role in learning performance. The authors also discuss the occurrence mechanisms of oscillatory phenomena in learning. Furthermore, the authors discuss the reasons that errors of some data remain large value even after learning, observing behaviors during learning.
Abstract: Web sites are rapidly becoming the preferred media
choice for our daily works such as information search, company
presentation, shopping, and so on. At the same time, we live in a
period where visual appearances play an increasingly important
role in our daily life. In spite of designers- effort to develop a web
site which be both user-friendly and attractive, it would be difficult
to ensure the outcome-s aesthetic quality, since the visual
appearance is a matter of an individual self perception and opinion.
In this study, it is attempted to develop an automatic system for
web pages aesthetic evaluation which are the building blocks of
web sites. Based on the image processing techniques and artificial
neural networks, the proposed method would be able to categorize
the input web page according to its visual appearance and aesthetic
quality. The employed features are multiscale/multidirectional
textural and perceptual color properties of the web pages, fed to
perceptron ANN which has been trained as the evaluator. The
method is tested using university web sites and the results
suggested that it would perform well in the web page aesthetic
evaluation tasks with around 90% correct categorization.
Abstract: Validity is an overriding consideration in language testing. If a test score is intended for a particular purpose, this must be supported through empirical evidence. This article addresses the validity of a multiple-choice achievement test (MCT). The test is administered at the end of each semester to decide about students' mastery of a course in general English. To provide empirical evidence pertaining to the validity of this test, two criterion measures were used. In so doing, a Cloze test and a C-test which are reported to gauge general English proficiency were utilized. The results of analyses show that there is a statistically significant correlation among participants' scores on the MCT, Cloze, and Ctest. Drawing on the findings of the study, it can be cautiously deduced that these tests measure the same underlying trait. However, allowing for the limitations of using criterion measures to validate tests, we cannot make any absolute claim as to the validity of this MCT test.
Abstract: In Algeria, now, the oil pumping plants are fed with electric power by independent local sources. This type of feeding has many advantages (little climatic influence, independent operation). However it requires a qualified maintenance staff, a rather high frequency of maintenance and repair and additional fuel costs. Taking into account the increasing development of the national electric supply network (Sonelgaz), a real possibility of transfer of the local sources towards centralized sources appears.These latter cannot only be more economic but more reliable than the independent local sources as well. In order to carry out this transfer, it is necessary to work out an optimal strategy to rebuilding these networks taking in account the economic parameters and the indices of reliability.
Abstract: To offer a large variety of products while maintaining
low costs, high speed, and high quality in a mass customization
product development environment, platform based product
development has much benefit and usefulness in many industry fields.
This paper proposes a product configuration strategy by similarity
measure, incorporating the knowledge engineering principles such as
product information model, ontology engineering, and formal concept
analysis.
Abstract: A retrospective study was undertaken to record the
occurrence and pattern of fractures in small animals (dogs and cats)
from year 2005 to 2010. A total of 650 cases were presented in small
animal surgery unit out of which of 116 (dogs and cats) were
presented with history of fractures of different bones. A total of
17.8% (116/650) cases were of fractures which constituted dogs 67%
while cats were 23%. The majority of animals were intact. Trauma in
the form of road side accident was the principal cause of fractures in
dogs whereas as in cats it was fall from height. The ages of the
fractured dog ranged from 4 months to 12 years whereas in cat it was
from 4 weeks to 10 years. The femoral fractures represented 37.5%
and 25% respectively in dogs and cats. Diaphysis, distal metaphyseal
and supracondylar fractures were the most affected sites in dog and
cats. Tibial fracture in dogs and cats represented 21.5% and 10%
while humoral fractures were 7.9% and 14% in dogs and cats
respectively. Humoral condyler fractures were most commonly seen
in puppies aged 4 to 6 months. Fractured radius-ulna incidence was
19% and 14% in dogs and cats respectively. Other fractures recorded
were of lumbar vertebrae, mandible and metacarpals etc. The
management comprised of external and internal fixation in both the
species. The most common internal fixation technique employed was
Intramedullary fixation in long followed by other methods like stack
or cross pinning, wiring etc as per findings in the cases. The cast
bandage was used majorly as mean for external coaptation. The
paper discusses the outcome of the case as per the technique
employed.
Abstract: Nowadays, we are facing with network threats that
cause enormous damage to the Internet community day by day. In
this situation, more and more people try to prevent their network
security using some traditional mechanisms including firewall,
Intrusion Detection System, etc. Among them honeypot is a versatile
tool for a security practitioner, of course, they are tools that are meant
to be attacked or interacted with to more information about attackers,
their motives and tools. In this paper, we will describe usefulness of
low-interaction honeypot and high-interaction honeypot and
comparison between them. And then we propose hybrid honeypot
architecture that combines low and high -interaction honeypot to
mitigate the drawback. In this architecture, low-interaction honeypot
is used as a traffic filter. Activities like port scanning can be
effectively detected by low-interaction honeypot and stop there.
Traffic that cannot be handled by low-interaction honeypot is handed
over to high-interaction honeypot. In this case, low-interaction
honeypot is used as proxy whereas high-interaction honeypot offers
the optimal level realism. To prevent the high-interaction honeypot
from infections, containment environment (VMware) is used.