Abstract: In this paper is to evaluate audio and speech quality
with the help of Digital Audio Watermarking Technique under the
different types of attacks (signal impairments) like Gaussian Noise,
Compression Error and Jittering Effect. Further attacks are
considered as Hostile Environment. Audio and Speech Quality
Evaluation is an important research topic. The traditional way for
speech quality evaluation is using subjective tests. They are reliable,
but very expensive, time consuming, and cannot be used in certain
applications such as online monitoring. Objective models, based on
human perception, were developed to predict the results of subjective
tests. The existing objective methods require either the original
speech or complicated computation model, which makes some
applications of quality evaluation impossible.
Abstract: While computers are known to facilitate lower levels of learning, such as rote memorization of facts, measurable through electronically administered and graded multiple-choice questions, yes/no, and true/false answers, the imparting and measurement of higher-level cognitive skills is more vexing. These require more open-ended delivery and answers, and may be more problematic in an entirely virtual environment, notwithstanding the advances in technologies such as wikis, blogs, discussion boards, etc. As with the integration of all technology, merit is based more on the instructional design of the course than on the technology employed in, and of, itself. With this in mind, this study examined the perceptions of online students in an introductory Computer Information Systems course regarding the fostering of various higher-order thinking and team-building skills as a result of the activities, resources and technologies (ART) used in the course.
Abstract: In present paper we proposed a simple and effective method to compress an image. Here we found success in size reduction of an image without much compromising with it-s quality. Here we used Haar Wavelet Transform to transform our original image and after quantization and thresholding of DWT coefficients Run length coding and Huffman coding schemes have been used to encode the image. DWT is base for quite populate JPEG 2000 technique.
Abstract: novel and simple method is introduced for rapid and
highly efficient water treatment by reverse osmosis (RO) method using
multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) / polyacrylonitrile (PAN)
polymer as a flexible, highly efficient, reusable and semi-permeable
mixed matrix membrane (MMM). For this purpose, MWCNTs were
directly synthesized and on-line purified by chemical vapor deposition
(CVD) process, followed by directing the MWCNT bundles towards an
ultrasonic bath, in which PAN polymer was simultaneously suspended
inside a solid porous silica support in water at temperature to ~70 οC.
Fabrication process of MMM was finally completed by hot isostatic
pressing (HIP) process. In accordance with the analytical figures of
merit, the efficiency of fabricated MMM was ~97%. The rate of water
treatment process was also evaluated to 6.35 L min-1. The results reveal
that, the CNT-based MMM is suitable for rapid treatment of different
forms of industrial, sea, drinking and well water samples.
Abstract: This paper presents a novel method for prediction of
the mechanical behavior of proximal femur using the general
framework of the quantitative computed tomography (QCT)-based
finite element Analysis (FEA). A systematic imaging and modeling
procedure was developed for reliable correspondence between the
QCT-based FEA and the in-vitro mechanical testing. A speciallydesigned
holding frame was used to define and maintain a unique
geometrical reference system during the analysis and testing. The
QCT images were directly converted into voxel-based 3D finite
element models for linear and nonlinear analyses. The equivalent
plastic strain and the strain energy density measures were used to
identify the critical elements and predict the failure patterns. The
samples were destructively tested using a specially-designed gripping
fixture (with five degrees of freedom) mounted within a universal
mechanical testing machine. Very good agreements were found
between the experimental and the predicted failure patterns and the
associated load levels.
Abstract: Based on the thermodynamic theory, the dependence of
sublimation energy of metal on temperature and pressure is discussed,
and the results indicate that the sublimation energy decreases linearly
with the increase of temperature and pressure. Combined with this
result, the blow-off impulse of aluminum induced by pulsed X-ray is
simulated by smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method. The
numerical results show that, while the change of sublimation energy
with temperature and pressure is considered, the blow-off impulse of
aluminum is larger than the case that the sublimation energy is
assumed to be a constant.
Abstract: In article the data of chronic toxicity for pre-clinical
researches of Ramon preparation is described. Ramon effects to
hormone system and gastrointestinal tract; local irritative effect,
allergic, pyrogenic properties and reaction to the immune system
were studied.
Abstract: Gilaburu (Viburnum opulus L.) grown naturally in
Anatolia. In this study, some physico-chemical (sugar, acid, protein,
crude fat, crude fiber, ash etc.) characteristics and mineral
composition of Gilaburu fruit have been investigated. The length,
width, thickness, weight, total soluble solid, protein, crude ash, crude
fiber and crude oil of fruit were found to be 1.12 cm, 1.58 cm, 1.87
cm, 0.87 g, 14.73 %, 0.2 %, 0.11 %, 6.56 % and 0.4 %, respectively.
The seed of fruit mean weight, length, width and thickness were
determinated as 0.08 g, 7.76 cm, 7.67 cm and 1.66, respectively. In
addition 27 mineral elements (Al, Mg, Na, Ba, Ca, Ni, Cd, P, Cr, Pb,
S, Cu, Se, Fe, K, Sr, Li, Z, V, Ag, Bi, Co, Mn, B, Ga, In, Ti) were
analyzed. Gilaburu (Viburnum opulus L.) fruit was richest in
potassium (10764.764 ppm), Mg (1289.088 ppm) and P (1304.169
ppm).
Abstract: During the last few years, several sheet hydroforming
processes have been introduced. Despite the advantages of these
methods, they have some limitations. Of the processes, the two main
ones are the standard hydroforming and hydromechanical deep
drawing. A new sheet hydroforming die set was proposed that has the
advantages of both processes and eliminates their limitations. In this
method, a polyurethane plate was used as a part of the die-set to
control the blank holder force. This paper outlines the Taguchi
optimization methodology, which is applied to optimize the effective
parameters in forming cylindrical cups by the new die set of sheet
hydroforming process. The process parameters evaluated in this
research are polyurethane hardness, polyurethane thickness, forming
pressure path and polyurethane hole diameter. The design of
experiments based upon L9 orthogonal arrays by Taguchi was used
and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed to analyze the
effect of these parameters on the forming pressure. The analysis of
the results showed that the optimal combination for low forming
pressure is harder polyurethane, bigger diameter of polyurethane hole
and thinner polyurethane. Finally, the confirmation test was derived
based on the optimal combination of parameters and it was shown
that the Taguchi method is suitable to examine the optimization
process.
Abstract: The ability to detect and classify the type of fault
plays a great role in the protection of power system. This procedure
is required to be precise with no time consumption. In this paper
detection of fault type has been implemented using wavelet analysis
together with wavelet entropy principle. The simulation of power
system is carried out using PSCAD/EMTDC. Different types of
faults were studied obtaining various current waveforms. These
current waveforms were decomposed using wavelet analysis into
different approximation and details. The wavelet entropy of such
decompositions is analyzed reaching a successful methodology for
fault classification. The suggested approach is tested using different
fault types and proven successful identification for the type of fault.
Abstract: Neem is a highly heterozygous and commercially
important perennial plant. Conventionally, it is propagated by seeds
which loose viability within two weeks. Strictly cross pollinating
nature of the plant causes serious barrier to the genetic improvement
by conventional methods. Alternative methods of tree improvement
such as somatic hybridization, mutagenesis and genetic
transformation require an efficient in vitro plant regeneration system.
In this regard, somatic embryogenesis particularly secondary somatic
embryogenesis may offer an effective system for large scale plant
propagation without affecting the clonal fidelity of the regenerants. It
can be used for synthetic seed production, which further bolsters
conservation of this tree species which is otherwise very difficult
The present report describes the culture conditions necessary to
induce and maintain repetitive somatic embryogenesis, for the first
time, in neem. Out of various treatments tested, the somatic embryos
were induced directly from immature zygotic embryos of neem on
MS + TDZ (0.1 μM) + ABA (4 μM), in more than 76 % cultures.
Direct secondary somatic embryogenesis occurred from primary
somatic embryos on MS + IAA (5 μM) + GA3 (5 μM) in 12.5 %
cultures. Embryogenic competence of the explant as well as of the
primary embryos was maintained for a long period by repeated
subcultures at frequent intervals. A maximum of 10 % of these
somatic embryos were converted into plantlets.
Abstract: Animated graph gives some good impressions in
presenting information. However, not many people are able to produce it because the process of generating an animated graph requires some technical skills. This work presents Content
Management System with Animated Graph (CMS-AG). It is a webbased system enabling users to produce an effective and interactive
graphical report in a short time period. It allows for three levels of user authentication, provides update profile, account management, template management, graph management, and track changes. The system development applies incremental development approach, object-oriented concepts and Web programming technologies. The design architecture promotes new technology of reporting. It also helps user cut off unnecessary expenses, save time and learn new things on different levels of users. In this paper, the developed system is described.
Abstract: In this paper, we propose a side-peak cancellation
scheme for code acquisition of composite binary offset carrier
(CBOC) signals. We first model the family of CBOC signals in a
generic form, and then, propose a side-peak cancellation scheme
by combining correlation functions between the divided sub-carrier
and received signals. From numerical results, it is shown that the
proposed scheme removes the side-peak completely, and moreover,
the resulting correlation function demonstrates the better power ratio
performance than the CBOC autocorrelation.
Abstract: Development of levels of service in municipal context
is a flexible vehicle to assist in performing quality-cost trade-off
analysis for municipal services. This trade-off depends on the
willingness of a community to pay as well as on the condition of the
assets. Community perspective of the performance of an asset from
service point of view may be quite different from the municipality
perspective of the performance of the same asset from condition
point of view. This paper presents a three phased level of service
based methodology for water mains that consists of :1)development
of an Analytical Hierarchy model of level of service 2) development
of Fuzzy Weighted Sum model of water main condition index and 3)
deriving a Fuzzy logic based function that maps level of service to
asset condition index. This mapping will assist asset managers in
quantifying condition improvement requirement to meet service
goals and to make more informed decisions on interventions and
relayed priorities.
Abstract: A Cable-Driven Locomotion Interface provides a low
inertia haptic interface and is used as a way of enabling the user
to walk and interact with virtual surfaces. These surfaces generate
Cartesian wrenches which must be optimized for each motorized
reel in order to reproduce a haptic sensation in both feet. However,
the use of wrench control requires a measure of the cable tensions
applied to the moving platform. The latter measure may be inaccurate
if it is based on sensors located near the reel. Moreover, friction
hysteresis from the reel moving parts needs to be compensated
for with an evaluation of low angular velocity of the motor shaft.
Also, the pose of the platform is not known precisely due to cable
sagging and mechanical deformation. This paper presents a non-ideal
motorized reel design with its corresponding control strategy that
aims at overcoming the aforementioned issues. A transfert function
of the reel based on frequency responses in function of cable tension
and cable length is presented with an optimal adaptative PIDF
controller. Finally, an hybrid position/tension control is discussed with
an analysis of the stability for achieving a complete functionnality of
the haptic platform.
Abstract: In this paper the gradient based iterative algorithm is
presented to solve the linear matrix equation AXB +CXTD = E,
where X is unknown matrix, A,B,C,D,E are the given constant
matrices. It is proved that if the equation has a solution, then the
unique minimum norm solution can be obtained by choosing a special
kind of initial matrices. Two numerical examples show that the
introduced iterative algorithm is quite efficient.
Abstract: Thermal-driven refrigeration systems have attracted increasing research and development interest in recent years. These systems do not cause ozone depletion and can reduce demand on electricity. The main objective of this work is to perform theoretical analyses of a thermal-driven refrigeration system using a new sorbent-sorptive pair as the working pair. The active component of sorbent is sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN). Ammonia (NH3) is chosen as sorptive. Based on the thermodynamic properties of the working solution, a mathematical model is introduced to analyze the system characteristics and performance. The results are used to compare with other thermal-driven refrigeration systems. It is shown that the advantages provided by this system over other absorption units include lower generator and evaporator temperatures, a higher coefficient of performance (COP). The COP is about 10 percent higher than the ones for the NH3-H2O system working at the same conditions.
Abstract: Building inspection is one of the key components of building maintenance. The primary purpose of performing a building inspection is to evaluate the building-s condition. Without inspection, it is difficult to determine a built asset-s current condition, so failure to inspect can contribute to the asset-s future failure. Traditionally, a longhand survey description has been widely used for property condition reports. Surveys that employ ratings instead of descriptions are gaining wide acceptance in the industry because they cater to the need for numerical analysis output. These kinds of surveys are also in keeping with the new RICS HomeBuyer Report 2009. In this paper, we propose a new assessment method, derived from the current rating systems, for assessing the specifically smart school building-s condition and rating the seriousness of each defect identified. These two assessment criteria are then multiplied to find the building-s score, which we called the Condition Survey Protocol (CSP) 1 Matrix. Instead of a longhand description of a building-s defects, this matrix requires concise explanations about the defects identified, thus saving on-site time during a smart school building inspection. The full score is used to give the building an overall rating: Good, Fair or Dilapidated.
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to provide a practical
example to the Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) controller. This
method includes a description and some discussion of the discrete
Kalman state estimator. One aspect of this optimality is that the
estimator incorporates all information that can be provided to it. It
processes all available measurements, regardless of their precision, to
estimate the current value of the variables of interest, with use of
knowledge of the system and measurement device dynamics, the
statistical description of the system noises, measurement errors, and
uncertainty in the dynamics models.
Since the time of its introduction, the Kalman filter has been the
subject of extensive research and application, particularly in the area
of autonomous or assisted navigation. For example, to determine the
velocity of an aircraft or sideslip angle, one could use a Doppler
radar, the velocity indications of an inertial navigation system, or the
relative wind information in the air data system. Rather than ignore
any of these outputs, a Kalman filter could be built to combine all of
this data and knowledge of the various systems- dynamics to
generate an overall best estimate of velocity and sideslip angle.
Abstract: In this paper, we introduce a robust state feedback controller design using Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIs) and guaranteed cost approach for Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy systems. The purpose on this work is to establish a systematic method to design controllers for a class of uncertain linear and non linear systems. Our approach utilizes a certain type of fuzzy systems that are based on Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy models to approximate nonlinear systems. We use a robust control methodology to design controllers. This method not only guarantees stability, but also minimizes an upper bound on a linear quadratic performance measure. A simulation example is presented to show the effectiveness of this method.