Abstract: These Monolayer and multilayer coatings of CrN and
AlCrN deposited on 100Cr6 (AISI 52100) substrate by PVD
magnetron sputtering system. The microstructures of the coatings
were characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The AFM
analysis revealed the presence of domes and craters that are
uniformly distributed over all surfaces of the various layers.
Nanoindentation measurement of CrN coating showed maximum
hardness (H) and modulus (E) of 14 GPa and 190 GPa, respectively.
The measured H and E values of AlCrN coatings were found to be 30
GPa and 382 GPa, respectively. The improved hardness in both the
coatings was attributed mainly to a reduction in crystallite size and
decrease in surface roughness. The incorporation of Al into the CrN
coatings has improved both hardness and Young’s modulus.
Abstract: Distillery spentwash contains high chemical oxygen
demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), color, total
dissolved solids (TDS) and other contaminants even after biological
treatment. The effluent can’t be discharged as such in the surface
water bodies or land without further treatment. Reverse osmosis (RO)
treatment plants have been installed in many of the distilleries at
tertiary level in many of the distilleries in India, but are not properly
working due to fouling problem which is caused by the presence of
high concentration of organic matter and other contaminants in
biologically treated spentwash. In order to make the membrane
treatment a proven and reliable technology, proper pre-treatment is
mandatory. In the present study, ultra-filtration (UF) for pretreatment
of RO at tertiary stage has been performed. Operating
parameters namely initial pH (pHo: 2–10), trans-membrane pressure
(TMP: 4-20 bars) and temperature (T: 15-43°C) were used for
conducting experiments with UF system. Experiments were
optimized at different operating parameters in terms of COD, color,
TDS and TOC removal by using response surface methodology
(RSM) with central composite design. The results showed that
removal of COD, color and TDS was 62%, 93.5% and 75.5%
respectively, with UF, at optimized conditions with increased
permeate flux from 17.5 l/m2/h (RO) to 38 l/m2/h (UF-RO). The
performance of the RO system was greatly improved both in term of
pollutant removal as well as water recovery.
Abstract: The aim of the present study is to detect the chaotic
behavior in monetary economic relevant dynamical system. The
study employs three different forms of Taylor rules: current, forward,
and backward looking. The result suggests the existence of the
chaotic behavior in all three systems. In addition, the results strongly
represent that using expectations in policy rule especially rational
expectation hypothesis can increase complexity of the system and
leads to more chaotic behavior.
Abstract: In the cooperative transmission scheme, both the
cellular system and broadcasting system are composed. Two cellular
base stations (CBSs) communicating with a user in the cell edge use
cooperative transmission scheme in the conventional scheme. In the
case that the distance between two CBSs and the user is distant, the
conventional scheme does not guarantee the quality of the
communication because the channel condition is bad. Therefore, if the
distance between CBSs and a user is distant, the performance of the
conventional scheme is decreased. Also, the bad channel condition has
bad effects on the performance. The proposed scheme uses two relays
to communicate well with CBSs when the channel condition between
CBSs and the user is poor. Using the relay in the high attenuation
environment can obtain both advantages of the high bit error rate
(BER) and throughput performance.
Abstract: In this paper, influence of harmonics on medium
voltage distribution system of Bogazici Electricity Distribution Inc.
(BEDAS) which takes place at Istanbul/Turkey is investigated. A ring
network consisting of residential loads is taken into account for this
study. Real system parameters and measurement results are used for
simulations. Also, probable working conditions of the system are
analyzed for 50%, 75%, and 100% loading of transformers with
similar harmonic contents. Results of the study are exhibited the
influence of nonlinear loads on %THDV, P.F. and technical losses of
the medium voltage distribution system.
Abstract: High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) power
transmission is employed to move large amounts of electric power.
There are several possibilities to enhance the transient stability in a
power system. One adequate option is by using the high
controllability of the HVDC if HVDC is available in the system. This
paper presents a control technique for HVDC to enhance the transient
stability. The strategy controls the power through the HVDC to help
make the system more transient stable during disturbances. Loss of
synchronism is prevented by quickly producing sufficient
decelerating energy to counteract accelerating energy gained during.
In this study, the power flow in the HVDC link is modulated with the
addition of an auxiliary signal to the current reference of the rectifier
firing angle controller. This modulation control signal is derived from
speed deviation signal of the generator utilizing a PD controller; the
utilization of a PD controller is suitable because it has the property of
fast response. The effectiveness of the proposed controller is
demonstrated with a SMIB test system.
Abstract: In this paper, we present a four-step ortho-rectification
procedure for real-time geo-referencing of video data from a low-cost
UAV equipped with a multi-sensor system. The basic procedures for
the real-time ortho-rectification are: (1) decompilation of the video
stream into individual frames; (2) establishing the interior camera
orientation parameters; (3) determining the relative orientation
parameters for each video frame with respect to each other; (4)
finding the absolute orientation parameters, using a self-calibration
bundle and adjustment with the aid of a mathematical model. Each
ortho-rectified video frame is then mosaicked together to produce a
mosaic image of the test area, which is then merged with a well
referenced existing digital map for the purpose of geo-referencing
and aerial surveillance. A test field located in Abuja, Nigeria was
used to evaluate our method. Video and telemetry data were collected
for about fifteen minutes, and they were processed using the four-step
ortho-rectification procedure. The results demonstrated that the
geometric measurement of the control field from ortho-images is
more accurate when compared with those from original perspective
images when used to pin point the exact location of targets on the
video imagery acquired by the UAV. The 2-D planimetric accuracy
when compared with the 6 control points measured by a GPS receiver
is between 3 to 5 metres.
Abstract: Acoustic properties of polymeric liquids are high
sensitive to free gas traces in the form of fine bubbles. Their presence
is typical for such liquids because of chemical reactions, small
wettability of solid boundaries, trapping of air in technological
operations, etc. Liquid temperature influences essentially its
rheological properties, which may have an impact on the bubble
pulsations and sound propagation in the system. The target of the
paper is modeling of the liquid temperature effect on single bubble
dynamics and sound dispersion and attenuation in polymeric solution
with spherical gas bubbles. The basic sources of attenuation (heat
exchange between gas in microbubbles and surrounding liquid,
rheological and acoustic losses) are taken into account. It is supposed
that in the studied temperature range the interface mass transfer has a
minor effect on bubble dynamics. The results of the study indicate
that temperature raise yields enhancement of bubble pulsations and
increase in sound attenuation in the near-resonance range and may
have a strong impact on sound dispersion in the liquid-bubble
mixture at frequencies close to the resonance frequency of bubbles.
Abstract: This paper aims to project the construction of a
prototype azimuthal thruster, mounted with materials of low cost and
easy access, testing in a controlled environment to measure their
performance, characteristics and feasibility of future projects. The
construction of the simulation of dynamic positioning software,
responsible for simulating a vessel and reposition it when necessary.
Validation tests were performed in the form of partial or complete
system. These tests validate the system manually or automatically.
The system provides an interface to the user and simulates the
conditions unfavorable positioning of a vessel, accurately calculates
the azimuth angle, the direction of rotation of the helix and the time
that this should be turned on so that the vessel back to position
original. A serial communication connects the Simulation Dynamic
Positioning System with Embedded System causing the usergenerated
data to simulate the DP system arrives in the form of
control signals to the motors of the propellant. This article addresses
issues in the marine industry employees.
Abstract: Greenhouses offer us suitable conditions which can
be controlled easily for the growth of the plant and they are made by
using a covering material that allows the sun light entering into the
system. Covering material can be glass, fiber glass, plastic or another
transparent element. This study investigates the solar energy usability
rates and solar energy benefitting rates of a semi-spherical (modified
arch) type greenhouse system according to different orientations and
positions which exists under climatic conditions of Bayburt. In the
concept of this study it is tried to determine the best direction and
best sizes of a semi-spherical greenhouse to get best solar benefit
from the sun. To achieve this aim a modeling study is made by using
MATLAB. However, this modeling study is run for some determined
shapes and greenhouses it can be used for different shaped
greenhouses or buildings. The basic parameters are determined as
greenhouse azimuth angle, the rate of size of long edge to short and
seasonal solar energy gaining of greenhouse. The optimum azimuth
angles of 400, 300, 250, 200, 150, 100, 50 m2 modified arch
greenhouse are 90o, 90o, 35o, 35o, 34o, 33o and 22o while their
optimum k values (ratio of length to width) are 10, 10, 10, 10, 6, 4
and 4 respectively. Positioning the buildings in order to get more
solar heat energy in winter and less in summer brings out energy and
money savings and increases the comfort.
Abstract: Brownfields are one of the most important problems
that must be solved by today's cities. The topic of this article is
description of developing a comprehensive transformation of postindustrial
area of the former iron factory national cultural heritage
lower Vítkovice. City of Ostrava used to be industrial superpower of
the Czechoslovak Republic, especially in the area of coal mining and
iron production, after declining industrial production and mining in
the 80s left many unused areas of former factories generally
brownfields and backfields. Since the late 90s we are observing how
the city officials or private entities seeking to remedy this situation.
Regeneration of brownfields is a very expensive and long-term
process. The area is now rebuilt for tourists and residents of the city
in the entertainment, cultural, and social center. It was necessary do
the reconstruction of the industrial monuments. Equally important
was the construction of new buildings, which helped reusing of the
entire complex. This is a unique example of transformation of
technical monuments and completion of necessary new objects, so
that the area could start working again and reintegrate back into the
urban system.
Abstract: The conventional Wi-Fi backscatter system can only
process one-to-one communication between the Wi-Fi reader and the
Wi-Fi tag. For improvement of throughput of the conventional system,
this paper proposes the multi-to-multi communication system. In the
proposed system, the interference by the multi-to-multi
communication is effectively cancelled by the orthogonal multiple
access based on the identification code of the tag. Although the
overhead is generated by the procedure for the multi-to-multi
communication, because the procedure is processed by the Wi-Fi
protocol, the overhead is insignificant for the entire communication
procedure. From the numerical results, it is confirmed that the
proposed system has nearly proportional increased throughput in
according to the number of the tag that simultaneously participates in
communication.
Abstract: Elastomeric polymer foam has been used widely in
the automotive industry, especially for isolating unwanted vibrations.
Such material is able to absorb unwanted vibration due to its
combination of elastic and viscous properties. However, the ‘creep
effect’, poor stress distribution and susceptibility to high
temperatures are the main disadvantages of such a system.
In this study, improvements in the performance of elastomeric
foam as a vibration isolator were investigated using the concept of
Foam Filled Fluid (FFFluid). In FFFluid devices, the foam takes the
form of capsule shapes, and is mixed with viscous fluid, while the
mixture is contained in a closed vessel. When the FFFluid isolator is
affected by vibrations, energy is absorbed, due to the elastic strain of
the foam. As the foam is compressed, there is also movement of the
fluid, which contributes to further energy absorption as the fluid
shears. Also, and dependent on the design adopted, the packaging
could also attenuate vibration through energy absorption via friction
and/or elastic strain.
The present study focuses on the advantages of the FFFluid
concept over the dry polymeric foam in the role of vibration isolation.
This comparative study between the performance of dry foam and the
FFFluid was made according to experimental procedures. The paper
concludes by evaluating the performance of the FFFluid isolator in
the suspension system of a light vehicle. One outcome of this
research is that the FFFluid may preferable over elastomer isolators
in certain applications, as it enables a reduction in the effects of high
temperatures and of ‘creep effects’, thereby increasing the reliability
and load distribution. The stiffness coefficient of the system has
increased about 60% by using an FFFluid sample. The technology
represented by the FFFluid is therefore considered by this research
suitable for application in the suspension system of a light vehicle.
Abstract: Remote arid areas of the vast expanses of the African
deserts hold huge subterranean reserves of brackish water resources
waiting for economic development. This work presents design
guidelines as well as initial performance data of new autonomous
solar desalination equipment which could help local communities
produce their own fresh water using solar energy only and, why not,
contribute to transforming desert lands into lush gardens. The output
of solar distillation equipments are typically low and in the range of 3
l/m2/day on the average. This new design with an integrated, water
based, environmentally-friendly solar heat storage system produced 5
l/m2/day in early spring weather. Equipment output during summer
exceeded 9 liters per m2 per day.
Abstract: This paper presents an application of Artificial Neural
Network (ANN) algorithm for improving power system voltage
stability. The training data is obtained by solving several normal and
abnormal conditions using the Linear Programming technique. The
selected objective function gives minimum deviation of the reactive
power control variables, which leads to the maximization of
minimum Eigen value of load flow Jacobian. The considered reactive
power control variables are switchable VAR compensators, OLTC
transformers and excitation of generators. The method has been
implemented on a modified IEEE 30-bus test system. The results
obtain from the test clearly show that the trained neural network is
capable of improving the voltage stability in power system with a
high level of precision and speed.
Abstract: This study found that most corporate personnel are
using social media to communicate with colleagues to make the
process of working more efficient. Complete satisfaction occurred on
the use of security within the University’s computer network. The
social network usage for communication, collaboration,
entertainment and demonstrating concerns accounted for fifty percent
of variance to predict interpersonal relationships of corporate
personnel. This evaluation on the effectiveness of social networking
involved 213 corporate personnel’s. The data was collected by
questionnaires. This data was analyzed by using percentage, mean,
and standard deviation.
The results from the analysis and the effectiveness of using online
social networks were derived from the attitude of private users and
safety data within the security system. The results showed that the
effectiveness on the use of an online social network for corporate
personnel of Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University was specifically at
a good level, and the overall effects of each aspect was (Ẋ=3.11).
Abstract: Implementation of advanced technologies requires
sophisticated instruments that deal with the operation, control,
restoration and protection of rapidly growing power system network
under normal and abnormal conditions. Presently, the applications of
Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) are widely found in real time
operation, monitoring, controlling and analysis of power system
network as it eliminates the various limitations of supervisory control
and data acquisition system (SCADA) conventionally used in power
system. The use of PMU data is very rapidly increasing its
importance for online and offline analysis. Wide area measurement
system (WAMS) is developed as new technology by use of multiple
PMUs in power system. The present paper proposes a model of
Matlab based PMU using Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT)
algorithm and evaluation of its operation under different
contingencies. In this paper, PMU based two bus system having
WAMS network is presented as a case study.
Abstract: In the field of fashion design, 3D Mannequin is a kind
of assisting tool which could rapidly realize the design concepts.
While the concept of 3D Mannequin is applied to the computer added
fashion design, it will connect with the development and the
application of design platform and system. Thus, the situation
mentioned above revealed a truth that it is very critical to develop a
module of 3D Mannequin which would correspond with the necessity
of fashion design. This research proposes a concrete plan that
developing and constructing a system of 3D Mannequin with Kinect.
In the content, ergonomic measurements of objective human features
could be attained real-time through the implement with depth camera
of Kinect, and then the mesh morphing can be implemented through
transformed the locations of the control-points on the model by
inputting those ergonomic data to get an exclusive 3D mannequin
model. In the proposed methodology, after the scanned points from the
Kinect are revised for accuracy and smoothening, a complete human
feature would be reconstructed by the ICP algorithm with the method
of image processing. Also, the objective human feature could be
recognized to analyze and get real measurements. Furthermore, the
data of ergonomic measurements could be applied to shape morphing
for the division of 3D Mannequin reconstructed by feature curves. Due
to a standardized and customer-oriented 3D Mannequin would be
generated by the implement of subdivision, the research could be
applied to the fashion design or the presentation and display of 3D
virtual clothes. In order to examine the practicality of research
structure, a system of 3D Mannequin would be constructed with JAVA
program in this study. Through the revision of experiments the
practicability-contained research result would come out.
Abstract: This study, for its research subjects, uses patients who
had undergone total knee replacement surgery from the database of the
National Health Insurance Administration. Through the review of
literatures and the interviews with physicians, important factors are
selected after careful screening. Then using Cross Entropy Method,
Genetic Algorithm Logistic Regression, and Particle Swarm
Optimization, the weight of each factor is calculated and obtained. In
the meantime, Excel VBA and Case Based Reasoning are combined
and adopted to evaluate the system. Results show no significant
difference found through Genetic Algorithm Logistic Regression and
Particle Swarm Optimization with over 97% accuracy in both
methods. Both ROC areas are above 0.87. This study can provide
critical reference to medical personnel as clinical assessment to
effectively enhance medical care quality and efficiency, prevent
unnecessary waste, and provide practical advantages to resource
allocation to medical institutes.
Abstract: The Figaro AM-1 sensor module which employs TGS
2600 model gas sensor in air quality assessment was used. The
system was coupled with a microprocessor that enables sensor
module to create warning message via telephone. This low cot sensor
system’s performance was compared with a DiagNose II commercial
electronic nose system. Both air quality sensor and electronic nose
system employ metal oxide chemical gas sensors. In the study
experimental setup, data acquisition methods for electronic nose
system, and performance of the low cost air quality system were
evaluated and explained.