Abstract: Image or document encryption is needed through egovernment
data base. Really in this paper we introduce two matrices
images, one is the public, and the second is the secret (original). The
analyses of each matrix is achieved using the transformation of
singular values decomposition. So each matrix is transformed or
analyzed to three matrices say row orthogonal basis, column
orthogonal basis, and spectral diagonal basis. Product of the two row
basis is calculated. Similarly the product of the two column basis is
achieved. Finally we transform or save the files of public, row
product and column product. In decryption stage, the original image
is deduced by mutual method of the three public files.
Abstract: Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) are produced from
sucrose by Aureobasidium pullulans in yields between 40-60%
(w/w). To increase the amount of FOS it is necessary to remove the
small, non-prebiotic sugars, present. Two methods for producing
high-purity FOS have been developed: the use of microorganisms
able to consume small saccharides; and the use of continuous
chromatography to separate sugars: simulated moving bed (SMB). It
is herein proposed the combination of both methods. The aim of this
study is to optimize the composition of the fermentative broth (in
terms of salts and sugars) that will be further purified by SMB. A
yield of 0.63 gFOS.gSucrose^-1 was obtained with A. pullulans using low
amounts of salts in the initial fermentative broth. By removing the
small sugars, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Zymomonas mobilis
increased the percentage of FOS from around 56.0% to 83% (w/w) in
average, losing only 10% (w/w) of FOS during the recovery process.
Abstract: Compositions of different molar ratios of
polymethylmethacrylate-co-methacrylic acid (PMMA-co-MAA)
were synthesized via free-radical polymerization. Polymer coated
surfaces have been produced on silicon wafers. Coated samples were
analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results have shown
that the roughness of the surfaces have increased by increasing the
molar ratio of monomer methacrylic acid (MAA). This study reveals
that the gradual increase in surface roughness is due to the fact that
carboxylic functional groups have been generated by MAA segments.
Such surfaces can be desirable platforms for fabrication of the
biosensors for detection of the viruses and diseases.
Abstract: The aim of this work was to apply extractive
distillation for acetonitrile removal from water solutions, to validate
thermodynamic criterion based on excess Gibbs energy to entrainer
selection process for acetonitrile – water mixture separation and show
its potential efficiency at isothermal conditions as well as at isobaric
(conditions of real distillation process), to simulate and analyze an
extractive distillation process with chosen entrainers: optimize
amount of trays and feeds, entrainer/original mixture and reflux
ratios. Equimolar composition of the feed stream was chosen for the
process, comparison of the energy consumptions was carried out.
Glycerol was suggested as the most energetically and ecologically
suitable entrainer.
Abstract: In this paper, a system of linear matrix equations
is considered. A new necessary and sufficient condition for the
consistency of the equations is derived by means of the generalized
singular-value decomposition, and the explicit representation of the
general solution is provided.
Abstract: In this paper we describe the Levenvberg-Marquardt
(LM) algorithm for identification and equalization of CDMA
signals received by an antenna array in communication channels.
The synthesis explains the digital separation and equalization of
signals after propagation through multipath generating intersymbol
interference (ISI). Exploiting discrete data transmitted and three
diversities induced at the reception, the problem can be composed
by the Block Component Decomposition (BCD) of a tensor of
order 3 which is a new tensor decomposition generalizing the
PARAFAC decomposition. We optimize the BCD decomposition by
Levenvberg-Marquardt method gives encouraging results compared to
classical alternating least squares algorithm (ALS). In the equalization
part, we use the Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) to perform
the presented method. The simulation results using the LM algorithm
are important.
Abstract: A feeding experiment was conducted to determine the
optimum dietary protein and lipid levels for juvenile fancy carp. Eight
experimental diets were formulated to contain four protein levels (200,
300, 400 and 500 g kg-1) with two lipid levels (70 and 140 g kg-1).
Triplicate groups of fish (initial weight, 12.1±0.2 g fish-1) were
hand-fed the diets to apparent satiation for 8 weeks. Fish growth
performance, feed utilization and feed intake were significantly
(P0.05). Weight gain and feed efficiency ratio tended to
increase as dietary protein level increased up to 400 and 500 g kg-1,
respectively. Daily feed intake of fish decreased with increasing
dietary protein level and that of fish fed diet contained 500 g kg-1
protein was significantly lower than other fish groups. The protein
efficiency ratio of fish fed 400 and 500 g kg-1 protein was lower than
that of fish fed 200 and 300 g kg-1 protein. Moisture, crude protein and
crude lipid contents of muscle and liver were significantly affected by
dietary protein, but not by dietary lipid level (P>0.05). The increase in
dietary lipid level resulted in an increase in linoleic acid in liver and
muscle paralleled with a decrease in n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids
content in muscle of fish. In considering these results, it was concluded
that the diet containing 400 g kg-1 protein with 70 g kg-1 lipid level is
optimal for growth and efficient feed utilization of juvenile fancy carp.
Abstract: Liposome plays an important role in medical and
pharmaceutical science as e.g. nano scale drug carriers. Liposomes
are vesicles of varying size consisting of a spherical lipid bilayer and
an aqueous inner compartment. Magnet-driven liposome used for the
targeted delivery of drugs to organs and tissues. These liposome
preparations contain encapsulated drug components and finely
dispersed magnetic particles.
Liposomes are vesicles of varying size consisting of a spherical
lipid bilayer and an aqueous inner compartment that are generated in
vitro. These are useful in terms of biocompatibility, biodegradability,
and low toxicity, and can control biodistribution by changing the size,
lipid composition, and physical characteristics. Furthermore,
liposomes can entrap both hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs and are
able to continuously release the entrapped substrate, thus being useful
drug carriers. Magnetic liposomes (MLs) are phospholipid vesicles
that encapsulate magneticor paramagnetic nanoparticles. They are
applied as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
The biological synthesis of nanoparticles using plant extracts plays
an important role in the field of nanotechnology. Green-synthesized
magnetite nanoparticles-protein hybrid has been produced by treating
Iron (III) / Iron (II) chloride with the leaf extract of Datura inoxia.
The phytochemicals present in the leaf extracts act as a reducing as
well stabilizing agents preventing agglomeration, which include
flavonoids, phenolic compounds, cardiac glycosides, proteins and
sugars.
The magnetite nanoparticles-protein hybrid has been trapped
inside the aqueous core of the liposome prepared by reversed phase
evaporation (REV) method using oleic and linoleic acid which has
been shown to be driven under magnetic field confirming the
formation magnetic liposome (ML). Chemical characterization of
stealth magnetic liposome has been performed by breaking the
liposome and release of magnetic nanoparticles. The presence iron
has been confirmed by colour complex formation with KSCN and
UV-Vis study using spectrophotometer Cary 60, Agilent.
This magnet driven liposome using nanoparticles-protein hybrid
can be a smart vesicles for the targeted drug delivery.
Abstract: In this research, waterglass based aerogel powder was
prepared by sol–gel process and ambient pressure drying. Inspired by
limited dust releasing, aerogel powder was introduced to the PET
electrospinning solution in an attempt to create required bulk and
surface structure for the nanofibers to improve their hydrophobic and
insulation properties. The samples evaluation was carried out by
measuring density, porosity, contact angle, heat transfer, FTIR, BET,
and SEM. According to the results, porous silica aerogel powder was
fabricated with mean pore diameter of 24 nm and contact angle of
145.9º. The results indicated the usefulness of the aerogel powder
confined into nanofibers to control surface roughness for
manipulating superhydrophobic nanowebs with water contact angle
of 147º. It can be due to a multi-scale surface roughness which was
created by nanowebs structure itself and nanofibers surface
irregularity in presence of the aerogels while a layer of fluorocarbon
created low surface energy. The wettability of a solid substrate is an
important property that is controlled by both the chemical
composition and geometry of the surface. Also, a decreasing trend in
the heat transfer was observed from 22% for the nanofibers without
any aerogel powder to 8% for the nanofibers with 4% aerogel
powder. The development of thermal insulating materials has become
increasingly more important than ever in view of the fossil energy
depletion and global warming that call for more demanding energysaving
practices.
Abstract: Machining parameters are very important in
determining the surface quality of any material. In the past decade,
some new engineering materials were developed for the
manufacturing industry which created a need to conduct an
investigation on the impact of the said parameters on their surface
roughness. Polyurethane (PU) block is widely used in the automotive
industry to manufacture parts such as checking fixtures that are used
to verify the dimensional accuracy of automotive parts. In this paper,
the design of experiment (DOE) was used to investigate on the effect
of the milling parameters on the PU block. Furthermore, an analysis
of the machined surface chemical composition was done using
scanning electron microscope (SEM). It was found that the surface
roughness of the PU block is severely affected when PU undergoes a
flood machining process instead of a dry condition. In addition the
stepover and the silicon content were found to be the most significant
parameters that influence the surface quality of the PU block.
Abstract: The edge waviness in hot rolled steel is a common
defect. Variables that affect such defect include raw material and
machine. These variables are necessary to consider to understand
such defect. This research studied the defect of edge waviness for SS
400 of metal sheet manufacture. Defect of metal sheets were divided
into two groups. The specimens were investigated on chemical
composition and mechanical properties to find the difference. The
results of investigation showed that the difference was not significant.
Therefore the roll mill machine should be used to adjust to support
another location on a roller to avoide edge waviness.
Abstract: In this study, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was
extracted from oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) cellulose which was
earlier isolated from oil palm EFB fibre. In order to isolate the
cellulose, the chlorination method was carried out. Then, the MCC
was prepared by simultaneous ultrasonic and alkali treatment from
the isolated α-cellulose. Based on mass balance calculation, the yields
for MCC obtained from EFB was 44%. For fiber characterization, it
is observed that the chemical composition of the hemicellulose and
lignin for all samples decreased while composition for cellulose
increased. The structural property of the MCC was studied by X-ray
diffraction (XRD) method and the result shows that the MCC
produced is a cellulose-I polymorph, with 73% crystallinity.
Abstract: Animal fats (camel, sheep, goat, rabbit and chicken)
and vegetable oils (corn, sunflower, palm oil and olive oil) were
substituted with different proportions (1, 5, 10 and 20%) of lard.
Fatty acid composition in TG and 2-MG were determined using
lipase hydrolysis and gas chromatography before and after
adulteration. Results indicated that, genuine lard had a high
proportion (60.97%) of the total palmitic acid at 2-MG. However, it
was 8.70%, 16.40%, 11.38%, 10.57%, 29.97 and 8.97% for camel,
beef, sheep, goat, rabbit and chicken, respectively. It could be noticed
also the position-2-MG is mostly occupied by unsaturated fatty acids
among all tested fats except lard. Vegetable oils (corn, sunflower,
palm oil and olive oil) revealed that the levels of palmitic acid
esterifies at 2-MG position was 6.84, 1.43, 9.86 and 1.70%,
respectively. It could be observed also the studied oils had a higher
level of unsaturated fatty acids in the same position, compared with
animal fats under investigation. Moreover, palmitic acid esterifies at
2-MG and PAEF increased gradually as the substituted levels
increased among all tested fat and oil samples. Statistical analysis
showed that the PAEF correlated well with lard level. The detection
of lard in some commercial processed foods (5 French fries, 4 Butter
fats, 5 processed meat and 6 candy samples) was carried out. Results
revealed that 2 samples of French fries and 4 samples of processed
meat contained lard due to their higher PAEF, while butter fat and
candy were free of lard.
Abstract: The fuzzy composition of objects depicted in images
acquired through MR imaging or the use of bio-scanners has often
been a point of controversy for field experts attempting to effectively
delineate between the visualized objects. Modern approaches in
medical image segmentation tend to consider fuzziness as a
characteristic and inherent feature of the depicted object, instead of
an undesirable trait. In this paper, a novel technique for efficient
image retrieval in the context of images in which segmented objects
are either crisp or fuzzily bounded is presented. Moreover, the
proposed method is applied in the case of multiple, even conflicting,
segmentations from field experts. Experimental results demonstrate
the efficiency of the suggested method in retrieving similar objects
from the aforementioned categories while taking into account the
fuzzy nature of the depicted data.
Abstract: Two Lithium Disilicate (LD) glass ceramics based on
SiO2-Li2O-K2O-Al2O3 system were prepared through a glass melting
method. The glass rods were then fabricated into dental crowns via a
hot pressing at 900˚C and 850˚C in order to study the effect of the
pressing temperatures on the phase formation and microstructure of
the glasses. Different samples of as cast glass and heat treated
samples (600˚C and 700˚C) were used to press for investigating the
effect of an initial microstructure on the hot pressing technique. Xray
diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were
performed to determine the phase formation and microstructure of the
samples, respectively. XRD results show that the main crystalline
structure was Li2Si2O5 by having Li3PO4, Li0.6Al0.6Si2O6, Li2SiO3,
Ca5 (PO4)3F and SiO2 as minor phases. Glass compositions with
different heat treatment temperatures exhibited a difference phase
formations but have less effect during pressing. SEM micrographs
showed the microstructure of Li2Si2O5 as lath-like shape in all
glasses. With increasing the initial heat treatment temperature, the
longer the lath-like crystals of lithium disilicate were increased
especially when using glass heat treatment at 700˚C followed by
pressing at 900˚C. This could be suggested that LD1 heat treatment at
700˚C which pressing at 900˚C presented the best formation by the
hot pressing and compiled microstructure.
Abstract: Key frame extraction methods select the most
representative frames of a video, which can be used in different areas
of video processing such as video retrieval, video summary, and video
indexing. In this paper we present a novel approach for extracting key
frames from video sequences. The frame is characterized uniquely by
his contours which are represented by the dominant blocks. These
dominant blocks are located on the contours and its near textures.
When the video frames have a noticeable changement, its dominant
blocks changed, then we can extracte a key frame. The dominant
blocks of every frame is computed, and then feature vectors are
extracted from the dominant blocks image of each frame and arranged
in a feature matrix. Singular Value Decomposition is used to calculate
sliding windows ranks of those matrices. Finally the computed ranks
are traced and then we are able to extract key frames of a video.
Experimental results show that the proposed approach is robust
against a large range of digital effects used during shot transition.
Abstract: In sheet metal forming process, raw material
mechanical properties are important parameters. This paper is to
compare the wall’s incline angle or formability of SS 400 steel and
SUS 304 stainless steel in single point incremental forming. The two
materials are ferrous base alloyed, which have the different unit cell,
mechanical property and chemical composition. They were forming
into cone shape specimens having 100 mm diameter with different
wall’s incline angle: 90o, 75o and 60o. The investigation was
continued until the specimens formed surface facture. The
experimental result showed that the smaller the wall incline angle
higher the formability with the both materials. The formability limit
of the ferrous base alloy was approx. 60o wall’s incline angle. By
nature, SS 400 has higher formability than SUS 304. This result can
be used as the initial data in designing the single point incremental
forming parts.
Abstract: Violet Sr–Al–O:Eu2+ phosphor particles were
synthesized from a metal–ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)
solution of Sr, Al, Eu, and particulate alumina via spray drying and
sintering in a reducing atmosphere. The crystal structures and emission
properties at 85–300 K were investigated. The composition of the
violet Sr–Al–O:Eu2+ phosphor particles was determined from various
Sr–Al–O:Eu2+ phosphors by their emission properties’ dependence
on temperature. The highly crystalline SrAl12O19:Eu2+ emission phases
were confirmed by their crystallite sizes and the activation energies for
the 4f5d–8S7/2 transition of the Eu2+ ion. These results showed that the
material identification for the violet Sr–Al–O:Eu2+ phosphor was
accomplished by the low-temperature luminescence measurements.
Abstract: Powder metallurgy (P/M) is the only economic way to
produce porous parts/products. P/M can produce near net shape parts
hence reduces wastage of raw material and energy, avoids various
machining operations. The most vital use of P/M is in production of
metallic filters and self lubricating bush bearings and siding surfaces.
The porosity of the part can be controlled by varying compaction
pressure, sintering temperature and composition of metal powder
mix. The present work is aimed for experimental analysis of friction
and wear properties of self lubricating copper and tin bush bearing.
Experimental results confirm that wear rate of sintered component
is lesser for components having 10% tin by weight percentage. Wear
rate increases for high tin percentage (experimented for 20% tin and
30% tin) at same sintering temperature. Experimental results also
confirms that wear rate of sintered component is also dependent on
sintering temperature, soaking period, composition of the preform,
compacting pressure, powder particle shape and size.
Interfacial friction between die and punch, between inter powder
particles, between die face and powder particle depends on
compaction pressure, powder particle size and shape, size and shape
of component which decides size & shape of die & punch, material of
die & punch and material of powder particles.
Abstract: The objective of this study was to determine effect of
dietary essential oil (EO) compounds, which contained
cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, peppermint, coriander, cumin, lemongrass,
and an organic carrier on feed intake, milk composition, and rumen
fermentation of dairy cows during heat exposure. Thirty-two Holstein
cows (days in milk= 60 ± 5) were assigned to one of two treatment
groups: a Control and EO fed. The experiment lasted 28 days. Dry
matter intake (DMI) was measured daily while and milk production
was measured weekly. Our result showed that DMI and milk yield
was decreased (P < 0.01) in control cows relative to EO cows.
Furthermore, supplementation with EO was associated with a
decrease in the molar proportion of propionate (P < 0.05) and
increase (P < 0.05) in acetate to propionate ratio. In conclusion, EO
supplementations in diets can be useful nutritional modification to
alleviate for the decrease DMI and milk production during heat
exposure in lactating dairy cows.