Abstract: We propose an all optical flip-flop circuit composedof two Silicon-on-insulator microring resonators coupled to straightwaveguides by exploiting the optical bistability behavior due to thenonlinear Kerr effect. We used the transfer matrix analysis toinvestigate continuous wave propagation through microrings, as wellwe considered the nonlinear switching characteristics of an opticaldevice using a double-coupler silicon ring resonator in presence ofthe Kerr nonlinearity, thus obtaining the bistability behavior of theoutput port, the drop port and also inside the silicon microringresonator. It is shown that the bistability behavior depends on thecontrol of the input wavelength.KeywordsAll optical flip-flops, Kerr effect, microringresonator, optical bistability.
Abstract: The objective is to split a simply connected polygon
into a set of convex quadrilaterals without inserting new
boundary nodes. The presented approach consists in repeatedly
removing quadrilaterals from the polygon. Theoretical results
pertaining to quadrangulation of simply connected polygons are
derived from the usual 2-ear theorem. It produces a quadrangulation
technique with O(n) number of quadrilaterals. The
theoretical methodology is supplemented by practical results
and CAD surface segmentation.
Abstract: Bacillus subtilis strain LB5 produced lipopeptide
antibiotic iturin A-2 in liquid medium. Crude extract
from cell-free supernatant of B. subtilis cultivated broth extracted
with n-butanol showed antifungal activity to conidial germination of
Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The germination of conidia was
completely inhibited by crude extract. The ultrastructure of conidia
after treated with crude extract was found an accumulation of vesiclelike
material between cell wall and plasma membrane while this
accumulation was not observed in untreated and germinated conidia.
Besides, the cell wall was not affected by crude extract.
Abstract: In this paper, The T-G-action topology on a set acted
on by a fuzzy T-neighborhood (T-neighborhood, for short) group is
defined as a final T-neighborhood topology with respect to a set of
maps. We mainly prove that this topology is a T-regular Tneighborhood
topology.
Abstract: This study carried out to determine the effect of plant
densities on some agronomic characteristics of four safflower cultivars in spring planting. The experiment was conducted at Yazd,
Iran- using a factorial in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Cultivars were including Arak, IL, Asteria and Local and plant densities were 10, 13.3, 20 and 40 plant/m2. Number
of seeds/head, number of heads/plant, HI, 1000-seed weight and seed yield significantly decreased as planting density increased. With increasing planting density, LAI, plant height, first branch height and
biological yield increased. The highest seed yield was obtained in 13.3 plant/m2 (2167 kg/ha). There were significant differences
between cultivars. Local cv. had higher seed yield than the other cultivars mainly due to higher heads/plant and seeds/head.
Abstract: Empirical force fields and density functional theory
(DFT) was used to study the binding energies and structures of
methylamine on the surface of activated carbons (ACs). This is a first
step in studying the adsorption of alkyl amines on the surface of
functionalized ACs. The force fields used were Dreiding (DFF),
Universal (UFF) and Compass (CFF) models. The generalized
gradient approximation with Perdew Wang 91 (PW91) functional
was used for DFT calculations. In addition to obtaining the aminecarboxylic
acid adsorption energies, the results were used to establish
reliability of the empirical models for these systems. CFF predicted a
binding energy of -9.227 (kcal/mol) which agreed with PW91 at -
13.17 (kcal/mol), compared to DFF 0 (kcal/mol) and UFF -0.72
(kcal/mol). However, the CFF binding energies for the amine to ester
and ketone disagreed with PW91 results. The structures obtained
from all models agreed with PW91 results.
Abstract: XML files contain data which is in well formatted manner. By studying the format or semantics of the grammar it will be helpful for fast retrieval of the data. There are many algorithms which describes about searching the data from XML files. There are no. of approaches which uses data structure or are related to the contents of the document. In these cases user must know about the structure of the document and information retrieval techniques using NLPs is related to content of the document. Hence the result may be irrelevant or not so successful and may take more time to search.. This paper presents fast XML retrieval techniques by using new indexing technique and the concept of RXML. When indexing an XML document, the system takes into account both the document content and the document structure and assigns the value to each tag from file. To query the system, a user is not constrained about fixed format of query.
Abstract: This article introduces the actual problem that is а
study of proposed by the authors Hydrocele ointment in amino acids’
metabolism of cows’ blood in inflammation of traumatic origin.
Hydrocele ointment has shown a positive effect on inflammatory
process and amino acids’ metabolism of animals treated with the
drug. Amino acid levels reached physiological parameters on the 10th
day after treatment; in the control group this parameter was higher
than normal.
Abstract: The present work deals with the calculation of
transport properties of Hg0.8Cd0.2Te (MCT) semiconductor in
degenerate case. Due to their energy-band structure, this material
becomes degenerate at moderate doping densities, which are around
1015 cm-3, so that the usual Maxwell-Boltzmann approximation is
inaccurate in the determination of transport parameters. This problem
is faced by using Fermi-Dirac (F-D) statistics, and the non-parabolic
behavior of the bands may be approximated by the Kane model. The
Monte Carlo (MC) simulation is used here to determinate transport
parameters: drift velocity, mean energy and drift mobility versus
electric field and the doped densities. The obtained results are in
good agreement with those extracted from literature.
Abstract: Main goal of preventive healthcare problems are at
decreasing the likelihood and severity of potentially life-threatening
illnesses by protection and early detection. The levels of
establishment and staffing costs along with summation of the travel
and waiting time that clients spent are considered as objectives
functions of the proposed nonlinear integer programming model. In
this paper, we have proposed a bi-objective mathematical model for
designing a network of preventive healthcare facilities so as to
minimize aforementioned objectives, simultaneously. Moreover, each
facility acts as M/M/1 queuing system. The number of facilities to be
established, the location of each facility, and the level of technology
for each facility to be chosen are provided as the main determinants
of a healthcare facility network. Finally, to demonstrate performance
of the proposed model, four multi-objective decision making
techniques are presented to solve the model.
Abstract: The security of computer networks plays a strategic
role in modern computer systems. Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS)
act as the 'second line of defense' placed inside a protected
network, looking for known or potential threats in network traffic
and/or audit data recorded by hosts. We developed an Intrusion
Detection System using LAMSTAR neural network to learn patterns
of normal and intrusive activities, to classify observed system
activities and compared the performance of LAMSTAR IDS with
other classification techniques using 5 classes of KDDCup99 data.
LAMSAR IDS gives better performance at the cost of high
Computational complexity, Training time and Testing time, when
compared to other classification techniques (Binary Tree classifier,
RBF classifier, Gaussian Mixture classifier). we further reduced the
Computational Complexity of LAMSTAR IDS by reducing the
dimension of the data using principal component analysis which in
turn reduces the training and testing time with almost the same
performance.
Abstract: This paper presents a forgetting factor scheme for variable step-size affine projection algorithms (APA). The proposed scheme uses a forgetting processed input matrix as the projection matrix of pseudo-inverse to estimate system deviation. This method introduces temporal weights into the projection matrix, which is typically a better model of the real error's behavior than homogeneous temporal weights. The regularization overcomes the ill-conditioning introduced by both the forgetting process and the increasing size of the input matrix. This algorithm is tested by independent trials with coloured input signals and various parameter combinations. Results show that the proposed algorithm is superior in terms of convergence rate and misadjustment compared to existing algorithms. As a special case, a variable step size NLMS with forgetting factor is also presented in this paper.
Abstract: The theoretical investigation is carried out to describe
the effect of increase of pressure waves amplitude in clean and bubbly liquid. The goal of the work is to capture the regime of multiple magnification of acoustic and shock waves in the liquid,
which enables to get appropriate conditions to enlarge collapses of
micro-bubbles. The influence of boundary conditions and frequency
of the governing acoustic field is studied for the case of the
cylindrical acoustic resonator. It has been observed the formation of
standing waves with large amplitude at resonant frequencies. The
interaction of the compression wave with gas and vapor bubbles is
investigated for the convergent channel. It is shown theoretically that
the chemical reactions, which occur inside gas bubbles, provide additional impulse to the wave, that affect strongly on the collapses
of the vapor bubbles
Abstract: This paper in essence presents comparative
experimental data on the mechanical performance of steel and
synthetic fibre-reinforced concrete under compression, tensile split
and flexure. URW1050 steel fibre and HPP45 synthetic fibre, both
with the same concrete design mix, have been used to make cube
specimens for a compression test, cylinders for a tensile split test and
beam specimens for a flexural test. The experimental data
demonstrated steel fibre reinforced concrete to be stronger in flexure
at early stages, whilst both fibre reinforced concrete types displayed
comparatively the same performance in compression, tensile splitting
and 28-day flexural strength. In terms of post-crack controlHPP45
was preferable.
Abstract: Tolerance is a tool for achieving a social cohesion, particularly, among individuals and groups with different values. The aim is to study the characteristics of the ethnic tolerance, the inhabitants of Latvia. The ethnic tolerance is taught as a set of conscious and unconscious orientations of the individual in social interaction and inter-ethnic communication. It uses the tools of empirical studies of the ethnic tolerance which allows to identify the explicitly and implicitly levels of the emotional component of Latvia's residents. Explicit measurements were made using the techniques of self-report which revealed the index of the ethnic tolerance and the ethnic identity of the participants. The implicit component was studied using methods based on the effect of the emotional priming. During the processing of the results, there were calculated indicators of the positive and negative implicit attitudes towards members of their own and other ethnicity as well as the explicit parameters of the ethnic tolerance and the ethnic identity of Latvia-s residents. The implicit measurements of the ratio of neighboring ethnic groups against each other showed a mutual negative attitude whereas the explicit measurements indicate a neutral attitude. The data obtained contribute to a further study of the ethnic tolerance of Latvia's residents.
Abstract: Arrack is one of the forms of alcoholic beverage or
liquor which is produced from palm or date juice and commonly
consumed by the lower social class of all religious/ethnic
communities in the north-western villages of Bangladesh. The
purpose of the study was to compare arrack drinking patterns
associated with socio-demographic status among the Muslim, Hindu,
Santal, and Oraon communities in the Rasulpur union of Bangladesh.
A total of 391 respondents (Muslim n-109, Hindu n-103, Santal n-89,
Oraon n-90) selected by cluster random sampling were interviewed
by ADP (Arrack Drinking Pattern) questionnaire. The results of
Pearson Chi-Squire test revealed that arrack drinking patterns were
significantly differed among the Muslim, Hindu, Santal, and Oraon
communities- drinkers. In addition, the results of Spearman-s
bivariate correlation coefficients also revealed that sociodemographic
characteristics of the communities- drinkers were the
significantly positive and negative associations with the arrack
drinking patterns in the Rasulpur union, Bangladesh. The study
suggests that further cross-cultural researches should be conducted
on the consequences of arrack drinking patterns on the communities-
drinkers.
Abstract: The functional response of an infective is the relationship
between an infected individual-s infection rate and the abundance
of the number of susceptibles that one can potentially be infected.
In this paper, we consider defensive attitudes for HIV prevention
(primary prevention) while at the same time emphasizing on offensive
attitudes that reduce infection for those infected (secondary prevention).
We look at how defenses can protect an uninfected individual
in the case where high risk groups such as commercial sex workers
and those who deliberately go out to look for partners. We propose
an infection cycle that begins with a search, then an encounter,
a proposal and contact. The infection cycle illustrates the various
steps an infected individual goes through to successfully infect a
susceptible. For heterogeneous transmission of HIV, there will be no
infection unless there is contact. The ability to avoid an encounter,
detection, proposal and contact constitute defense.
Abstract: The recognition of handwritten numeral is an
important area of research for its applications in post office, banks
and other organizations. This paper presents automatic recognition of
handwritten Kannada numerals based on structural features. Five
different types of features, namely, profile based 10-segment string,
water reservoir; vertical and horizontal strokes, end points and
average boundary length from the minimal bounding box are used in
the recognition of numeral. The effect of each feature and their
combination in the numeral classification is analyzed using nearest
neighbor classifiers. It is common to combine multiple categories of
features into a single feature vector for the classification. Instead,
separate classifiers can be used to classify based on each visual
feature individually and the final classification can be obtained based
on the combination of separate base classification results. One
popular approach is to combine the classifier results into a feature
vector and leaving the decision to next level classifier. This method
is extended to extract a better information, possibility distribution,
from the base classifiers in resolving the conflicts among the
classification results. Here, we use fuzzy k Nearest Neighbor (fuzzy
k-NN) as base classifier for individual feature sets, the results of
which together forms the feature vector for the final k Nearest
Neighbor (k-NN) classifier. Testing is done, using different features,
individually and in combination, on a database containing 1600
samples of different numerals and the results are compared with the
results of different existing methods.
Abstract: In this experiment, we investigated the performance of
two types of heat sink, swaged- and extruded-type, used in the inverter
of industrial electricity generator. The swaged-type heat sink has 62
fins, and the extruded-type has 38 fins having the same dimension as
that of the swaged-type. But the extruded-type heat sink maintains the
same heat transfer area by the laterally waved surface which has 1 mm
in radius. As a result, the swaged- and extruded-type heat sinks
released 71% and 64% of the heat incoming to the heat sink,
respectively. The other incoming heat were naturally convected and
radiated to the ambient. In spite of 40% decrease in number of fins, the
heat release performance of the extruded-type heat sink was lowered
only 7% than that of the swaged-type. We believe that, this shows the
increment of effective heat transfer area by the laterally waved surface
of fins and the better heat transfer property of the extruded-type heat
sink.
Abstract: The deterministic quantum transfer-matrix (QTM)
technique and its mathematical background are presented. This
important tool in computational physics can be applied to a class of
the real physical low-dimensional magnetic systems described by the
Heisenberg hamiltonian which includes the macroscopic molecularbased
spin chains, small size magnetic clusters embedded in some
supramolecules and other interesting compounds. Using QTM, the
spin degrees of freedom are accurately taken into account, yielding
the thermodynamical functions at finite temperatures.
In order to test the application for the susceptibility calculations to
run in the parallel environment, the speed-up and efficiency of
parallelization are analyzed on our platform SGI Origin 3800 with
p = 128 processor units. Using Message Parallel Interface (MPI)
system libraries we find the efficiency of the code of 94% for
p = 128 that makes our application highly scalable.