Abstract: The object of this paper is to design and analyze a
proportional – integral (PI) control for positive output elementary
super lift Luo converter (POESLLC), which is the start-of-the-art
DC-DC converter. The positive output elementary super lift Luo
converter performs the voltage conversion from positive source
voltage to positive load voltage. This paper proposes a
development of PI control capable of providing the good static and
dynamic performance compared to proportional – integralderivative
(PID) controller. Using state space average method
derives the dynamic equations describing the positive output
elementary super lift luo converter and PI control is designed. The
simulation model of the positive output elementary super lift Luo
converter with its control circuit is implemented in
Matlab/Simulink. The PI control for positive output elementary
super lift Luo converter is tested for transient region, line changes,
load changes, steady state region and also for components
variations.
Abstract: This study aimed to present the mechanical
performance evaluation of the dynamic hip screw (DHS) for
trochanteric fracture by means of finite element method. The
analyses were performed based on stainless steel and titanium
implant material definitions at various stages of bone healing and
including implant removal. The assessment of the mechanical
performance used two parameters, von Mises stress to evaluate the
strength of bone and implant and elastic strain to evaluate fracture
stability. The results show several critical aspects of dynamic hip
screw for trochanteric fracture stabilization. In the initial stage of
bone healing process, partial weight bearing should be applied to
avoid the implant failure. In the late stage of bone healing, stainless
steel implant should be removed.
Abstract: This paper presents a real-time defect detection
algorithm for high-speed steel bar in coil. Because the target speed is
very high, proposed algorithm should process quickly the large
volumes of image for real-time processing. Therefore, defect detection
algorithm should satisfy two conflicting requirements of reducing the
processing time and improving the efficiency of defect detection. To
enhance performance of detection, edge preserving method is
suggested for noise reduction of target image. Finally, experiment
results show that the proposed algorithm guarantees the condition of
the real-time processing and accuracy of detection.
Abstract: In rapidly changing market environment, firms are investing a lot of time and resources into new product development (NPD) projects to make profit and to obtain competitive advantage. However, failure rate of NPD projects is becoming high due to various internal and external risks which hinder successful NPD projects. To reduce the failure rate, it is critical that risks have to be managed effectively and efficiently through good strategy, and treated by optimal responses to minimize risk cost. Four strategies are adopted to handle the risks in this study. The optimal responses are characterized by high reduction of risk costs with high efficiency. This study suggests a framework to decide the optimal responses considering the core risks, risk costs, response efficiency and response costs for successful NPD projects. Both binary particles warm optimization (BPSO) and multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) methods are mainly used in the framework. Although several limitations exist in use for real industries, the frame work shows good strength for handling the risks with highly scientific ways through an example.
Abstract: The broadcast problem including the plan design is
considered. The data are inserted and numbered at predefined order
into customized size relations. The server ability to create a full,
regular Broadcast Plan (RBP) with single and multiple channels after
some data transformations is examined. The Regular Geometric
Algorithm (RGA) prepares a RBP and enables the users to catch their
items avoiding energy waste of their devices. Moreover, the
Grouping Dimensioning Algorithm (GDA) based on integrated
relations can guarantee the discrimination of services with a
minimum number of channels. This last property among the selfmonitoring,
self-organizing, can be offered by servers today
providing also channel availability and less energy consumption by
using smaller number of channels. Simulation results are provided.
Abstract: In an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) systems, the Peak to Average power Ratio (PAR) is high. The clipping signal scheme is a useful and simple method to reduce the PAR. However, it introduces additional noise that degrades the systems performance. We propose an oversampling scheme to deal with the received signal in order to reduce the clipping noise by using Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter. Coefficients of filter are obtained by correlation function of the received signal and the oversampling information at receiver. The performance of the proposed technique is evaluated for frequency selective channel. Results show that the proposed scheme can mitigate the clipping noise significantly for OFDM systems and in order to maintain the system's capacity, the clipping ratio should be larger than 2.5.
Abstract: Measurement of the COD of a spent caustic solution involves firstly digestion of a test sample with dichromate solution and secondly measurement of dichromate remained by titration by ferrous ammonium sulfate [FAS] to an end point. In this paper we study by a potentiometric end point with Ag/AgCl reference electrode and gold rode electrode. The potentiometric end point is sharp and easily identified especially for the samples with high turbidity and color that other methods such as colorimetric in this type of sample do not result in high precision. Because interim of titration responds quickly to potential changes within the [Cr+6/Cr+3& Fe+2/Fe+3] solution producing stable readings that is lead to accurate COD measurement. Finally results are compared with data determined using colorimetric method for standard samples. It is shown that the potentiometric end point titration with gold rode electrode can be used with equal or better facility
Abstract: This paper aims to explain the project carried out at
the University of Cordoba, specifically at the High Polytechnic
School in collaboration with two other organizations belonging to the
Andalusian Ministry of Innovation, Science and Business:
Andalusian Innovation and Development Agency (IDEA agency) [1]
and the Territorial Net of Entrepreneurship Support (in Spanish Red
Territorial de Apoyo al Emprendedor) [11].
The project is being developed in several stages of which only the
first one has already been completed. However, several important
preliminary results derive from it, based mainly in the description of
the nature of entrepreneurship in the field of university education and
its impact on student-s competency as recommended by the European
Higher Education Area. Some problems holding back the correct
future development will also be shown as derived from the specific
context of application of the project.
Abstract: Cenozoic basalts found in Jiangsu province of eastern
China include tholeiites and alkali basalts. The present paper analyzed
the major, trace elements, rare earth elements of these Cenozoic
basalts and combined with Sr-Nd isotopic compositions proposed by
Chen et al. (1990)[1] in the literatures to discuss the petrogenesis of
these basalts and the geochemical characteristics of the source mantle.
Based on major, trace elements and fractional crystallization model
established by Brooks and Nielsen (1982)[2] we suggest that the
basaltic magma has experienced olivine + clinopyroxene fractionation
during its evolution. The chemical compositions of basaltic rocks from
Jiangsu province indicate that these basalts may belong to the same
magmatic system. Spidergrams reveal that Cenozoic basalts from
Jiangsu province have geochemical characteristics similar to those of
ocean island basalts(OIB). The slight positive Nb and Ti anomalies
found in basaltic rocks of this study suggest the presence of Ti-bearing
minerals in the mantle source and these Ti-bearing minerals had
contributed to basaltic magma during partial melting, indicating a
metasomatic event might have occurred before the partial melting.
Based on the Sr vs. Nd isotopic ratio plots, we suggest that Jiangsu
basalts may be derived from partial melting of mantle source which
may represent two-end members mixing of DMM and EM-I. Some
Jiangsu basaltic magma may be derived from partial melting of EM-I
heated by the upwelling asthenospheric mantle or asthenospheric
diapirism.
Abstract: Roundabout work on the principle of circulation and
entry flows, where the maximum entry flow rates depend largely on
circulating flow bearing in mind that entry flows must give away to
circulating flows. Where an existing roundabout has a road hump
installed at the entry arm, it can be hypothesized that the kinematics
of vehicles may prevent the entry arm from achieving optimum
performance. Road humps are traffic calming devices placed across
road width solely as speed reduction mechanism. They are the
preferred traffic calming option in Malaysia and often used on single
and dual carriageway local routes. The speed limit on local routes is
30mph (50 km/hr). Road humps in their various forms achieved the
biggest mean speed reduction (based on a mean speed before traffic
calming of 30mph) of up to 10mph or 16 km/hr according to the UK
Department of Transport. The underlying aim of reduced speed
should be to achieve a 'safe' distribution of speeds which reflects the
function of the road and the impacts on the local community.
Constraining safe distribution of speeds may lead to poor drivers
timing and delayed reflex reaction that can probably cause accident.
Previous studies on road hump impact have focused mainly on speed
reduction, traffic volume, noise and vibrations, discomfort and delay
from the use of road humps. The paper is aimed at optimal entry and
circulating flow induced by road humps. Results show that
roundabout entry and circulating flow perform better in
circumstances where there is no road hump at entrance.
Abstract: The problem of FIR system parameter estimation has been considered in the paper. A new robust recursive algorithm for simultaneously estimation of parameters and scale factor of prediction residuals in non-stationary environment corrupted by impulsive noise has been proposed. The performance of derived algorithm has been tested by simulations.
Abstract: The aim of present experiment was to evaluate the
influence of cultivar to quality parameters of dried potato chips and
sticks produced in microwave-vacuum drier. The potatoes before
drying were blanched in oil and water at 180ºC and at 85ºC
respectively. The moisture content, crispiness, the colour (CIE
L*a*b*), the content of ascorbic acid, total carotenoids and total fat
content of dried potato chips and sticks was determined The highest
ascorbic acid content, high content of carotenoids, low total fat
content, low acrylamide content and good crispiness (low breaking
force) especially for sticks was determined in the samples of Gundega
cultivar.
Abstract: This paper presents an investigation of the power
penalties imposed by four-wave mixing (FWM) on G.652 (Single-
Mode Fiber - SMF), G.653 (Dispersion-Shifted Fiber - DSF), and
G.655 (Non-Zero Dispersion-Shifted Fiber - NZDSF) compliant
fibers, considering the DWDM grids suggested by the ITU-T
Recommendations G.692, and G.694.1, with uniform channel
spacing of 100, 50, 25, and 12.5 GHz. The mathematical/numerical
model assumes undepleted pumping, and shows very clearly the
deleterious effect of FWM on the performance of DWDM systems,
measured by the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The results make it
evident that non-uniform channel spacing is practically mandatory
for WDM systems based on DSF fibers.
Abstract: Magnesium is used implant material potentially for
non-toxicity to the human body. Due to the excellent
bio-compatibility, Mg alloys is applied to implants avoiding removal
second surgery. However, it is found commercial magnesium alloys
including aluminum has low corrosion resistance, resulting
subcutaneous gas bubbles and consequently the approach as
permanent bio-materials. Generally, Aluminum is known to pollution
substance, and it raises toxicity to nervous system. Therefore
especially Mg-35Zn-3Ca alloy is prepared for new biodegradable
materials in this study. And the pulsed power is used in
constant-current mode of DC power kinds of anodization. Based on
the aforementioned study, it examines corrosion resistance and
biocompatibility by effect of current and frequency variation. The
surface properties and thickness were compared using scanning
electronic microscopy. Corrosion resistance was assessed via
potentiodynamic polarization and the effect of oxide layer on the body
was assessed cell viability. Anodized Mg-35Zn-3Ca alloy has good
biocompatibility in vitro by current and frequency variation.
Abstract: Two-dimensional Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS)
of high Schmidt number mass transfer in a convective flow environment
(Rayleigh-B'enard) is carried out and results are compared to
experimental data. A fourth-order accurate WENO-scheme has been
used for scalar transport in order to aim for a high accuracy in areas
of high concentration gradients. It was found that the typical spatial
distance between downward plumes of cold high concentration water
and the eddy size are in good agreement with experiments using a
combined PIV-LIF technique for simultaneous and spatially synoptic
measurements of 2D velocity and concentration fields.
Abstract: The study of the transport coefficients in electronic
devices is currently carried out by analytical and empirical models.
This study requires several simplifying assumptions, generally
necessary to lead to analytical expressions in order to study the
different characteristics of the electronic silicon-based devices.
Further progress in the development, design and optimization of
Silicon-based devices necessarily requires new theory and modeling
tools. In our study, we use the PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization)
technique as a computational tool to develop analytical approaches in
order to study the transport phenomenon of the electron in crystalline
silicon as function of temperature and doping concentration. Good
agreement between our results and measured data has been found.
The optimized analytical models can also be incorporated into the
circuits simulators to study Si-based devices without impact on the
computational time and data storage.
Abstract: A high performance computer includes a fast
processor and millions bytes of memory. During the data processing,
huge amount of information are shuffled between the memory and
processor. Because of its small size and its effectiveness speed, cache
has become a common feature of high performance computers.
Enhancing cache performance proved to be essential in the speed up
of cache-based computers. Most enhancement approaches can be
classified as either software based or hardware controlled. The
performance of the cache is quantified in terms of hit ratio or miss
ratio. In this paper, we are optimizing the cache performance based
on enhancing the cache hit ratio. The optimum cache performance is
obtained by focusing on the cache hardware modification in the way
to make a quick rejection to the missed line's tags from the hit-or
miss comparison stage, and thus a low hit time for the wanted line in
the cache is achieved. In the proposed technique which we called
Even- Odd Tabulation (EOT), the cache lines come from the main
memory into cache are classified in two types; even line's tags and
odd line's tags depending on their Least Significant Bit (LSB). This
division is exploited by EOT technique to reject the miss match line's
tags in very low time compared to the time spent by the main
comparator in the cache, giving an optimum hitting time for the
wanted cache line. The high performance of EOT technique against
the familiar mapping technique FAM is shown in the simulated
results.
Abstract: Available Bit Rate Service (ABR) is the lower priority
service and the better service for the transmission of data. On wireline
ATM networks ABR source is always getting the feedback from
switches about increase or decrease of bandwidth according to the
changing network conditions and minimum bandwidth is guaranteed.
In wireless networks guaranteeing the minimum bandwidth is really a
challenging task as the source is always in mobile and traveling from
one cell to another cell. Re establishment of virtual circuits from start
to end every time causes the delay in transmission. In our proposed
solution we proposed the mechanism to provide more available
bandwidth to the ABR source by re-usage of part of old Virtual
Channels and establishing the new ones. We want the ABR source to
transmit the data continuously (non-stop) inorderto avoid the delay.
In worst case scenario at least minimum bandwidth is to be allocated.
In order to keep the data flow continuously, priority is given to the
handoff ABR call against new ABR call.
Abstract: This paper presents the experimental results of a
single cylinder Enfield engine using an electronically controlled fuel
injection system which was developed to carry out exhaustive tests
using neat CNG, and mixtures of hydrogen in compressed natural gas
(HCNG) as 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% by energy. Experiments were
performed at 2000 and 2400 rpm with wide open throttle and varying
the equivalence ratio. Hydrogen which has fast burning rate, when
added to compressed natural gas, enhances its flame propagation rate.
The emissions of HC, CO, decreased with increasing percentage of
hydrogen but NOx was found to increase. The results indicated a
marked improvement in the brake thermal efficiency with the
increase in percentage of hydrogen added. The improved thermal
efficiency was clearly observed to be more in lean region as
compared to rich region. This study is expected to reduce vehicular
emissions along with increase in thermal efficiency and thus help in
reduction of further environmental degradation.
Abstract: Microcirculation is essential for the proper supply of
oxygen and nutritive substances to the biological tissue and the
removal of waste products of metabolism. The determination of
blood flow in the capillaries is therefore of great interest to clinicians.
A comparison has been carried out using the developed non-invasive,
non-contact and whole field laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI)
based technique and as well as a commercially available laser
Doppler blood flowmeter (LDF) to evaluate blood flow at the finger
tip and elbow and is presented here. The LSCI technique gives more
quantitative information on the velocity of blood when compared to
the perfusion values obtained using the LDF. Measurement of blood
flow in capillaries can be of great interest to clinicians in the
diagnosis of vascular diseases of the upper extremities.