Non-Invasive Capillary Blood Flow Measurement: Laser Speckle and Laser Doppler
Microcirculation is essential for the proper supply of
oxygen and nutritive substances to the biological tissue and the
removal of waste products of metabolism. The determination of
blood flow in the capillaries is therefore of great interest to clinicians.
A comparison has been carried out using the developed non-invasive,
non-contact and whole field laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI)
based technique and as well as a commercially available laser
Doppler blood flowmeter (LDF) to evaluate blood flow at the finger
tip and elbow and is presented here. The LSCI technique gives more
quantitative information on the velocity of blood when compared to
the perfusion values obtained using the LDF. Measurement of blood
flow in capillaries can be of great interest to clinicians in the
diagnosis of vascular diseases of the upper extremities.
[1] Glenn Richards and J. D. Briers, "Capillary blood flow monitoring
using laser speckle contrast analysis (LASCA): improving the dynamic
range," 1997 in Proc. SPIE, vol. 2981, pp. 160-170.
[2] T. J. H. Essex and P. O. Byrne, "A laser Doppler scanner for imaging
blood flow in skin," J. Biomed Eng., vol. 13, no. 3, 1991, pp.189-194.
[3] D. Ridgen and E. I. Gordon, "The granularity of scattered optical maser
light," 1962 in Proc. IRE, pp. 2367-2368.
[4] G. J. Richards and J.D. Briers, "Laser speckle contrast analysis
(LASCA): A technique for measuring capillary blood flow using the
first order statistics of laser speckle patterns," 1997 in The Institution of
Electrical Engineers, pp. 11/1-11/6.
[5] Yasuhiro Tamaki, Makoto Araie, Eizo Kawamoto, Shuichiro Eguchi
and Hitoshi Fujii, "Noncontact two dimensional measurement of retinal
microcirculation using laser speckle phenomenon," Investigative
Ophthalmology and Visual Science, vol. 35, no. 11, Oct 1994, pp.
3825-3834.
[6] Haiying Cheng, Qingming Luo, Shaoqun Zeng, Shangbin Chen, Jian
Cen and Hui Gong, "Modified laser speckle imaging method with
improved spatial resolution," Journal of Biomedical Optics, vol. 8, no.
3, July 2003, pp. 559-564.
[7] Pengcheng Li, Songlin Ni, Li Zhang, Shaoqun Zeng and Qingming Luo,
"Imaging cerebral blood flow through the intact rat skull with temporal
laser speckle imaging," Optics Letters, vol. 31, no. 12, June 2006, pp.
1824-1826.
[8] R.C. Bray, K. R. Forrester, J. Reed, C. Leonard and J. Tulip,
"Endoscopic laser speckle imaging of tissue blood flow: Applications in
the human knee," Journal of Orthopaedic Research, vol. 24, no. 8, Aug
2006, pp. 1650-1659.
[9] Seemantini K. Nadkarni et. al., "Characterization of atherosclerotic
plaques by laser speckle imaging," Circulation, vol. 112, no.6, Aug
2005, pp. 885-892.
[10] Leonard W. Winchester and Nee Yin Chou, "Monitoring free tissue
transfer using laser speckle imaging," 2006 in Proc. SPIE, vol. 6078, pp.
60780G-1-60780G-8.
[11] A. K. Jayanthy, N. Sujatha and M. Ramasubba Reddy, "Laser speckle
contrast imaging for analysing static scatterer concentration in phantom
body fluids," in 2009 Proc. ICOP Conf., pp. 26.
[12] A. K. Jayanthy, N. Sujatha and M. Ramasubba Reddy, "Noninvasive
assessment of static scatterer concentration in phantom body fluids
using laser speckle contrast analysis technique," Optics and Lasers in
Engineering, vol. 49, no. 4, April 2011, pp. 553-556.
[13] B. Ruth, "Non-contact blood flow determination using a laser speckle
method," Optics and Laser Technology, vol. 20, no. 6, December 1988,
pp. 309-316.
[14] R. R. Anderson and J. A. Parrish, "The optics of human skin," J. Invest
Dermatol, vol. 77, no. 1, 1981, pp. 13-19.
[15] J. T. Whitton and J. D. Everall, "The thickness of the epidermis," Br. J.
Dermatol, vol. 89, 1973, pp. 467-476.
[16] P. Butti, M. Intaglietta, H. Reiman, Ch. Hollinger, A. Bollinger and M.
Anliker, "Capillary red blood cell velocity measurements in human
nailfold by videodensitometric method," Microvascular Research, vol.
10, 1975, pp. 220-227.
[17] B. Ruth, "Measuring the steady state value and the dynamics of the skin
blood flow using the non contact laser speckle method," Med. Eng.
Phys., vol. 16, 1994, pp. 105-111.
[18] J. W. Goodman, "Statistical properties of laser speckle patterns," in
Laser Speckle and Related Phenomena, 2nd ed. Vol.9, J. C. Dainty, Ed.
New York: Springer, 1975, pp. 9-75.
[19] Sean J. Kirkpatrick and Donald D. Duncan, "Optical assessment of
tissue mechanics," in Handbook of Optical Biomedical Diagnostics,
Valery V. Tuchin, Ed. Bellingham, Washington: SPIE, 2002, pp. 1047.
[20] J. W. Goodman, "Some fundamental properties of speckle," J. Opt. Soc.
Am., vol. 66, no. 11, pp. 1145-1150, November 1976.
[21] J. David Briers and Sian Webster, "Laser speckle contrast analysis
(LASCA): A nonscanning, full-field technique for monitoring capillary
blood flow," J. Biomed. Opt., vol. 1, no. 2, 1996, pp. 174-179.
[22] J. D. Briers and S. Webster, "Quasi real time digital version of single
exposure speckle photography for full field monitoring of velocity or
flow fields," Optics Communications, vol. 116, 1995, pp. 36-42.
[23] R. Bonner and R. Nossal, "Model for laser Doppler measurements of
blood flow in tissue," Appl. Optics, vol. 20, no. 12, June 1981, pp.
2097- 2107.
[24] Per Ask and P. Ake Oberg, "Blood flow measurements," in The
Measurement Instrumentation and Sensors Handbook, John G. Webster,
Ed. Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, Germany, 1999.
[25] J. David Briers, "Laser speckle and time varying speckle: a
reconciliation,"J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, vol. 13, no. 2, Feb 1996, pp. 345-
350.
[1] Glenn Richards and J. D. Briers, "Capillary blood flow monitoring
using laser speckle contrast analysis (LASCA): improving the dynamic
range," 1997 in Proc. SPIE, vol. 2981, pp. 160-170.
[2] T. J. H. Essex and P. O. Byrne, "A laser Doppler scanner for imaging
blood flow in skin," J. Biomed Eng., vol. 13, no. 3, 1991, pp.189-194.
[3] D. Ridgen and E. I. Gordon, "The granularity of scattered optical maser
light," 1962 in Proc. IRE, pp. 2367-2368.
[4] G. J. Richards and J.D. Briers, "Laser speckle contrast analysis
(LASCA): A technique for measuring capillary blood flow using the
first order statistics of laser speckle patterns," 1997 in The Institution of
Electrical Engineers, pp. 11/1-11/6.
[5] Yasuhiro Tamaki, Makoto Araie, Eizo Kawamoto, Shuichiro Eguchi
and Hitoshi Fujii, "Noncontact two dimensional measurement of retinal
microcirculation using laser speckle phenomenon," Investigative
Ophthalmology and Visual Science, vol. 35, no. 11, Oct 1994, pp.
3825-3834.
[6] Haiying Cheng, Qingming Luo, Shaoqun Zeng, Shangbin Chen, Jian
Cen and Hui Gong, "Modified laser speckle imaging method with
improved spatial resolution," Journal of Biomedical Optics, vol. 8, no.
3, July 2003, pp. 559-564.
[7] Pengcheng Li, Songlin Ni, Li Zhang, Shaoqun Zeng and Qingming Luo,
"Imaging cerebral blood flow through the intact rat skull with temporal
laser speckle imaging," Optics Letters, vol. 31, no. 12, June 2006, pp.
1824-1826.
[8] R.C. Bray, K. R. Forrester, J. Reed, C. Leonard and J. Tulip,
"Endoscopic laser speckle imaging of tissue blood flow: Applications in
the human knee," Journal of Orthopaedic Research, vol. 24, no. 8, Aug
2006, pp. 1650-1659.
[9] Seemantini K. Nadkarni et. al., "Characterization of atherosclerotic
plaques by laser speckle imaging," Circulation, vol. 112, no.6, Aug
2005, pp. 885-892.
[10] Leonard W. Winchester and Nee Yin Chou, "Monitoring free tissue
transfer using laser speckle imaging," 2006 in Proc. SPIE, vol. 6078, pp.
60780G-1-60780G-8.
[11] A. K. Jayanthy, N. Sujatha and M. Ramasubba Reddy, "Laser speckle
contrast imaging for analysing static scatterer concentration in phantom
body fluids," in 2009 Proc. ICOP Conf., pp. 26.
[12] A. K. Jayanthy, N. Sujatha and M. Ramasubba Reddy, "Noninvasive
assessment of static scatterer concentration in phantom body fluids
using laser speckle contrast analysis technique," Optics and Lasers in
Engineering, vol. 49, no. 4, April 2011, pp. 553-556.
[13] B. Ruth, "Non-contact blood flow determination using a laser speckle
method," Optics and Laser Technology, vol. 20, no. 6, December 1988,
pp. 309-316.
[14] R. R. Anderson and J. A. Parrish, "The optics of human skin," J. Invest
Dermatol, vol. 77, no. 1, 1981, pp. 13-19.
[15] J. T. Whitton and J. D. Everall, "The thickness of the epidermis," Br. J.
Dermatol, vol. 89, 1973, pp. 467-476.
[16] P. Butti, M. Intaglietta, H. Reiman, Ch. Hollinger, A. Bollinger and M.
Anliker, "Capillary red blood cell velocity measurements in human
nailfold by videodensitometric method," Microvascular Research, vol.
10, 1975, pp. 220-227.
[17] B. Ruth, "Measuring the steady state value and the dynamics of the skin
blood flow using the non contact laser speckle method," Med. Eng.
Phys., vol. 16, 1994, pp. 105-111.
[18] J. W. Goodman, "Statistical properties of laser speckle patterns," in
Laser Speckle and Related Phenomena, 2nd ed. Vol.9, J. C. Dainty, Ed.
New York: Springer, 1975, pp. 9-75.
[19] Sean J. Kirkpatrick and Donald D. Duncan, "Optical assessment of
tissue mechanics," in Handbook of Optical Biomedical Diagnostics,
Valery V. Tuchin, Ed. Bellingham, Washington: SPIE, 2002, pp. 1047.
[20] J. W. Goodman, "Some fundamental properties of speckle," J. Opt. Soc.
Am., vol. 66, no. 11, pp. 1145-1150, November 1976.
[21] J. David Briers and Sian Webster, "Laser speckle contrast analysis
(LASCA): A nonscanning, full-field technique for monitoring capillary
blood flow," J. Biomed. Opt., vol. 1, no. 2, 1996, pp. 174-179.
[22] J. D. Briers and S. Webster, "Quasi real time digital version of single
exposure speckle photography for full field monitoring of velocity or
flow fields," Optics Communications, vol. 116, 1995, pp. 36-42.
[23] R. Bonner and R. Nossal, "Model for laser Doppler measurements of
blood flow in tissue," Appl. Optics, vol. 20, no. 12, June 1981, pp.
2097- 2107.
[24] Per Ask and P. Ake Oberg, "Blood flow measurements," in The
Measurement Instrumentation and Sensors Handbook, John G. Webster,
Ed. Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, Germany, 1999.
[25] J. David Briers, "Laser speckle and time varying speckle: a
reconciliation,"J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, vol. 13, no. 2, Feb 1996, pp. 345-
350.
@article{"International Journal of Medical, Medicine and Health Sciences:56391", author = "A.K.Jayanthy and N.Sujatha and M.Ramasubba Reddy", title = "Non-Invasive Capillary Blood Flow Measurement: Laser Speckle and Laser Doppler", abstract = "Microcirculation is essential for the proper supply of
oxygen and nutritive substances to the biological tissue and the
removal of waste products of metabolism. The determination of
blood flow in the capillaries is therefore of great interest to clinicians.
A comparison has been carried out using the developed non-invasive,
non-contact and whole field laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI)
based technique and as well as a commercially available laser
Doppler blood flowmeter (LDF) to evaluate blood flow at the finger
tip and elbow and is presented here. The LSCI technique gives more
quantitative information on the velocity of blood when compared to
the perfusion values obtained using the LDF. Measurement of blood
flow in capillaries can be of great interest to clinicians in the
diagnosis of vascular diseases of the upper extremities.", keywords = "Blood flow, Laser Doppler flowmeter, LSCI, speckle", volume = "5", number = "5", pages = "219-6", }
