Abstract: In this paper, a design methodology to implement low-power and high-speed 2nd order recursive digital Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) filter has been proposed. Since IIR filters suffer from a large number of constant multiplications, the proposed method replaces the constant multiplications by using addition/subtraction and shift operations. The proposed new 6T adder cell is used as the Carry-Save Adder (CSA) to implement addition/subtraction operations in the design of recursive section IIR filter to reduce the propagation delay. Furthermore, high-level algorithms designed for the optimization of the number of CSA blocks are used to reduce the complexity of the IIR filter. The DSCH3 tool is used to generate the schematic of the proposed 6T CSA based shift-adds architecture design and it is analyzed by using Microwind CAD tool to synthesize low-complexity and high-speed IIR filters. The proposed design outperforms in terms of power, propagation delay, area and throughput when compared with MUX-12T, MCIT-7T based CSA adder filter design. It is observed from the experimental results that the proposed 6T based design method can find better IIR filter designs in terms of power and delay than those obtained by using efficient general multipliers.
Abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate hydrogen production from alcohol wastewater by anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) under thermophillic operation. The ASBR unit used in this study had a liquid holding volume of 4 L and was operated at 6 cycles per day. The seed sludge taken from an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket unit treating the same wastewater was boiled at 95 °C for 15 min before being fed to the ASBR unit. The ASBR system was operated at different COD loading rates at a thermophillic temperature (55 °C), and controlled pH of 5.5. When the system was operated under optimum conditions (providing maximum hydrogen production performance) at a feed COD of 60 000 mg/l, and a COD loading rate of 68 kg/m3 d, the produced gas contained 43 % H2 content in the produced gas. Moreover, the hydrogen yield and the specific hydrogen production rate (SHPR) were 130 ml H2/g COD removed and 2100 ml H2/l d, respectively.
Abstract: this study was carried out to investigate the changes in
quality parameters of rye bread packaged in different polymer films
during convection air-flow thermal treatment process. Whole loafs of
bread were placed in polymer pouches, which were sealed in reduced
pressure air ambiance, bread was thermally treated in
at temperature +(130; 140; and 150) ± 5 ºC within 40min, as long as
the core temperature of the samples have reached accordingly
+80±1 ºC. For bread packaging pouches were used: anti-fog
Mylar®OL12AF and thermo resistant combined polymer material.
Main quality parameters was analysed using standard methods:
temperature in bread core, bread crumb and crust firmness value,
starch granules volume and microflora. In the current research it was
proved, that polymer films significantly influence rye bread quality
parameters changes during thermal treatment. Thermo resistant
combined polymer material film could be recommendable for
packaged rye bread pasteurization, for maximal bread quality
parameter keeping.
Abstract: Web sites are rapidly becoming the preferred media
choice for our daily works such as information search, company
presentation, shopping, and so on. At the same time, we live in a
period where visual appearances play an increasingly important
role in our daily life. In spite of designers- effort to develop a web
site which be both user-friendly and attractive, it would be difficult
to ensure the outcome-s aesthetic quality, since the visual
appearance is a matter of an individual self perception and opinion.
In this study, it is attempted to develop an automatic system for
web pages aesthetic evaluation which are the building blocks of
web sites. Based on the image processing techniques and artificial
neural networks, the proposed method would be able to categorize
the input web page according to its visual appearance and aesthetic
quality. The employed features are multiscale/multidirectional
textural and perceptual color properties of the web pages, fed to
perceptron ANN which has been trained as the evaluator. The
method is tested using university web sites and the results
suggested that it would perform well in the web page aesthetic
evaluation tasks with around 90% correct categorization.
Abstract: It is well known that the abrasive particles in the
abrasive water suspension has significant effect on the erosion
characteristics of the inside surface of the nozzle. Abrasive particles
moving with the flow cause severe skin friction effect, there by
altering the nozzle diameter due to wear which in turn reflects on the
life of the nozzle for effective machining. Various commercial
abrasives are available for abrasive water jet machining. The erosion
characteristic of each abrasive is different. In consideration of this
aspect, in the present work, the effect of abrasive materials namely
garnet, aluminum oxide and silicon carbide on skin friction
coefficient due to wall shear stress and jet kinetic energy has been
analyzed. It is found that the abrasive material of lower density
produces a relatively higher skin friction effect and higher jet exit
kinetic energy.
Abstract: Aldehydes as secondary lipid oxidation products are highly specific to the oxidative degradation of particular polyunsaturated fatty acids present in foods. Gas chromatographic analysis of those volatile compounds has been widely used for monitoring of the deterioration of food products. Developed static headspace gas chromatography method using flame ionization detector (SHS GC FID) was applied to monitor the aldehydes present in processed foods such as bakery, meat and confectionary products.
Five selected aldehydes were determined in samples without any sample preparation, except grinding for bakery and meat products. SHS–GC analysis allows the separation of propanal, pentanal, hexanal, heptanal and octanal, within 15min. Aldehydes were quantified in fresh and stored samples, and the obtained range of aldehydes in crackers was 1.62±0.05 – 9.95±0.05mg/kg, in sausages 6.62±0.46 – 39.16±0.39mg/kg; and in cocoa spread cream 0.48±0.01 – 1.13±0.02mg/kg. Referring to the obtained results, the following can be concluded, proposed method is suitable for different types of samples, content of aldehydes varies depending on the type of a sample, and differs in fresh and stored samples of the same type.
Abstract: This paper describes the smart energy monitoring system with a wireless sensor network for monitoring of electrical usage in smart house. Proposed system is composed of wireless plugs and energy control wallpad server. The wireless plug integrates an AC power socket, a relay to switch the socket ON/OFF, a Hall effect sensor to sense current of load appliance and a Kmote. The Kmote is a wireless communication interface based on TinyOS. We evaluated wireless plug in a laboratory, analyzed and presented energy consumption data from electrical appliances for 3 months in home.
Abstract: The Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) with double populations is applied to solve the steady-state laminar natural convective heat transfer in a triangular cavity filled with water. The bottom wall is heated, the vertical wall is cooled, and the inclined wall is kept adiabatic. The buoyancy effect was modeled by applying the Boussinesq approximation to the momentum equation. The fluid velocity is determined by D2Q9 LBM and the energy equation is discritized by D2Q4 LBM to compute the temperature field. Comparisons with previously published work are performed and found to be in excellent agreement. Numerical results are obtained for a wide range of parameters: the Rayleigh number from to and the inclination angle from 0° to 360°. Flow and thermal fields were exhibited by means of streamlines and isotherms. It is observed that inclination angle can be used as a relevant parameter to control heat transfer in right-angled triangular enclosures.
Abstract: To offer a large variety of products while maintaining
low costs, high speed, and high quality in a mass customization
product development environment, platform based product
development has much benefit and usefulness in many industry fields.
This paper proposes a product configuration strategy by similarity
measure, incorporating the knowledge engineering principles such as
product information model, ontology engineering, and formal concept
analysis.
Abstract: Today many developers use the Java components
collected from the Internet as external LIBs to design and
develop their own software. However, some unknown security
bugs may exist in these components, such as SQL injection bug
may comes from the components which have no specific check
for the input string by users. To check these bugs out is very
difficult without source code. So a novel method to check the
bugs in Java bytecode based on points-to dataflow analysis is in
need, which is different to the common analysis techniques base
on the vulnerability pattern check. It can be used as an assistant
tool for security analysis of Java bytecode from unknown
softwares which will be used as extern LIBs.
Abstract: A 1.2 V, 0.61 mA bias current, low noise amplifier
(LNA) suitable for low-power applications in the 2.4 GHz band is
presented. Circuit has been implemented, laid out and simulated using
a UMC 130 nm RF-CMOS process. The amplifier provides a 13.3 dB
power gain a noise figure NF< 2.28 dB and a 1-dB compression point
of -15.69 dBm, while dissipating 0.74 mW. Such performance make
this design suitable for wireless sensor networks applications such as
ZigBee.
Abstract: This paper presents a comparative analysis of a new
unsupervised PCA-based technique for steel plates texture segmentation
towards defect detection. The proposed scheme called Variance
Based Component Analysis or VBCA employs PCA for feature
extraction, applies a feature reduction algorithm based on variance of
eigenpictures and classifies the pixels as defective and normal. While
the classic PCA uses a clusterer like Kmeans for pixel clustering,
VBCA employs thresholding and some post processing operations to
label pixels as defective and normal. The experimental results show
that proposed algorithm called VBCA is 12.46% more accurate and
78.85% faster than the classic PCA.
Abstract: Mechanical and water transport properties of high
performance concrete (HPC) containing natural zeolite as partial
replacement of Portland cement are studied. Experimental results
show that in the investigated mixes the use of natural zeolite leads to
an increase of porosity, decrease of compressive strength and
increase of moisture diffusivity and water vapor diffusion coefficient,
as compared with the reference HPC. However, for the replacement
level up to 20% of the mass of Portland cement the concretes still
maintain their high performance character and exhibit acceptable
water transport properties. Therefore, natural zeolite can be
considered an environmental friendly binder with a potential to
replace a part of Portland cement in concrete in building industry.
Abstract: Soft topological spaces are considered as mathematical tools for dealing with uncertainties, and a fuzzy topological space is a special case of the soft topological space. The purpose of this paper is to study soft topological spaces. We introduce some new concepts in soft topological spaces such as soft first-countable spaces, soft second-countable spaces and soft separable spaces, and some basic properties of these concepts are explored.
Abstract: The values of managers and employees in organizations are phenomena that have captured the interest of researchers at large. Despite this attention, there continues to be a lack of agreement on what values are and how they influence individuals, or how they are constituted in individuals- mind. In this article content-based approach is presented as alternative reference frame for exploring values. In content-based approach human thinking in different contexts is set at the focal point. Differences in valuations can be explained through the information contents of mental representations. In addition to the information contents, attention is devoted to those cognitive processes through which mental representations of values are constructed. Such informational contents are in decisive role for understanding human behavior. By applying content-based analysis to an examination of values as mental representations, it is possible to reach a deeper to the motivational foundation of behaviors, such as decision making in organizational procedures, through understanding the structure and meanings of specific values at play.
Abstract: Granular computing deals with representation of information in the form of some aggregates and related methods for transformation and analysis for problem solving. A granulation scheme based on clustering and Rough Set Theory is presented with focus on structured conceptualization of information has been presented in this paper. Experiments for the proposed method on four labeled data exhibit good result with reference to classification problem. The proposed granulation technique is semi-supervised imbibing global as well as local information granulation. To represent the results of the attribute oriented granulation a tree structure is proposed in this paper.
Abstract: Polystyrene particles of different sizes are optically
trapped with a gaussian beam from a He-Cd laser operating at 442
nm. The particles are observed to exhibit luminescence after a certain
trapping time followed by an escape from the optical trap. The
observed luminescence is explained in terms of the photodegradation
of the polystyrene backbone. It is speculated that these chemical
modifications also play a role for the escape of the particles from the
trap. Variations of the particle size and the laser power show that
these parameters have a great influence on the observed phenomena.
Abstract: The main focus of this paper is on the human induced
forces. Almost all existing force models for this type of load (defined
either in the time or frequency domain) are developed from the
assumption of perfect periodicity of the force and are based on force
measurements conducted on rigid (i.e. high frequency) surfaces. To
verify the different authors conclusions the vertical pressure
measurements invoked during the walking was performed, using
pressure gauges in various configurations. The obtained forces are
analyzed using Fourier transformation. This load is often decisive in
the design of footbridges. Design criteria and load models proposed
by widely used standards and other researchers were introduced and a
comparison was made.
Abstract: Numerous experimental tests for post-installed anchor systems drilled in hardened concrete were conducted in order to estimate pull-out and shear strength accounting for uncertainties such as torque ratios, embedment depths and different diameters in demands. In this study, the strength of the systems was significantly changed by the effect of those three uncertainties during pull-out experimental tests, whereas the shear strength of the systems was not affected by torque ratios. It was also shown that concrete cone failure or damage mechanism was generally investigated during and after pull-out tests and in shear strength tests, mostly the anchor systems were failed prior to failure of primary structural system. Furthermore, 3D finite element model for the anchor systems was created by ABAQUS for the numerical analysis. The verification of finite element model was identical till the failure points to the load-displacement relationship specified by the experimental tests.
Abstract: Corrugated wire mesh laminates (CWML) are a class
of engineered open cell structures that have potential for applications
in many areas including aerospace and biomedical engineering. Two
different methods of fabricating corrugated wire mesh laminates from
stainless steel, one using a high temperature Lithobraze alloy and the
other using a low temperature Eutectic solder for joining the
corrugated wire meshes are described herein. Their implementation is
demonstrated by manufacturing CWML samples of 304 and 316
stainless steel (SST). It is seen that due to the facility of employing
wire meshes of different densities and wire diameters, it is possible to
create CWML laminates with a wide range of effective densities. The
fabricated laminates are tested under uniaxial compression. The
variation of the compressive yield strength with relative density of the
CWML is compared to the theory developed by Gibson and Ashby for
open cell structures [22]. It is shown that the compressive strength of
the corrugated wire mesh laminates can be described using the same
equations by using an appropriate value for the linear coefficient in the
Gibson-Ashby model.