Abstract: As the information age matures, major social
infrastructures such as communication, finance, military and energy,
have become ever more dependent on information communication
systems. And since these infrastructures are connected to the Internet,
electronic intrusions such as hacking and viruses have become a new
security threat. Especially, disturbance or neutralization of a major
social infrastructure can result in extensive material damage and social
disorder. To address this issue, many nations around the world are
researching and developing various techniques and information
security policies as a government-wide effort to protect their
infrastructures from newly emerging threats. This paper proposes an
evaluation method for information security levels of CIIP (Critical
Information Infrastructure Protection), which can enhance the security
level of critical information infrastructure by checking the current
security status and establish security measures accordingly to protect
infrastructures effectively.
Abstract: Tubular process equipment is often damaged in
industrial processes. The damage occurs both on devices working at
high temperatures and also on less exposed devices. In case of sudden
damage of key equipment a shutdown of the whole production unit
and resulting significant economic losses are imminent. This paper
presents a solution of several types of tubular process equipment. The
causes of damage and suggestions of correction actions are discussed
in all cases. Very important part is the analysis of operational
conditions, determination of unfavourable working states decreasing
lifetime of devices and suggestions of correction actions. Lately very
popular numerical methods are used for analysis of the equipment.
Abstract: Due to its geographical location, Iran is considered one of the earthquake-prone areas where the best way to decrease earthquake effects is supposed to be strengthening the buildings. Even though, one idea suggests that the use of adobe in constructing buildings be prohibited for its weak function especially in earthquake-prone areas, however, regarding ecological considerations, sustainability and other local skills, another idea pays special attention to adobe as one of the construction technologies which is popular among people. From the architectural and technological point of view, as strong sustainable building construction materials, compressed adobe construction materials make most of the construction in urban or rural areas ranging from small to big industrial buildings used to replace common earth blocks in traditional systems and strengthen traditional adobe buildings especially against earthquake. Mentioning efficient construction using compressed adobe system as a reliable replacement for traditional soil construction materials , this article focuses on the experiences of India in the fields of sustainable development of compressed adobe systems in the form of system in which the compressed soil is combined with cement, load bearing building with brick/solid concrete block system, brick system using rat trap bond, metal system with adobe infill and finally emphasizes on the use of these systems in the earthquake-struck city of Bam in Iran.
Abstract: Performing High Voltage (HV) tasks with a multi craft
work force create a special set of safety circumstances. This paper
aims to present vital information relating to when it is acceptable to
use a single or a two-layer soil structure. Also it discusses the
implication of the high voltage infrastructure on the earth grid and the
safety of this implication under a single or a two-layer soil structure.
A multiple case study is investigated to show the importance of using
the right soil resistivity structure during the earthing system design.
Abstract: The usual correctness condition for a schedule of
concurrent database transactions is some form of serializability of
the transactions. For general forms, the problem of deciding whether
a schedule is serializable is NP-complete. In those cases other approaches
to proving correctness, using proof rules that allow the steps
of the proof of serializability to be guided manually, are desirable.
Such an approach is possible in the case of conflict serializability
which is proved algebraically by deriving serial schedules using
commutativity of non-conflicting operations. However, conflict serializability
can be an unnecessarily strong form of serializability restricting
concurrency and thereby reducing performance. In practice,
weaker, more general, forms of serializability for extended models of
transactions are used. Currently, there are no known methods using
proof rules for proving those general forms of serializability. In this
paper, we define serializability for an extended model of partitioned
transactions, which we show to be as expressive as serializability
for general partitioned transactions. An algebraic method for proving
general serializability is obtained by giving an initial-algebra specification
of serializable schedules of concurrent transactions in the
model. This demonstrates that it is possible to conduct algebraic
proofs of correctness of concurrent transactions in general cases.
Abstract: A process flowsheet was developed in ChemCad 6.4
to study the effect of feed moisture contents on the pre-esterification
of waste oils. Waste oils were modelled as a mixture of triolein
(90%), oleic acid (5%) and water (5%). The process mainly consisted
of feed drying, pre-esterification reaction and methanol recovery. The
results showed that the process energy requirements would be
minimized when higher degrees of feed drying and higher preesterification
reaction temperatures are used.
Abstract: In general dynamic analyses, lower mode response is
of interest, however the higher modes of spatially discretized
equations generally do not represent the real behavior and not affects
to global response much. Some implicit algorithms, therefore, are
introduced to filter out the high-frequency modes using intended
numerical error. The objective of this study is to introduce the
P-method and PC α-method to compare that with dissipation method
and Newmark method through the stability analysis and numerical
example. PC α-method gives more accuracy than other methods
because it based on the α-method inherits the superior properties of the
implicit α-method. In finite element analysis, the PC α-method is more
useful than other methods because it is the explicit scheme and it
achieves the second order accuracy and numerical damping
simultaneously.
Abstract: This paper proposes a bi-objective model for the
facility location problem under a congestion system. The idea of the
model is motivated by applications of locating servers in bank
automated teller machines (ATMS), communication networks, and so
on. This model can be specifically considered for situations in which
fixed service facilities are congested by stochastic demand within
queueing framework. We formulate this model with two perspectives
simultaneously: (i) customers and (ii) service provider. The
objectives of the model are to minimize (i) the total expected
travelling and waiting time and (ii) the average facility idle-time.
This model represents a mixed-integer nonlinear programming
problem which belongs to the class of NP-hard problems. In addition,
to solve the model, two metaheuristic algorithms including nondominated
sorting genetic algorithms (NSGA-II) and non-dominated
ranking genetic algorithms (NRGA) are proposed. Besides, to
evaluate the performance of the two algorithms some numerical
examples are produced and analyzed with some metrics to determine
which algorithm works better.
Abstract: Software maintenance is extremely important activity in software development life cycle. It involves a lot of human efforts, cost and time. Software maintenance may be further subdivided into different activities such as fault prediction, fault detection, fault prevention, fault correction etc. This topic has gained substantial attention due to sophisticated and complex applications, commercial hardware, clustered architecture and artificial intelligence. In this paper we surveyed the work done in the field of software maintenance. Software fault prediction has been studied in context of fault prone modules, self healing systems, developer information, maintenance models etc. Still a lot of things like modeling and weightage of impact of different kind of faults in the various types of software systems need to be explored in the field of fault severity.
Abstract: Time series models have been used to make predictions of academic enrollments, weather, road accident, casualties and stock prices, etc. Based on the concepts of quartile regression models, we have developed a simple time variant quantile based fuzzy time series forecasting method. The proposed method bases the forecast using prediction of future trend of the data. In place of actual quantiles of the data at each point, we have converted the statistical concept into fuzzy concept by using fuzzy quantiles using fuzzy membership function ensemble. We have given a fuzzy metric to use the trend forecast and calculate the future value. The proposed model is applied for TAIFEX forecasting. It is shown that proposed method work best as compared to other models when compared with respect to model complexity and forecasting accuracy.
Abstract: To reduce accidents in the industry, WSNs(Wireless Sensor
networks)- sensor data is used. WSNs- sensor data has the persistence and
continuity. therefore, we design and exploit the buffer management system that
has the persistence and continuity to avoid and delivery data conflicts. To
develop modules, we use the multi buffers and design the buffer management
modules that transfer sensor data through the context-aware methods.
Abstract: Pulse code modulation is a widespread technique
in digital communication with significant impact on existing
modern and proposed future communication technologies. Its
widespread utilization is due to its simplicity and attractive
spectral characteristics. In this paper, we present a new
approach to the spectral analysis of PCM signals using
Riemann-Stieltjes integrals, which is very accurate for high bit
rates. This approach can serve as a model for similar spectral
analysis of other competing modulation schemes.
Abstract: Simulations play a major role in education not only because they provide realistic models with which students can interact to acquire real world experiences, but also because they constitute safe environments in which students can repeat processes without any risk in order to perceive easier concepts and theories. Virtual reality is widely recognized as a significant technological advance that can facilitate learning process through the development of highly realistic 3D simulations supporting immersive and interactive features. The objective of this paper is to analyze the influence of virtual reality-s use in chemistry instruction as well as to present an integrated web-based learning environment for the simulation of chemical experiments. The proposed application constitutes a cost-effective solution for both schools and universities without appropriate infrastructure and a valuable tool for distance learning and life-long education in chemistry. Its educational objectives are the familiarization of students with the equipment of a real chemical laboratory and the execution of virtual volumetric analysis experiments with the active participation of students.
Abstract: Music Information Retrieval (MIR) and modern data mining techniques are applied to identify style markers in midi music for stylometric analysis and author attribution. Over 100 attributes are extracted from a library of 2830 songs then mined using supervised learning data mining techniques. Two attributes are identified that provide high informational gain. These attributes are then used as style markers to predict authorship. Using these style markers the authors are able to correctly distinguish songs written by the Beatles from those that were not with a precision and accuracy of over 98 per cent. The identification of these style markers as well as the architecture for this research provides a foundation for future research in musical stylometry.
Abstract: High level and high velocity flood flows are
potentially harmful to bridge piers as evidenced in many toppled
piers, and among them the single-column piers were considered as
the most vulnerable. The flood flow characteristic parameters
including drag coefficient, scouring and vortex shedding are built into
a pier-flood interaction model to investigate structural safety against
flood hazards considering the effects of local scouring, hydrodynamic
forces, and vortex induced resonance vibrations. By extracting the
pier-flood simulation results embedded in a neural networks code,
two cases of pier toppling occurred in typhoon days were reexamined:
(1) a bridge overcome by flash flood near a mountain side;
(2) a bridge washed off in flood across a wide channel near the
estuary. The modeling procedures and simulations are capable of
identifying the probable causes for the tumbled bridge piers during
heavy floods, which include the excessive pier bending moments and
resonance in structural vibrations.
Abstract: The conventional GA combined with a local search
algorithm, such as the 2-OPT, forms a hybrid genetic algorithm(HGA)
for the traveling salesman problem (TSP). However, the geometric
properties which are problem specific knowledge can be used to
improve the search process of the HGA. Some tour segments (edges)
of TSPs are fine while some maybe too long to appear in a short tour.
This knowledge could constrain GAs to work out with fine tour
segments without considering long tour segments as often.
Consequently, a new algorithm is proposed, called intelligent-OPT
hybrid genetic algorithm (IOHGA), to improve the GA and the 2-OPT
algorithm in order to reduce the search time for the optimal solution.
Based on the geometric properties, all the tour segments are assigned
2-level priorities to distinguish between good and bad genes. A
simulation study was conducted to evaluate the performance of the
IOHGA. The experimental results indicate that in general the IOHGA
could obtain near-optimal solutions with less time and better accuracy
than the hybrid genetic algorithm with simulated annealing algorithm
(HGA(SA)).
Abstract: Text Mining is around applying knowledge discovery
techniques to unstructured text is termed knowledge discovery in text
(KDT), or Text data mining or Text Mining. In decision tree
approach is most useful in classification problem. With this
technique, tree is constructed to model the classification process.
There are two basic steps in the technique: building the tree and
applying the tree to the database. This paper describes a proposed
C5.0 classifier that performs rulesets, cross validation and boosting
for original C5.0 in order to reduce the optimization of error ratio.
The feasibility and the benefits of the proposed approach are
demonstrated by means of medial data set like hypothyroid. It is
shown that, the performance of a classifier on the training cases from
which it was constructed gives a poor estimate by sampling or using a
separate test file, either way, the classifier is evaluated on cases that
were not used to build and evaluate the classifier are both are large. If
the cases in hypothyroid.data and hypothyroid.test were to be
shuffled and divided into a new 2772 case training set and a 1000
case test set, C5.0 might construct a different classifier with a lower
or higher error rate on the test cases. An important feature of see5 is
its ability to classifiers called rulesets. The ruleset has an error rate
0.5 % on the test cases. The standard errors of the means provide an
estimate of the variability of results. One way to get a more reliable
estimate of predictive is by f-fold –cross- validation. The error rate of
a classifier produced from all the cases is estimated as the ratio of the
total number of errors on the hold-out cases to the total number of
cases. The Boost option with x trials instructs See5 to construct up to
x classifiers in this manner. Trials over numerous datasets, large and
small, show that on average 10-classifier boosting reduces the error
rate for test cases by about 25%.
Abstract: This paper deals with the design of a moving sliding
surface in a variable structure plant for a second order system. The
chattering phenomena is also dealt with during the switching process
for an unstable sliding surface condition. The simulation examples
considered in this paper shows the effectiveness of the sliding mode
control method used for the design of the moving sliding surfaces. A
simulink model of the continuous system was also developed in
MATLAB-SIMULINK for the design and hence demonstrated. The
phase portraits and the state plots shows the demonstration of
the powerful control technique which can be applied for second
order systems.
Abstract: Modularized design approach can facilitate the
modeling of complex systems and support behavior analysis and
simulation in an iterative and thus complex engineering process, by
using encapsulated submodels of components and of their interfaces.
Therefore it can improve the design efficiency and simplify the
solving complicated problem. Multi-drivers off-road vehicle is
comparatively complicated. Driving-line is an important core part to a
vehicle; it has a significant contribution to the performance of a
vehicle. Multi-driver off-road vehicles have complex driving-line, so
its performance is heavily dependent on the driving-line. A typical
off-road vehicle-s driving-line system consists of torque converter,
transmission, transfer case and driving-axles, which transfer the
power, generated by the engine and distribute it effectively to the
driving wheels according to the road condition. According to its main
function, this paper puts forward a modularized approach for
designing and evaluation of vehicle-s driving-line. It can be used to
effectively estimate the performance of driving-line during concept
design stage. Through appropriate analysis and assessment method, an
optimal design can be reached. This method has been applied to the
practical vehicle design, it can improve the design efficiency and is
convenient to assess and validate the performance of a vehicle,
especially of multi-drivers off-road vehicle.
Abstract: Chloride induced corrosion of steel reinforcement is
the main cause of deterioration of reinforced concrete marine
structures. This paper investigates the relative performance of
alternative repair options with respect to the deterioration of
reinforced concrete bridge elements in marine environments. Focus is
placed on the initiation phase of reinforcement corrosion. A
laboratory study is described which involved exposing concrete
samples to accelerated chloride-ion ingress. The study examined the
relative efficiencies of two repair methods, namely Ordinary Portland
Cement (OPC) concrete and a concrete which utilised Ground
Granulated Blastfurnace Cement (GGBS) as a partial cement
replacement. The mix designs and materials utilised were identical to
those implemented in the repair of a marine bridge on the South East
coast of Ireland in 2007. The results of this testing regime serve to
inform input variables employed in probabilistic modelling of
deterioration for subsequent reliability based analysis to compare the
relative performance of the studied repair options.