Abstract: This article concerns with the accessibility of Business
process modelling tools (BPMo tools) and business process
modelling languages (BPMo languages). Therefore the reader will be
introduced to business process management and the authors'
motivation behind this inquiry. Afterwards, the paper will reflect
problems when applying inaccessible BPMo tools. To illustrate these
problems the authors distinguish between two different categories of
issues and provide practical examples. Finally the article will present
three approaches to improve the accessibility of BPMo tools and
BPMo languages.
Abstract: The performance of mortar subjected to high
temperature and cooled in normal ambient temperature was examined
in the laboratory to comply with the situation of burning & cooling of
a structure. Four series of cubical (5 X 5 X 5 cm) mortar specimens
were made from OPC, and partial replacement (10, 15, 20, 25 &
30%) of OPC by Rice Husk Ash (RHA) produced in the uncontrolled
environment. These specimens were heated in electric furnace to 200,
300, 400, 500 and 7000C. The specimens were kept in normal room
temperature for cooling. They were then tested for mechanical
properties and the results shows that particular 20% RHA mixed
mortar shows better fire performance.
Abstract: In this paper, a robust statistics based filter to remove salt and pepper noise in digital images is presented. The function of the algorithm is to detect the corrupted pixels first since the impulse noise only affect certain pixels in the image and the remaining pixels are uncorrupted. The corrupted pixels are replaced by an estimated value using the proposed robust statistics based filter. The proposed method perform well in removing low to medium density impulse noise with detail preservation upto a noise density of 70% compared to standard median filter, weighted median filter, recursive weighted median filter, progressive switching median filter, signal dependent rank ordered mean filter, adaptive median filter and recently proposed decision based algorithm. The visual and quantitative results show the proposed algorithm outperforms in restoring the original image with superior preservation of edges and better suppression of impulse noise
Abstract: Custom power is a technology driven product and
service solution which embraces a family devices such as Dynamic
Voltage Restorer (DVR), Distributed Shunt Compensator
(DSTATCOM), Solid State Breaker (SSB) etc which will provide
power quality functions at distribution voltages. The rapid response
of these devices enables them to operate in real time, providing
continuous and dynamic control of the supply including voltage and
reactive power regulation, harmonic reduction and elimination of
voltage dips. This paper presents the benefits of multilevel inverters
when they are used for DPC based custom power devices. Power
flow control mechanism, salient features, advantages and
disadvantages of direct power control (DPC) using lookup table,
SVM, predictive voltage vector and hybrid DPC strategies are
discussed in this paper. Simulation results of three level inverter
based STATCOM, harmonic analysis of multi level inverters are
presented at the end.
Abstract: In the present work, a comparative study on the
microstructure and mechanical properties of as cast, cast aged and
forged aged A356 alloy has been investigated. The study reveals that
mechanical properties of A356 alloy are highly influenced by melt
treatment and solid state processing. Cast aged alloys achieve highest
strength and hardness compared to as cast and forge aged ones. Ones
treated with combined addition of grain refiners and modifiers
achieve maximum strength and hardness. Cast aged A356 alloy
possesses higher wear resistance compared to as cast and forge aged
ones. Forging improves both strength and ductility of alloys over as
cast ones. However, the improvement in ductility is perceptible only
for properly grain refined and modified alloys. Ones refined with
0.65% Al-3Ti shows highest improvement in ductility while ones
treated with 0.20% Al-10Sr exhibits less improvement in ductility.
Abstract: In this paper, we present a new learning algorithm for
anomaly based network intrusion detection using improved self
adaptive naïve Bayesian tree (NBTree), which induces a hybrid of
decision tree and naïve Bayesian classifier. The proposed approach
scales up the balance detections for different attack types and keeps
the false positives at acceptable level in intrusion detection. In
complex and dynamic large intrusion detection dataset, the detection
accuracy of naïve Bayesian classifier does not scale up as well as
decision tree. It has been successfully tested in other problem
domains that naïve Bayesian tree improves the classification rates in
large dataset. In naïve Bayesian tree nodes contain and split as
regular decision-trees, but the leaves contain naïve Bayesian
classifiers. The experimental results on KDD99 benchmark network
intrusion detection dataset demonstrate that this new approach scales
up the detection rates for different attack types and reduces false
positives in network intrusion detection.
Abstract: Automatic tube current modulation (ATCM) systems are available for all CT manufacturers and are used for the majority of patients. Understanding how the systems work and their influence on patient dose and image quality is important for CT users, in order to gain the most effective use of the systems. In the present study, a new phantom was used for evaluating dose distribution and image quality under the ATCM operation for the Toshiba Aquilion 64 CT scanner using different ATCM options and a fixed mAs technique. A routine chest, abdomen and pelvis (CAP) protocol was selected for study and Gafchromic film was used to measure entrance surface dose (ESD), peripheral dose and central axis dose in the phantom. The results show the dose reductions achievable with various ATCM options, in relation with the target noise. The doses and image noise distribution were more uniform when the ATCM system was implemented compared with the fixed mAs technique. The lower limit set for the tube current will affect the modulations especially for the lower dose option. This limit prevented the tube current being reduced further and therefore the lower dose ATCM setting resembled a fixed mAs technique. Selection of a lower tube current limit is likely to reduce doses for smaller patients in scans of chest and neck regions.
Abstract: This paper describes an automated event detection and location system for water distribution pipelines which is based upon low-cost sensor technology and signature analysis by an Artificial
Neural Network (ANN). The development of a low cost failure sensor which measures the opacity or cloudiness of the local water
flow has been designed, developed and validated, and an ANN based system is then described which uses time series data produced by
sensors to construct an empirical model for time series prediction and
classification of events. These two components have been installed,
tested and verified in an experimental site in a UK water distribution
system. Verification of the system has been achieved from a series of
simulated burst trials which have provided real data sets. It is concluded that the system has potential in water distribution network
management.
Abstract: This article describes the aspects of the formation of
the national idea and national identity through the prism of gender
control and its contradistinction to the obsolete, Soviet component.
The role of females in ethnic and national projects is considered from
the point of view of Dr. Nira Yuval-Davis: as biological reproducers
of the ethnic communities- members; as reproducers of the boarders
of ethnic/national groups; as central participants in the ideological
reproduction of community and transducers of its culture; as symbols
in ideology, reproduction and transformation of ethnic/national
categories; and as participants of national, economical, political and
military combats. The society of the transitional type uses the
symbolic resources of the formation of gender component in the
national project. The gender patterns act like cultural codes,
executing the important ideological function in formation of the
national female- image, i.e. the discussion on hijab - it-s not just the
discussion on control over the female body, it-s the discussion on the
metaphor of social order.
Abstract: A total of 33,680 nuclear power plants (NPPs) workers were monitored and recorded from 1990 to 2007. According to the record, the average individual radiation dose has been decreasing continually from it 3.20 mSv/man in 1990 to 1.12 mSv/man at the end of 2007. After the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) 60 recommendation was generalized in South Korea, no nuclear power plant workers received above 20 mSv radiation, and the numbers of relatively highly exposed workers have been decreasing continuously. The age distribution of radiation workers in nuclear power plants was composed of mainly 20-30- year-olds (83%) for 1990 ~ 1994 and 30-40-year-olds (75%) for 2003 ~ 2007. The difference in individual average dose by age was not significant. Most (77%) of NPP radiation exposures from 1990 to 2007 occurred mostly during the refueling period. With regard to exposure type, the majority of exposures were external exposures, representing 95% of the total exposures, while internal exposures represented only 5%. External effective dose was affected mainly by gamma radiation exposure, with an insignificant amount of neutron exposure. As for internal effective dose, tritium (3H) in the pressurized heavy water reactor (PHWR) was the biggest cause of exposure.
Abstract: Air conditioning is mainly use as human comfort
cooling medium. It use more in high temperatures are country such as
Malaysia. Proper estimation of cooling load will archive ideal
temperature. Without proper estimation can lead to over estimation or
under estimation. The ideal temperature should be comfort enough.
This study is to develop a program to calculate an ideal cooling load
demand, which is match with heat gain. Through this study, it is easy
to calculate cooling load estimation. Objective of this study are to
develop user-friendly and easy excess cooling load program. This is
to insure the cooling load can be estimate by any of the individual
rather than them using rule-of-thumb. Developed software is carryout
by using Matlab-GUI. These developments are only valid for
common building in Malaysia only. An office building was select as
case study to verify the applicable and accuracy of develop software.
In conclusion, the main objective has successfully where developed
software is user friendly and easily to estimate cooling load demand.
Abstract: This paper presents a method for determining the
uniaxial tensile properties such as Young-s modulus, yield strength
and the flow behaviour of a material in a virtually non-destructive
manner. To achieve this, a new dumb-bell shaped miniature
specimen has been designed. This helps in avoiding the removal of
large size material samples from the in-service component for the
evaluation of current material properties. The proposed miniature
specimen has an advantage in finite element modelling with respect
to computational time and memory space. Test fixtures have been
developed to enable the tension tests on the miniature specimen in a
testing machine. The studies have been conducted in a chromium
(H11) steel and an aluminum alloy (AR66). The output from the
miniature test viz. load-elongation diagram is obtained and the finite
element simulation of the test is carried out using a 2D plane stress
analysis. The results are compared with the experimental results. It is
observed that the results from the finite element simulation
corroborate well with the miniature test results. The approach seems
to have potential to predict the mechanical properties of the
materials, which could be used in remaining life estimation of the
various in-service structures.
Abstract: In this paper, a multi-agent robot system is presented. The system consists of four robots. The developed robots are able to automatically enter and patrol a harmful environment, such as the building infected with virus or the factory with leaking hazardous gas. Further, every robot is able to perform obstacle avoidance and search for the victims. Several operation modes are designed: remote control, obstacle avoidance, automatic searching, and so on.
Abstract: Purpose of this work is to develop an automatic classification system that could be useful for radiologists in the breast cancer investigation. The software has been designed in the framework of the MAGIC-5 collaboration. In an automatic classification system the suspicious regions with high probability to include a lesion are extracted from the image as regions of interest (ROIs). Each ROI is characterized by some features based generally on morphological lesion differences. A study in the space features representation is made and some classifiers are tested to distinguish the pathological regions from the healthy ones. The results provided in terms of sensitivity and specificity will be presented through the ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) curves. In particular the best performances are obtained with the Neural Networks in comparison with the K-Nearest Neighbours and the Support Vector Machine: The Radial Basis Function supply the best results with 0.89 ± 0.01 of area under ROC curve but similar results are obtained with the Probabilistic Neural Network and a Multi Layer Perceptron.
Abstract: This paper presents the fundamentals of Origami engineering and its application in nowadays as well as future industry. Several main cores of mathematical approaches such as Huzita- Hatori axioms, Maekawa and Kawasaki-s theorems are introduced briefly. Meanwhile flaps and circle packing by Robert Lang is explained to make understood the underlying principles in designing crease pattern. Rigid origami and its corrugation patterns which are potentially applicable for creating transformable or temporary spaces is discussed to show the transition of origami from paper to thick material. Moreover, some innovative applications of origami such as eyeglass, origami stent and high tech origami based on mentioned theories and principles are showcased in section III; while some updated origami technology such as Vacuumatics, self-folding of polymer sheets and programmable matter folding which could greatlyenhance origami structureare demonstrated in Section IV to offer more insight in future origami.
Abstract: This paper describes a UDP over IP based, server-oriented redundant host configuration protocol (RHCP) that can be used by collaborating embedded systems in an ad-hoc network to acquire a dynamic IP address. The service is provided by a single network device at a time and will be dynamically reassigned to one of the other network clients if the primary provider fails. The protocol also allows all participating clients to monitor the dynamic makeup of the network over time. So far the algorithm has been implemented and tested on an 8-bit embedded system architecture with a 10Mbit Ethernet interface.
Abstract: There is an ongoing controversy in the literature related
to the biological effects of weak, low frequency electromagnetic
fields. The physical arguments and interpretation of the experimental
evidence are inconsistent, where some physical arguments and
experimental demonstrations tend to reject the likelihood of any
effect of the fields at extremely low level. The problem arises of
explaining, how the low-energy influences of weak magnetic fields
can compete with the thermal and electrical noise of cells at normal
temperature using the theoretical studies. The magnetoreception in
animals involve radical pair mechanism. The same mechanism has
been shown to be involved in the circadian rhythm synchronization in
mammals. These reactions can be influenced by the weak magnetic
fields. Hence, it is postulated the biological clock can be affected
by weak magnetic fields and these disruptions to the rhythm can
cause adverse biological effects. In this paper, likelihood of altering
the biological clock via the radical pair mechanism is analyzed to
simplify these studies of controversy.
Abstract: Computed tomography (CT) dosimetry normally uses
an ionization chamber 100 mm long to estimate the computed
tomography dose index (CTDI), however some reports have already
indicated that small devices could replace the long ion chamber to
improve quality assurance procedures in CT dosimetry. This paper
presents a novel dosimetry system based in a commercial
phototransistor evaluated for CT dosimetry. Three detector
configurations were developed for this system: with a single, two and
four devices. Dose profile measurements were obtained with them
and their angular response were evaluated. The results showed that
the novel dosimetry system with the phototransistor could be an
alternative for CT dosimetry. It allows to obtain the CT dose profile
in details and also to estimate the CTDI in longer length than the
100 mm pencil chamber. The angular response showed that the one
device detector configuration is the most adequate among the three
configurations analyzed in this study.
Abstract: Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) was used as a
solvent to extract oil from wheat bran. Extractions were carried out in a
semi-batch process at temperatures ranging from 40 to 60ºC and
pressures ranging from 10 to 30 MPa, with a carbon dioxide (CO2)
flow rate of 26.81 g/min. The oil obtained from wheat bran at different
extraction conditions was quantitatively measured to investigate the
solubility of oil in SC-CO2. The solubility of wheat bran oil was found
to be enhanced in high temperature and pressure. The composition of
fatty acids in wheat bran oil was measured by gas chromatography
(GC). Linoleic, palmitic, oleic and γ-linolenic acid were the major
fatty acids of wheat bran oil. Tocopherol contents in oil were analyzed
by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The highest
amount of phenolics and tocopherols (α and β) were found at
temperature of 60ºC and pressure of 30 MPa.
Abstract: Thermal water hammer is a special type of water
hammer which rarely occurs in heat exchangers. In biphasic fluids, if
steam bubbles are surrounded by condensate, regarding lower
condensate temperature than steam, they will suddenly collapse. As a
result, the vacuum caused by an extreme change in volume lead to
movement of the condensates in all directions and their collision the
force produced by this collision leads to a severe stress in the pipe
wall. This phenomenon is a special type of water hammer. According
to fluid mechanics, this phenomenon is a particular type of transient
flows during which abrupt change of fluid leads to sudden pressure
change inside the tube. In this paper, the mechanism of abrupt failure
of 80 tubes of 481 tubes of a methanol heat exchanger is discussed.
Initially, due to excessive temperature differences between heat
transfer fluids and simultaneous failure of 80 tubes, thermal shock
was presupposed as the reason of failure. Deeper investigation on
cross-section of failed tubes showed that failure was, ductile type of
failure, so the first hypothesis was rejected. Further analysis and more
accurate experiments revealed that failure of tubes caused by thermal
water hammer. Finally, the causes of thermal water hammer and
various solutions to avoid such mechanism are discussed.