Abstract: The present study is an attempt to provide a relatively
comprehensive preview of the Iranian English translators’ perception
on Machine Translation. Furthermore, the study tries to shed light on
the status of implementation of Machine Translation among the
Iranian English Translators. To reach the aforementioned objectives,
the Localization Industry Standards Association’s questioner for
measuring perceptions with regard to the adoption of a technology
innovation was adapted and used to investigate the perception and
implementation of Machine Translation applications by the Iranian
English language translators. The participants of the study were 224
last-year undergraduate Iranian students of English translation at 10
universities across the country. The study revealed a very low level of
adoption and a very high level of willingness to get familiar with and
learn about Machine Translation, as well as a positive perception of
and attitude toward Machine Translation by the Iranian English
translators.
Abstract: Facing the understanding problem of update and
preservation of urban history space under background of rapid Chinese
urbanization, so at first there is a need to dig the philosophic principles
of “antithesis” and “unification” which are contained in the traditional
Chinese literature known as “antithesis” and do the job of planning
translation by personal understanding in order to form understanding
and value systems of dialectical urban history space under the
foundation of “antithesis”. Then we could put forward a “context”
concept for urban history space under the foregoing basis. After that,
we will take the update and preservation of Ningbo Tianyi Pavilion’s
historical district as an example to discuss problems related to
understanding of urban history area under the basis of Chinese
tradition culture, improvement of value system, construction of urban
trait space and Chinese “localization” of planning theory.
Abstract: In this paper, we present a robust algorithm to recognize extracted text from grocery product images captured by mobile phone cameras. Recognition of such text is challenging since text in grocery product images varies in its size, orientation,
style, illumination, and can suffer from perspective distortion.
Pre-processing is performed to make the characters scale and
rotation invariant. Since text degradations can not be appropriately
defined using well-known geometric transformations such
as translation, rotation, affine transformation and shearing, we
use the whole character black pixels as our feature vector.
Classification is performed with minimum distance classifier
using the maximum likelihood criterion, which delivers very
promising Character Recognition Rate (CRR) of 89%. We
achieve considerably higher Word Recognition Rate (WRR) of
99% when using lower level linguistic knowledge about product
words during the recognition process.
Abstract: Monocopter is a single-wing rotary flying vehicle
which has the capability of hovering. This flying vehicle includes two
dynamic parts in which more efficiency can be expected rather than
other Micro UAVs due to the extended area of wing compared to its
fuselage. Low cost and simple mechanism in comparison to other
vehicles such as helicopter are the most important specifications of
this flying vehicle.
In the previous paper we discussed the introduction of the final
system but in this paper, the experimental design process of
Monocopter and its control algorithm has been investigated in
general. Also the editorial bugs in the previous article have been
corrected and some translational ambiguities have been resolved.
Initially by constructing several prototypes and carrying out many
flight tests the main design parameters of this air vehicle were
obtained by experimental measurements. Eventually the required
main monocopter for this project was constructed. After construction
of the monocopter in order to design, implementation and testing of
control algorithms first a simple optic system used for determining
the heading angle. After doing numerous tests on Test Stand, the
control algorithm designed and timing of applying control inputs
adjusted. Then other control parameters of system were tuned in
flight tests. Eventually the final control system designed and
implemented using the AHRS sensor and the final operational tests
performed successfully.
Abstract: The importance of using mother tongue and
translation in foreign language classrooms cannot be ignored and
translation can be utilized as a method in English Language Teaching
courses. There exist researches advocating or objecting to the use of
translation in foreign language learning but they all have a point in
common: Translation should be used as an aid to teaching, not an end
in itself. In this research, prospective English language teachers’
opinions about translation use and use of mother tongue in foreign
language teaching are investigated and according to the findings,
some explanations and recommendations are made.
Abstract: The paper presents combined automatic speech
recognition (ASR) of English and machine translation (MT) for
English and Croatian and Croatian-English language pairs in the
domain of business correspondence. The first part presents results of
training the ASR commercial system on English data sets, enriched
by error analysis. The second part presents results of machine
translation performed by free online tool for English and Croatian
and Croatian-English language pairs. Human evaluation in terms of
usability is conducted and internal consistency calculated by
Cronbach's alpha coefficient, enriched by error analysis. Automatic
evaluation is performed by WER (Word Error Rate) and PER
(Position-independent word Error Rate) metrics, followed by
investigation of Pearson’s correlation with human evaluation.
Abstract: The purposes of the study are to investigate the problems that the translators encountered when translating English idioms into Thai and study the strategies they applied in solving the problems. The original English version and the Thai translated version of each of two works of fiction were purposively selected for the study. The first was Mr. Maybe, written by Jane Green and translated by Montharat Songphao. The second was The Trials of Tiffany Trott, written by Isabel Wolff and translated by Jitraporn Notoda. Thirty idioms of two translated works of fiction were, then, analyzed. Questionnaires and interviews with the translators of each novel were conducted to obtain the best possible information.
The results indicated that the only type of problem that occurred was cultural problems, and these were solved differently by the two translators
Abstract: This study involves numerical simulation of the flow
around a NACA2415 airfoil, with a 18° angle of attack, and flow
separation control using a rod, It involves putting a cylindrical rod -
upstream of the leading edge- in vertical translation movement in
order to accelerate the transition of the boundary layer by interaction
between the rod wake and the boundary layer. The viscous, nonstationary
flow is simulated using ANSYS FLUENT 13. The rod
movement is reproduced using the dynamic mesh technique and an
in-house developed UDF (User Define Function). The frequency
varies from 75 to 450 Hz and the considered amplitudes are 2%, and
3% of the foil chord. The frequency chosen closed to the frequency
of separation. Our results showed a substantial modification in the
flow behavior and a maximum drag reduction of 61%.
Abstract: Because of the increasing multidisciplinarity and multilinguality, communication problems in different technical fields grow more and more. Therefore, each technical field has its own specific language, terminology which is characterized by the different definition of terms. In addition to definition problems, there are also relation problems between terms. Among these problems of relation, there are the synonymy, antonymy, hypernymy/hyponymy, ambiguity, risk of confusion and translation problems etc.
Thus, the terminology management system iglos of the Institute for Traffic Safety and Automation Engineering of the Technische Universität Braunschweig has the target to solve these problems by a methodological standardisation of term definitions with the aid of the iglos sign model and iglos relation types. The focus of this paper should be on solving definition and relation problems between terms in English navigation terminology.
Abstract: Edward Said in his book Culture and Imperialism devotes the introduction to the Arabic translation. He claims that the fading echo of Orientalism in the Arab world is unlike the positive reflections of its counterpart elsewhere in the world. The probable reason behind his inquiry would be that the methodology Abu Deeb applied in translating Said's book contributed to the book having the limited impact which Said is referring to. The paper adds new insights to the body of theory and the effectiveness of the performance of translation from culture to culture. It presents a survey that can provide the reader with an overview of Said's Orientalism and the two Arabic translations of the book. It investigates some of the problems of translating cultural texts, more specifically translating features of Said's style.
Abstract: Conventional controller’s usually required a prior knowledge of mathematical modelling of the process. The inaccuracy of mathematical modelling degrades the performance of the process, especially for non-linear and complex control problem. The process used is Water-Bath system, which is most widely used and nonlinear to some extent. For Water-Bath system, it is necessary to attain desired temperature within a specified period of time to avoid the overshoot and absolute error, with better temperature tracking capability, else the process is disturbed.
To overcome above difficulties intelligent controllers, Fuzzy Logic (FL) and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), are proposed in this paper. The Fuzzy controller is designed to work with knowledge in the form of linguistic control rules. But the translation of these linguistic rules into the framework of fuzzy set theory depends on the choice of certain parameters, for which no formal method is known. To design ANFIS, Fuzzy-Inference-System is combined with learning capability of Neural-Network.
It is analyzed that ANFIS is best suitable for adaptive temperature control of above system. As compared to PID and FLC, ANFIS produces a stable control signal. It has much better temperature tracking capability with almost zero overshoot and minimum absolute error.
Abstract: Internet is one of the major sources of information for
the person belonging to almost all the fields of life. Major language
that is used to publish information on internet is language. This thing
becomes a problem in a country like Pakistan, where Urdu is the
national language. Only 10% of Pakistan mass can understand
English. The reason is millions of people are deprived of precious
information available on internet. This paper presents a system for
translation from English to Urdu. A module LESSA is used that uses
a rule based algorithm to read the input text in English language,
understand it and translate it into Urdu language. The designed
approach was further incorporated to translate the complete website
from English language o Urdu language. An option appears in the
browser to translate the webpage in a new window. The designed
system will help the millions of users of internet to get benefit of the
internet and approach the latest information and knowledge posted
daily on internet.
Abstract: Abai Kunanbayev (1845-1904) was a great Kazakh
poet, composer and philosopher. Abai's main contribution to Kazakh
culture and folklore lies in his poetry, which expresses great
nationalism and grew out of Kazakh folk culture. Before him, most
Kazakh poetry was oral, echoing the nomadic habits of the people of
the Kazakh steppes. We want to introduce to abroad our country, its
history, tradition and culture. We can introduce it only through
translations. Only by reading the Kazakh works can foreign people
know who are kazakhs, the style of their life, their thoughts and so
on. All information comes only through translation. The main
requirement to a good translation is that it should be natural or that it
should read as smoothly as the original. Literary translation should
be adequate, should follow the original to the fullest. Translators
have to be loyal to original text, they shouldn-t give the way to
liberty.
Abstract: Accurate modeling of high speed RLC interconnects
has become a necessity to address signal integrity issues in current
VLSI design. To accurately model a dispersive system of interconnects
at higher frequencies; a full-wave analysis is required.
However, conventional circuit simulation of interconnects with full
wave models is extremely CPU expensive. We present an algorithm
for reducing large VLSI circuits to much smaller ones with similar
input-output behavior. A key feature of our method, called Frequency
Shift Technique, is that it is capable of reducing linear time-varying
systems. This enables it to capture frequency-translation and sampling
behavior, important in communication subsystems such as mixers,
RF components and switched-capacitor filters. Reduction is obtained
by projecting the original system described by linear differential
equations into a lower dimension. Experiments have been carried out
using Cadence Design Simulator cwhich indicates that the proposed
technique achieves more % reduction with less CPU time than the
other model order reduction techniques existing in literature. We
also present applications to RF circuit subsystems, obtaining size
reductions and evaluation speedups of orders of magnitude with
insignificant loss of accuracy.
Abstract: Machine Translation (MT) between the Thai and English languages has been a challenging research topic in natural language processing. Most research has been done on English to Thai machine translation, but not the other way around. This paper presents a Thai to English Machine Translation System that translates a Thai sentence into interlingua of a Thai LFG tree using LFG grammar and a bottom up parser. The Thai LFG tree is then transformed into the corresponding English LFG tree by pattern matching and node transformation. Finally, an equivalent English sentence is created using structural information prescribed by the English LFG tree. Based on results of experiments designed to evaluate the performance of the proposed system, it can be stated that the system has been proven to be effective in providing a useful translation from Thai to English.
Abstract: In this paper a functional interpretation of quantum
theory (QT) with emphasis on quantum field theory (QFT) is proposed.
Besides the usual statements on relations between a functions
initial state and final state, a functional interpretation also contains
a description of the dynamic evolution of the function. That is, it
describes how things function. The proposed functional interpretation
of QT/QFT has been developed in the context of the author-s work
towards a computer model of QT with the goal of supporting
the largest possible scope of QT concepts. In the course of this
work, the author encountered a number of problems inherent in the
translation of quantum physics into a computer program. He came
to the conclusion that the goal of supporting the major QT concepts
can only be satisfied, if the present model of QT is supplemented
by a "functional interpretation" of QT/QFT. The paper describes a
proposal for that
Abstract: In this work, a special case of the image superresolution
problem where the only type of motion is global
translational motion and the blurs are shift-invariant is investigated.
The necessary conditions for exact reconstruction of the original
image by using finite impulse-response reconstruction filters are
developed. Given that the conditions are satisfied, a method for exact
super-resolution is presented and some simulation results are shown.
Abstract: Protein-protein interactions (PPI) play a crucial role in many biological processes such as cell signalling, transcription, translation, replication, signal transduction, and drug targeting, etc. Structural information about protein-protein interaction is essential for understanding the molecular mechanisms of these processes. Structures of protein-protein complexes are still difficult to obtain by biophysical methods such as NMR and X-ray crystallography, and therefore protein-protein docking computation is considered an important approach for understanding protein-protein interactions. However, reliable prediction of the protein-protein complexes is still under way. In the past decades, several grid-based docking algorithms based on the Katchalski-Katzir scoring scheme were developed, e.g., FTDock, ZDOCK, HADDOCK, RosettaDock, HEX, etc. However, the success rate of protein-protein docking prediction is still far from ideal. In this work, we first propose a more practical measure for evaluating the success of protein-protein docking predictions,the rate of first success (RFS), which is similar to the concept of mean first passage time (MFPT). Accordingly, we have assessed the ZDOCK bound and unbound benchmarks 2.0 and 3.0. We also createda new benchmark set for protein-protein docking predictions, in which the complexes have experimentally determined binding affinity data. We performed free energy calculation based on the solution of non-linear Poisson-Boltzmann equation (nlPBE) to improve the binding mode prediction. We used the well-studied thebarnase-barstarsystem to validate the parameters for free energy calculations. Besides,thenlPBE-based free energy calculations were conducted for the badly predicted cases by ZDOCK and ZRANK. We found that direct molecular mechanics energetics cannot be used to discriminate the native binding pose from the decoys.Our results indicate that nlPBE-based calculations appeared to be one of the promising approaches for improving the success rate of binding pose predictions.
Abstract: This article discusses the problem of estimating the
orientation of inclined ground on which a human subject stands based
on information provided by the vestibular system consisting of the
otolith and semicircular canals. It is assumed that body segments are
not necessarily aligned and thus forming an open kinematic chain.
The semicircular canals analogues to a technical gyrometer provide a
measure of the angular velocity whereas the otolith analogues to a
technical accelerometer provide a measure of the translational
acceleration. Two solutions are proposed and discussed. The first is
based on a stand-alone Kalman filter that optimally fuses the two
measurements based on their dynamic characteristics and their noise
properties. In this case, no body dynamic model is needed. In the
second solution, a central extended disturbance observer that
incorporates a body dynamic model (internal model) is employed.
The merits of both solutions are discussed and demonstrated by
experimental and simulation results.
Abstract: The purpose of this work is to present a method for
rigid registration of medical images using 1D binary projections
when a part of one of the two images is missing. We use 1D binary
projections and we adjust the projection limits according to the
reduced image in order to perform accurate registration. We use the
variance of the weighted ratio as a registration function which we
have shown is able to register 2D and 3D images more accurately and
robustly than mutual information methods. The function is computed
explicitly for n=5 Chebyshev points in a [-9,+9] interval and it is
approximated using Chebyshev polynomials for all other points. The
images used are MR scans of the head. We find that the method is
able to register the two images with average accuracy 0.3degrees for
rotations and 0.2 pixels for translations for a y dimension of 156 with
initial dimension 256. For y dimension 128/256 the accuracy
decreases to 0.7 degrees for rotations and 0.6 pixels for translations.