Abstract: The association between emotional inhibition strategies linked to depression has been showed inconsistent among studies. Mild emotional inhibition maybe benefit for social interaction, especially for female among East Asian cultures. The present study aimed to examine whether the inhibition–depression relationship is dependent on level of emotion inhibition and gender context, given differing value of suppressing emotional displays. We hypothesized that the negative associations between inhibition and adolescent depression would not directly, in which affected by interaction between emotion inhibition and gender. To test this hypothesis, we asked 309 junior high school students which age range from 12 to14 years old to report on their use of emotion inhibition and depression syndrome. A multiple regressions analysis revealed that significant interaction that gender as a moderator to the relationships between emotion inhibition and adolescent depression. The group with the highest level of depression was girls with high levels of emotion inhibition, whose depression score was higher than that of boys with high levels of emotion inhibition. The result highlights that the importance of context in understanding the inhibition-depression relationship.
Abstract: Food safety is an important concern for holiday
makers in foreign and unfamiliar tourist destinations. In fact, risk
from food in these tourist destinations has an influence on tourist
perception. This risk can potentially affect physical health and lead to
an inability to pursue planned activities. The objective of this paper
was to compare foreign tourists- demographics including gender, age
and education level, with the level of perceived risk towards food
safety. A total of 222 foreign tourists during their stay at Khao San
Road in Bangkok were used as the sample. Independent- samples ttest,
analysis of variance, and Least Significant Difference or LSD
post hoc test were utilized. The findings revealed that there were few
demographic differences in level of perceived risk among the foreign
tourists. The post hoc test indicated a significant difference among
the old and the young tourists, and between the higher and lower
level of education. Ranks of tourists- perceived risk towards food
safety unveiled some interesting results. Tourists- perceived risk of
food safety in established restaurants can be ranked as i) cleanliness
of dining utensils, ii) sanitation of food preparation area, and iii)
cleanliness of food seasoning and ingredients. Whereas, the tourists-
perceived risk of food safety in street food and drink can be ranked
as i) cleanliness of stalls and pushcarts, ii) cleanliness of food sold,
and iii) personal hygiene of street food hawkers or vendors.
Abstract: The customer satisfaction for textile sector carries
great importance like the customer satisfaction for other sectors
carry. Especially, if it is considered that gaining new customers
create four times more costs than protecting existing customers from
leaving, it can be seen that the customer satisfaction plays a great
role for the firms. In this study the affecting independent variables of
customer satisfaction are chosen as brand image, perceived service
quality and perceived product quality. By these independent
variables, it is investigated that if any differences exist in perception
of customer satisfaction according to the Turkish textile consumers in
the view of gender. In data analysis of this research the SPSS
program is used.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to explore the
demographic differences of international tourists according to three
main factors, including the value of time, shopping behavior and
shopping motivation. The Chatuchak Weekend Market is known as
one of the biggest weekend markets in the world. Too little academic
studies had been conducted in this area of weekend market, despite its
growth and continuous development. In general, both domestic
visitors and international tourists are attracted to the perception of
cheap and bargaining prices the weekend market. However, systematic
research study can provide reliable understanding of the perception of
the visitors.
This study focused on the group of international tourists who visited
the market and aimed to provide better insights based on the
differences in their demographic factors. Findings indicated that
several differences in value of time, shopping behavior, and shopping
motivation were identified by gender, income and age. Research
implications and directions for further studies were discussed.
Abstract: The main purpose of the research is to investigate the computer experiences and computer attitudes of prospective class teachers. The research also investigated the differences between computer attitudes and computer experiences, computer competencies and the influence of genders. Ninety prospective class teachers participated in the research. Computer Attitude Scale- Marmara (CAS-M), and a questionnaire, about their computer experiences, and opinions toward the use of computers in the classroom setting, were administrated. The major findings are as follows: (1) 62% of prospective class teachers have computer at home; (2) 50% of the computer owners have computers less than three years; (3) No significant differences were found between computer attitudes and gender; (4) Differences were found between general computer attitudes and computer liking attitudes of prospective class teachers based on their computer competencies in favor of more competent ones.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine a broader range of sport constraints perceived by young Koreans in Australia who may need to adjust to changing behavioral expectations due to the socio-cultural transitions. Regardless of gender, in terms of quantitative findings, the most important participation constraints within the seven categories were resources, access, interpersonal, affective, religious, socio-cultural, and physical in that order. The most important constraining items were a lack of time, access, information, adaptive skills, and parental and family support in that order. Qualitative research found young Korean’s participation constraints among three categories (time, parental control and interpersonal constraints). It is possible that different ethnic groups would be constrained by different factors; however, this is outside the scope of this study.
Abstract: The purposes of this research are: 1) to study the media
literacy of early teenagers, and 2) to study the interaction between
gender and timing of media exposure that affects the media literacy
of teenagers. The sample of the study included 400 young people
aged between 11 to 17 and who were living in Bangkok. The data
was collected using questionnaires. Two-way ANOVA was used in
analyzing the collected data. The result revealed that gender and
timing of media exposure affected the media literacy of early
teenagers with statistical significance at the level of 0.05.
Abstract: The paper is intended to declare and apply ethics, i. e.
moral principles, rules in marketing environment. Ethical behavior of
selected pharmaceutical companies in the Slovak Republic is the
object of our research. The aim of our research is to determine
perception of ethical behavior of the pharmaceutical industry in
Slovakia by the medicine representatives in comparison with the
assessment of doctors and patients. The experimental sample
included 90 participants who were divided into three groups:
medicine representatives of the pharmaceutical companies (N=30),
doctors (N=30) and patients (N=30). The research method was a
Questionnaire of ethical behavior, created by us, that describes
individual areas included in the Code of ethics of the pharmaceutical
industry in Slovakia. The results showed influence of professional
status on ethical behavior perception, not gender. Higher perception
was indicated at patients rather than doctors and medicine
representatives.
Abstract: The right to housing is a basic need while good
quality and affordable housing is a reflection of a high quality of life.
However, housing remains a major problem for most, especially for
the bottom billions. Satisfaction on housing and neighbourhood
conditions are one of the important indicators that reflect quality of
life. These indicators are also important in the process of evaluating
housing policy with the objective to increase the quality of housing
and neighbourhood. The research method is purely based on a
quantitative method, using a survey. The findings show that housing
purchasing trend in urban Malaysia is determined by demographic
profiles, mainly by education level, age, gender and income. The
period of housing ownership also influenced the socio-cultural
interactions and satisfaction of house owners with their
neighbourhoods. The findings also show that the main concerns for
house buyers in urban areas are price and location of the house.
Respondents feel that houses in urban Malaysia is too expensive and
beyond their affordability. Location of houses and distance from
work place are also regarded as the main concern. However,
respondents are fairly satisfied with religious and socio-cultural
facilities in the housing areas and most importantly not many regard
ethnicity as an issue in their decision-making, when buying a house.
Abstract: This paper presents a hand vein authentication system
using fast spatial correlation of hand vein patterns. In order to
evaluate the system performance, a prototype was designed and a
dataset of 50 persons of different ages above 16 and of different
gender, each has 10 images per person was acquired at different
intervals, 5 images for left hand and 5 images for right hand. In
verification testing analysis, we used 3 images to represent the
templates and 2 images for testing. Each of the 2 images is matched
with the existing 3 templates. FAR of 0.02% and FRR of 3.00 %
were reported at threshold 80. The system efficiency at this threshold
was found to be 99.95%. The system can operate at a 97% genuine
acceptance rate and 99.98 % genuine reject rate, at corresponding
threshold of 80. The EER was reported as 0.25 % at threshold 77. We
verified that no similarity exists between right and left hand vein
patterns for the same person over the acquired dataset sample.
Finally, this distinct 100 hand vein patterns dataset sample can be
accessed by researchers and students upon request for testing other
methods of hand veins matching.
Abstract: This paper focuses upon three such painters working in
France from this time and their representations both of their host
country in which they found themselves displaced, and of their
homeland which they represent through refracted memories from their
new perspective in Europe. What is their representation of France and
China´╝ÅTaiwan? Is it Otherness or an origin?
This paper also attempts to explore the three artists- diasporic lives
and to redefine their transnational identities. Hou Chin-lang, the
significance of his multiple-split images serve to highlight the intricate
relationships between his work and the surrounding family, and to
reveal his identity of his Taiwan “homeland". Yin Xin takes paintings
from the Western canon and subjects them to a process of
transformation through Chinese imagery. In the same period, Lin
Li-ling, transforms the transnational spirit of Yin Xin to symbolic
codes with neutered female bodies and tatoos, thus creates images that
challenge the boundaries of both gender and nationality.
Abstract: The aim of this study is to point out whether personalization of mathematical word problems could affect student achievement or not. The research was applied on two-grades students at spring semester 2008-2009. Before the treatment, students personal data were taken and given to the computer. During the treatment, paper-based personalized problems and paper-based non personalized problems were prepared by computer as the same problems and then these problems were given to students. At the end of the treatment, students- opinion was taken. As a result of this research, it was found out that there were no significant differences between learners through personalized or non-personalized materials, and also there were no significant differences between gender through personalized and non-personalized problems. However, opinion of students was highly positive through the personalized problems.
Abstract: This questionnaire-based study, aimed to measure and
compare the awareness of English reading strategies among EFL
learners at Bangkok University (BU) classified by their gender, field
of study, and English learning experience. Proportional stratified
random sampling was employed to formulate a sample of 380 BU
students. The data were statistically analyzed in terms of the mean
and standard deviation. t-Test analysis was used to find differences in
awareness of reading strategies between two groups (-male and
female- /-science and social-science students). In addition, one-way
analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare reading strategy
awareness among BU students with different lengths of English
learning experience. The results of this study indicated that the
overall awareness of reading strategies of EFL learners at BU was at
a high level (ðÑ = 3.60) and that there was no statistically significant
difference between males and females, and among students who have
different lengths of English learning experience at the significance
level of 0.05. However, significant differences among students
coming from different fields of study were found at the same level of
significance.
Abstract: the research was conducted using the self report of
shoplifters who apprehended in the supermarket while stealing. 943
shoplifters in three years were interviewed right after the stealing act
and before calling the police. The aim of the study is to know the
shoplifting characteristics in Saudi Arabia, including the trait of
shoplifters and the situation of the supermarkets where the stealing
takes place. The analysis based on the written information about each
thief as the documentary research method. Descriptive statistics as
well as some inferential statistics were employed. The result shows
that there are differences between genders, age groups, occupations,
time of the day, days of the week, months, way of stealing, individual
or group of thieves and other supermarket situations in the type of
items stolen, total price and the count of items. The result and the
recommendation will serve as a guide for retailers where, when and
who to look at to prevent shoplifting.
Abstract: The study was designed to develop a measurement of
the positive emotion regulation questionnaire (PERQ) that assesses
positive emotion regulation strategies through self-report. The 14
items developed for the surveying instrument of the study were based
upon literatures regarding elements of positive regulation strategies.
319 elementary students (age ranging from 12 to14) were recruited
among three public elementary schools to survey on their use of
positive emotion regulation strategies. Of 319 subjects, 20 invalid
questionnaire s yielded a response rate of 92%. The data collected
wasanalyzed through methods such as item analysis, factor analysis,
and structural equation models. In reference to the results from item
analysis, the formal survey instrument was reduced to 11 items. A
principal axis factor analysis with varimax was performed on
responses, resulting in a 2-factor equation (savoring strategy and
neutralizing strategy), which accounted for 55.5% of the total
variance. Then, the two-factor structure of scale was also identified by
structural equation models. Finally, the reliability coefficients of the
two factors were Cronbach-s α .92 and .74. Gender difference was
only found in savoring strategy. In conclusion, the positive emotion
regulation strategies questionnaire offers a brief, internally consistent,
and valid self-report measure for understanding the emotional
regulation strategies of children that may be useful to researchers and
applied professionals.
Abstract: Distance education program is a dimension of contemporary and new education technologies. Concepts and applications in this field are the results of a series of educational demands and developments in various communication and education technologies. Distance education applications have some conceptual bases. These are creating new education opportunities, realizing work-education unity, getting democratic in education, lifelong education, tendency to individual matters, effective use of institutions, integration of technology and education, tendency to individual and social needs, taking three dimensional integration as the main principle (publishing, printed materials and face to face education), reaching maximum mass, individual and mass education integrity and education demand and financial matters balance. Economics, Business Administration and Open Education faculties, which have been giving education within Anadolu University since 1982 in Turkey, are carrying on education with nearly 1.000.000 students. The aim of this study is to determine organizational commitment levels of students who have been studying at Anadolu University Economics, Business Administration and Open Education faculties in the scope of affective, continuance and nominative commitment in Allen&Meyer model. In the study, organizational commitment of the Economics, Business Administration and Open Education faculty students, who are receiving education by means of distance education, to their faculties is dealt after introducing Anadolu University Distance Education system which gives higher education via distance education method in Turkey. In order to increase the success level of faculties it is required for students to have high level of organizational commitment to their faculties. A questionnaire has been applied by using “Organizational Commitment Scale", developed by Meyer&Allen to determine organizational commitments of Economics, Business Administration and Open Education students. Organizational commitment is dealt with as affective, continuance and nominative commitment. The questionnaire was applied face to face to randomly chosen 500 students living in Eskişehir and the data was downloaded to the computer by using SPSS program and the results were analyzed in terms of demographic features (gender, age, marital status, years of study, work and income level) of students by using frequency test, ttest and ANOVA test. As a result of these analyses, when the comments of Open Education Faculty students on levels of affective, continuance and nominative commitment to their faculties were examined, it has been revealed that continuance commitment level has the highest rate. Among the female participants; continuance commitment is high in the age range of 30-40, for normative commitment it is 17-22. However no dominant age range was defined for affective commitment. Regarding the marital status; continuance commitment average is higher among married participants; but nominative affective commitment average is higher among single participants. As to the years of study, affective and continuance commitment is higher among senior students while normative commitment is higher among junior students. Moreover; in terms of continuance, affective and normative commitment, those who do not work and have low income have higher level of all there commitment types than those who work and have relatively high income.
Abstract: The main purpose of this study was to determine the predictors of academic achievement of student Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) teachers with different learning styles. Participants were 148 student ICT teachers from Ankara University. Participants were asked to fill out a personal information sheet, the Turkish version of Kolb-s Learning Style Inventory, Weinstein-s Learning and Study Strategies Inventory, Schommer's Epistemological Beliefs Questionnaire, and Eysenck-s Personality Questionnaire. Stepwise regression analyses showed that the statistically significant predictors of the academic achievement of the accommodators were attitudes and high school GPAs; of the divergers was anxiety; of the convergers were gender, epistemological beliefs, and motivation; and of the assimilators were gender, personality, and test strategies. Implications for ICT teaching-learning processes and teacher education are discussed.
Abstract: School homework has been synonymous with students- life in Chinese national type primary schools in Malaysia. Although many reports in the press claimed that students were burdened with too much of it, homework continues to be a common practice in national type schools that is believed to contribute to academic achievement. This study is conducted to identify the relationship between the burden of school homework and academic achievement among pupils in Chinese National Type Primary School in the state of Perak, Malaysia. A total of 284 students (142 from urban and 142 from rural) respectively were chosen as participants in this study. Variables of gender and location (urban/rural areas) has shown significant difference in student academic achievement. Female Chinese student from rural areas showed a higher mean score than males from urban area. Therefore, the Chinese language teachers should give appropriate and relevant homework to primary school students to achieve good academic performance.
Abstract: Emerging adulthood, the new period which is
especially prevalent in the developed or industrialized countries
during ages 18 to 29, is a new conceptualization proposed by Arnett.
Intimacy is a superordinate concept which includes intimate
interaction and intimate relationship. This study includes two
proceses which are scale development and conduction of gender
differences about markers of starting romantic intimacy among
Turkish emerging adults. In first process, Markers of Starting
Romantic Intimacy Scale, with 17 items and 5 factors, was developed
using by 220 participants. In the second step, the scale was
administered to 318 Turkish male and female emerging adults
between ages 22 and 25. Results show that there is no significant
difference between gender and total score of the scale. With respect
to gender, there are significant differences between gender and in
four subscales which are self perception, affective and cognitive
intimacy, self knowledge and romantic verbalizations. Moreover,
there is no significant relationship between gender and behavioral
intimacy subscale.
Abstract: This study aims to investigate the gender differences in
spatial navigation using the tasks of 2-D matrix navigation and
recognition of real driving scene. The results can be summarized as
followings. First, female subjects responded faster in 2-D matrix
navigation task than male subjects when landmark instructions were
provided. Second, in recognition task, male subjects recognized the
key elements involved in the past driving scene more accurately than
female subjects. In particular, female subjects tended to miss
peripheral information. These results suggest the possibility of gender
differences in spatial navigation.