Abstract: Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) is the
coherent oscillation of conductive electrons confined in noble
metallic nanoparticles excited by electromagnetic radiation, and
nanosphere lithography (NSL) is one of the cost-effective methods to
fabricate metal nanostructures for LSPR. NSL can be categorized
into two major groups: dispersed NSL and closely pack NSL. In
recent years, gold nanocrescents and gold nanoholes with vertical
sidewalls fabricated by dispersed NSL, and silver nanotriangles and
gold nanocaps on silica nanospheres fabricated by closely pack NSL,
have been reported for LSPR biosensing. This paper introduces
several novel gold nanostructures fabricated by NSL in LSPR
applications, including 3D nanostructures obtained by evaporating
gold obliquely on dispersed nanospheres, nanoholes with slant
sidewalls, and patchy nanoparticles on closely packed nanospheres,
all of which render satisfactory sensitivity for LSPR sensing. Since
the LSPR spectrum is very sensitive to the shape of the metal
nanostructures, formulas are derived and software is developed for
calculating the profiles of the obtainable metal nanostructures by
NSL, for different nanosphere masks with different fabrication
conditions. The simulated profiles coincide well with the profiles of
the fabricated gold nanostructures observed under scanning electron
microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM), which
proves that the software is a useful tool for the process design of
different LSPR nanostructures.
Abstract: Safety of bus journey is a fundamental concern. Risk of injuries and fatalities is severe when bus superstructure fails during rollover accident. Adequate design and sufficient strength of bus superstructure can reduce the number of injuries and fatalities. This paper deals with structural analysis of bus superstructure undergoes rollover event. Several value of mass will be varied in multiple simulations. The purpose of this work is to analyze structural response of bus superstructure in terms of deformation, stress and strain under several loading and constraining conditions. A complete bus superstructure with forty four passenger-s capability was developed using finite element analysis software. Simulations have been conducted to observe the effect of total mass of bus on the strength of superstructure. These simulations are following United Nation Economic Commission of Europe regulation 66 which focuses on strength of large vehicle superstructure. Validation process had been done using simple box model experiment and results obtained are comparing with simulation results. Inputs data from validation process had been used in full scale simulation. Analyses suggested that, the failure of bus superstructure during rollover situation is basically dependent on the total mass of bus and on the strength of bus superstructure.
Abstract: Previous studies mass evacuation route network does
not fully reflect the step-by-step behavior and evacuees make routing
decisions. Therefore, they do not work as expected when applied to the
evacuation route planning is valid. This article describes where
evacuees may have to make a direction to select all areas were
identified as guiding points to improve evacuation routes network.
This improved route network can be used as a basis for the layout can
be used to guide the signs indicate that provides the required
evacuation direction. This article also describes that combines
simulation and artificial bee colony algorithm to provide the proposed
routing solutions, to plan an integrated routing mode. The improved
network and the model used is the cinema as a case study to assess the
floor. The effectiveness of guidance solution in the total evacuation
time is significant by verification.
Abstract: Transient simulation of power electronic circuits is of
considerable interest to the designer. The switching nature of the
devices used permits development of specialized algorithms which
allow a considerable reduction in simulation time compared to
general purpose simulation algorithms. This paper describes a
method used to simulate a power electronic circuits using the
SIMULINK toolbox within MATLAB software. Theoretical results
are presented provides the basis of transient analysis of a power
electronic circuits.
Abstract: This paper examines the concept of simulation from
a modelling viewpoint. How can one Mealy machine simulate the other one? We create formalism for simulation of Mealy machines.
The injective s–morphism of the machine semigroups induces the simulation of machines [1]. We present the example of s–morphism
such that it is not a homomorphism of semigroups. The story for the
surjective s–morphisms is quite different. These are homomorphisms
of semigroups but there exists the surjective s–morphism such that it does not induce the simulation.
Abstract: Instead of representing individual cognition only, population cognition is represented using artificial neural networks whilst maintaining individuality. This population network trains continuously, simulating adaptation. An implementation of two coexisting populations is compared to the Lotka-Volterra model of predator-prey interaction. Applications include multi-agent systems such as artificial life or computer games.
Abstract: This work deals with modeling and simulation of SO2 removal in a ceramic membrane by means of FEM. A mass transfer model was developed to predict the performance of SO2 absorption in a chemical solvent. The model was based on solving conservation equations for gas component in the membrane. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) of mass and momentum were used to solve the model equations. The simulations aimed to obtain the distribution of gas concentration in the absorption process. The effect of the operating parameters on the efficiency of the ceramic membrane was evaluated. The modeling findings showed that the gas phase velocity has significant effect on the removal of gas whereas the liquid phase does not affect the SO2 removal significantly. It is also indicated that the main mass transfer resistance is placed in the membrane and gas phase because of high tortuosity of the ceramic membrane.
Abstract: In this paper we discuss the effect of unbounded particle interaction operator on particle growth and we study how this can address the choice of appropriate time steps of the numerical simulation. We provide also rigorous mathematical proofs showing that large particles become dominating with increasing time while small particles contribute negligibly. Second, we discuss the efficiency of the algorithm by performing numerical simulations tests and by comparing the simulated solutions with some known analytic solutions to the Smoluchowski equation.
Abstract: In this paper, investigation of subsynchronous
resonance (SSR) characteristics of a hybrid series compensated
system and the design of voltage controller for three level 24-pulse
Voltage Source Converter based Static Synchronous Series
Compensator (SSSC) is presented. Hybrid compensation consists of
series fixed capacitor and SSSC which is a active series FACTS
controller. The design of voltage controller for SSSC is based on
damping torque analysis, and Genetic Algorithm (GA) is adopted for
tuning the controller parameters. The SSR Characteristics of SSSC
with constant reactive voltage control modes has been investigated.
The results show that the constant reactive voltage control of SSSC
has the effect of reducing the electrical resonance frequency, which
detunes the SSR.The analysis of SSR with SSSC is carried out based
on frequency domain method, eigenvalue analysis and transient
simulation. While the eigenvalue and damping torque analysis are
based on D-Q model of SSSC, the transient simulation considers both
D-Q and detailed three phase nonlinear system model using
switching functions.
Abstract: Complex statistical analysis of stresses in concrete
slab of the real type of rigid pavement is performed. The
computational model of the pavement is designed as a spatial (3D) model, is based on a nonlinear variant of the finite element method
that respects the structural nonlinearity, enables to model different arrangement of joints, and the entire model can be loaded by the
thermal load. Interaction of adjacent slabs in joints and contact of the slab and the subsequent layer are modeled with help of special
contact elements. Four concrete slabs separated by transverse and
longitudinal joints and the additional subgrade layers and soil to the depth of about 3m are modeled. The thickness of individual layers,
physical and mechanical properties of materials, characteristics of
joints, and the temperature of the upper and lower surface of slabs are supposed to be random variables. The modern simulation technique
Updated Latin Hypercube Sampling with 20 simulations is used for statistical analysis. As results, the estimates of basic statistics of the
principal stresses s1 and s3 in 53 points on the upper and lower surface of the slabs are obtained.
Abstract: A multi-block algorithm and its implementation in two-dimensional finite element numerical model CCHE2D are presented. In addition to a conventional Lagrangian Interpolation Method (LIM), a novel interpolation method, called Consistent Interpolation Method (CIM), is proposed for more accurate information transfer across the interfaces. The consistent interpolation solves the governing equations over the auxiliary elements constructed around the interpolation nodes using the same numerical scheme used for the internal computational nodes. With the CIM, the momentum conservation can be maintained as well as the mass conservation. An imbalance correction scheme is used to enforce the conservation laws (mass and momentum) across the interfaces. Comparisons of the LIM and the CIM are made using several flow simulation examples. It is shown that the proposed CIM is physically more accurate and produces satisfactory results efficiently.
Abstract: Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker-s yeast) can exhibit
sustained oscillations during the operation in a continuous bioreactor
that adversely affects its stability and productivity. Because of
heterogeneous nature of cell populations, the cell population balance
models can be used to capture the dynamic behavior of such cultures.
In this paper an unstructured, segregated model is used which is
based on population balance equation(PBE) and then in order to
simulation, the 4th order Rung-Kutta is used for time dimension and
three methods, finite difference, orthogonal collocation on finite
elements and Galerkin finite element are used for discretization of the
cell mass domain. The results indicate that the orthogonal collocation
on finite element not only is able to predict the oscillating behavior of
the cell culture but also needs much little time for calculations.
Therefore this method is preferred in comparison with other methods.
In the next step two controllers, a globally linearizing control (GLC)
and a conventional proportional-integral (PI) controller are designed
for controlling the total cell mass per unit volume, and performances
of these controllers are compared through simulation. The results
show that although the PI controller has simpler structure, the GLC
has better performance.
Abstract: The article investigates how 14- to 15- year-olds build informal conceptions of inferential statistics as they engage in a modelling process and build their own computer simulations with dynamic statistical software. This study proposes four primary phases of informal inferential reasoning for the students in the statistical modeling and simulation process. Findings show shifts in the conceptual structures across the four phases and point to the potential of all of these phases for fostering the development of students- robust knowledge of the logic of inference when using computer based simulations to model and investigate statistical questions.
Abstract: In this paper we develop and analyze the model for
the spread of Leptospirosis by age group in Thailand, between 1997
and 2010 by using mathematical modeling and computer simulation.
Leptospirosis is caused by pathogenic spirochetes of the genus
Leptospira. It is a zoonotic disease of global importance and an
emerging health problem in Thailand. In Thailand, leptospirosis is a
reportable disease, the top three age groups are 23.31% in 35-44
years olds group, 22.76% in 25-34 year olds group, 17.60% in 45-54
year olds group from reported leptospirosis between 1997 and 2010,
with a peak in 35-44 year olds group. Our paper, the Leptosipirosis
transmission by age group in Thailand is studied on the mathematical
model. Some analytical and simulation results are presented.
Abstract: A new generation of manufacturing machines
so-called MIMCA (modular and integrated machine control
architecture) capable of handling much increased complexity in
manufacturing control-systems is presented. Requirement for more
flexible and effective control systems for manufacturing machine
systems is investigated and dimensioned-which highlights a need for
improved means of coordinating and monitoring production
machinery and equipment used to- transport material. The MIMCA
supports simulation based on machine modeling, was conceived by
the authors to address the issues. Essentially MIMCA comprises an
organized unification of selected architectural frameworks and
modeling methods, which include: NISTRCS, UMC and Colored
Timed Petri nets (CTPN). The unification has been achieved; to
support the design and construction of hierarchical and distributed
machine control which realized the concurrent operation of reusable
and distributed machine control components; ability to handle
growing complexity; and support requirements for real- time control
systems. Thus MIMCA enables mapping between 'what a machine
should do' and 'how the machine does it' in a well-defined but
flexible way designed to facilitate reconfiguration of machine
systems.
Abstract: In this article, LQR based PID controller design for
3DOF helicopter system is investigated. The 3-DOF helicopter
system is a benchmark laboratory model having strongly nonlinear
characteristics and unstable dynamics which make the control of such
system a challenging task. This article first presents the mathematical
model of the 3DOF helicopter system and then illustrates the basic
idea and technical formulation for controller design. The paper
explains the simple approach for the approximation of PID design
parameters from the LQR controller gain matrix. The simulation
results show that the investigated controller has both static and
dynamic performance, therefore the stability and the quick control
effect can be obtained simultaneously for the 3DOF helicopter
system.
Abstract: In this paper, Fabless Prototyping Methodology is
introduced for the design and analysis of MEMS devices.
Conventionally Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is performed before
system level simulation. In our proposed methodology, system level
simulation is performed earlier than FEA as it is computationally less
extensive and low cost. System level simulations are based on
equivalent behavioral models of MEMS device. Electrostatic
actuation based MEMS Microgripper is chosen as case study to
implement this methodology. This paper addresses the behavioral
model development and simulation of actuator part of an
electrostatically actuated Microgripper. Simulation results show that
the actuator part of Microgripper works efficiently for a voltage range
of 0-45V with the corresponding jaw displacement of 0-4.5425μm.
With some minor changes in design, this range can be enhanced to
15μm at 85V.
Abstract: This article deals to describe the simulation
investigation of the digital phase locked loop implemented in
software (SDPLL). SDPLL has been developed for speed drives of an
induction motor in scalar strategy. A drive was implemented and
simulation results are presented to verify the robustness against motor
parameter variation and regulation speed.
Abstract: With the widespread growth of applications of
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), the need for reliable security
mechanisms these networks has increased manifold. Many security
solutions have been proposed in the domain of WSN so far. These
solutions are usually based on well-known cryptographic
algorithms.
In this paper, we have made an effort to survey well known
security issues in WSNs and study the behavior of WSN nodes that
perform public key cryptographic operations. We evaluate time
and power consumption of public key cryptography algorithm for
signature and key management by simulation.
Abstract: In this study, the effects of biogas fuels on the performance of an annular micro gas turbine (MGT) were assessed experimentally and numerically. In the experiments, the proposed MGT system was operated successfully under each test condition; minimum composition to the fuel with the biogas was roughly 50% CH4 with 50% CO2. The power output was around 170W at 85,000 RPM as 90% CH4 with 10% CO2 was used and 70W at 65,000 RPM as 70% CH4 with 30% CO2 was used. When a critical limit of 60% CH4 was reached, the power output was extremely low. Furthermore, the theoretical Brayton cycle efficiency and electric efficiency of the MGT were calculated as 23% and 10%, respectively. Following the experiments, the measured data helped us identify the parameters of dynamic model in numerical simulation. Additionally, a numerical analysis of re-designed combustion chamber showed that the performance of MGT could be improved by raising the temperature at turbine inlet. This study presents a novel distributed power supply system that can utilize renewable biogas. The completed micro biogas power supply system is small, low cost, easy to maintain and suited to household use.