Abstract: A common way to elude the signature-based Network Intrusion Detection System is based upon changing a recognizable attack to an unrecognizable one via the IDS. For example, in order to evade sign accommodation with intrusion detection system markers, a hacker spilt the payload packet into many small pieces or hides them within messages. In this paper we try to model the main fragmentation attack and create a new module in the intrusion detection architecture system which recognizes the main fragmentation attacks through verification of integrity checking of TCP packet in order to prevent elusion of the system and also to announce the necessary alert to the system administrator.
Abstract: Dense slurry flow through centrifugal pump casing
has been modeled using the Eulerian-Eulerian approach with
Eulerian multiphase model in FLUENT 6.1®. First order upwinding
is considered for the discretization of momentum, k and ε terms.
SIMPLE algorithm has been applied for dealing with pressurevelocity
coupling. A mixture property based k-ε turbulence model
has been used for modeling turbulence. Results are validated first
against mesh independence and experiments for a particular set of
operational and geometric conditions. Parametric analysis is then
performed to determine the effect on important physical quantities
viz. solid velocities, solid concentration and solid stresses near the
wall with various operational geometric conditions of the pump.
Abstract: The changes in quality properties and nutritional
components in two fermented mugworts (Artemisia capillaries
Thumberg, Artemisiaeasiaticae Nakai) were characterized followed
by the rapid pattern analysis of volatile flavor compounds by Electric
Nose based on SAW(Surface Acoustic Wave) sensor in GC system.
There were remarkable decreases in the pH and small changes in the
total soluble solids after fermentation. The L (lightness) and b
(yellowness) values in Hunter's color system were shown to be
decreased, whilst the a (redness) value was increased by fermentation.
The HPLC analysis demonstrated that total amino acids were
increased in quantity and the essential amino acids were contained
higher in A. asiaticaeNakai than in A. capillaries Thumberg. While
the total polyphenol contents were not affected by fermentation, the
total sugar contents were dramatically decreased. Scopoletinwere
highly abundant in A. capillarisThumberg, however, it was not
detected in A. asiaticaeNakai. Volatile flavor compounds by Electric
Nose showed that the intensity of several peaks were increased much
and seven additional flavor peaks were newly produced after
fermentation. The flavor differences of two mugworts were clearly
distinguished from the image patterns of VaporPrintTM which indicate
that the fermentation enables the two mugworts to have subtle flavor
differences.
Abstract: The service sector continues to grow and the percentage
of GDP accounted for by service industries keeps increasing. The
growth and importance of service to an economy is not just a
phenomenon of advanced economies, service is now a majority of the
world gross domestic products. However, the performance evaluation
process of new service development problems generally involves
uncertain and imprecise data. This paper presents a 2-tuple fuzzy
linguistic computing approach to dealing with heterogeneous
information and information loss problems while the processes of
subjective evaluation integration. The proposed method based on group
decision-making scenario to assist business managers in measuring
performance of new service development manipulates the
heterogeneity integration processes and avoids the information loss
effectively.
Abstract: D-erythro-cyclohexylserine (D
chiral unnatural β-hydroxy amino acid expected for the synthesis of drug for AIDS treatment. To develop a continuous bioconversion
system with whole cell biocatalyst of D-threonine aldolase (D genes for the D-erythro-CHS production, D-threonine aldolase gene
was amplified from Ensifer arboris 100383 by direct PCR amplication using two degenerated oligonucleotide primers designed based on
genomic sequence of Shinorhizobium meliloti
Sequence analysis of the cloned DNA fragment revealed one
open-reading frame of 1059 bp and 386 amino acids. This putative
D-TA gene was cloned into NdeI and EcoRI (pEnsi
His-tag sequence or BamHI (pEnsi-DTA[2])
sequence of the pET21(a) vector. The expression level of the cloned gene was extremely overexpressed by E. coli BL21(DE3) transformed with pEnsi-DTA[1] compared to E. coli BL21(DE3) transformed with
pEnsi-DTA[2]. When the cells expressing the wild
used for D-TA enzyme activity, 12 mM glycine was successfully
detected in HPLC analysis. Moreover, the whole cells harbouring the
recombinant D-TA was able to synthesize D-erythro
of 0.6 mg/ml in a batch reaction.
Abstract: The stability of Newtonian and Non-Newtonian extending films under local or global heating or cooling conditions are considered. The thickness-averaged mass, momentum and energy equations with convective and radiative heat transfer are derived, both for Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids (Maxwell, PTT and Giesekus models considered). The stability of the system is explored using either eigenvalue analysis or transient simulations. The results showed that the influence of heating and cooling on stability strongly depends on the magnitude of the Peclet number. Examples of stabilization or destabilization of heating or cooling are shown for Pe
Abstract: The purposes of this research were 1) to survey the
number of drugstores that unlawful dispense of asthma prescription
drugs, in form of drug combinations in the Phaya Thai district of
Bangkok, 2) to find the steroids contained in that drug combinations,
3) to find a means for informing general public about the dangers of
drugs and for a campaign to stop dispensing them.
Researcher collected drug combinations from 69 drugstores in
Phaya Thai district from Feb 15, 2012 to Mar 15, 2012. The survey
found 30.43%, 21, drug stores, sold asthma drug combinations to
customers without a prescription. These collected samples were
tested for steroid contamination by using Immunochromatography
kits. Eleven samples, 52.38%, were found contaminated with
steroids. In short, there should be control and inspection of
drugstores in the distribution of steroid medications. To improve the
knowledge of self health maintenance and drug usage among public,
Thai Government and Department of Public Health should educate
people about the side effects of using drug combinations and steroids.
Abstract: Multiphase flow transport in porous medium is very common and significant in science and engineering applications. For example, in CO2 Storage and Enhanced Oil Recovery processes, CO2 has to be delivered to the pore spaces in reservoirs and aquifers. CO2 storage and enhance oil recovery are actually displacement processes, in which oil or water is displaced by CO2. This displacement is controlled by pore size, chemical and physical properties of pore surfaces and fluids, and also pore wettability. In this study, a technique was developed to measure the pressure profile for driving gas/liquid to displace water in pores. Through this pressure profile, the impact of pore size on the multiphase flow transport and displacement can be analyzed. The other rig developed can be used to measure the static and dynamic pore wettability and investigate the effects of pore size, surface tension, viscosity and chemical structure of liquids on pore wettability.
Abstract: The present work compares the performance of three
turbulence modeling approach (based on the two-equation k -ε
model) in predicting erosive wear in multi-size dense slurry flow
through rotating channel. All three turbulence models include
rotation modification to the production term in the turbulent kineticenergy
equation. The two-phase flow field obtained numerically
using Galerkin finite element methodology relates the local flow
velocity and concentration to the wear rate via a suitable wear model.
The wear models for both sliding wear and impact wear mechanisms
account for the particle size dependence. Results of predicted wear
rates using the three turbulence models are compared for a large
number of cases spanning such operating parameters as rotation rate,
solids concentration, flow rate, particle size distribution and so forth.
The root-mean-square error between FE-generated data and the
correlation between maximum wear rate and the operating
parameters is found less than 2.5% for all the three models.
Abstract: Octree compression techniques have been used
for several years for compressing large three dimensional data
sets into homogeneous regions. This compression technique
is ideally suited to datasets which have similar values in
clusters. Oil engineers represent reservoirs as a three dimensional
grid where hydrocarbons occur naturally in clusters. This
research looks at the efficiency of storing these grids using
octree compression techniques where grid cells are broken
into active and inactive regions. Initial experiments yielded
high compression ratios as only active leaf nodes and their
ancestor, header nodes are stored as a bitstream to file on
disk. Savings in computational time and memory were possible
at decompression, as only active leaf nodes are sent to the
graphics card eliminating the need of reconstructing the original
matrix. This results in a more compact vertex table, which can
be loaded into the graphics card quicker and generating shorter
refresh delay times.
Abstract: An innovative tri-axes micro-power receiver is
proposed. The tri-axes micro-power receiver consists of two sets 3-D
micro-solenoids and one set planar micro-coils in which iron core is
embedded. The three sets of micro-coils are designed to be orthogonal
to each other. Therefore, no matter which direction the flux is present
along, the magnetic energy can be harvested and transformed into
electric power. Not only dead space of receiving power is mostly
reduced, but also transformation efficiency of electromagnetic energy
to electric power can be efficiently raised. By employing commercial
software, Ansoft Maxwell, the preliminary simulation results verify
that the proposed micro-power receiver can efficiently pick up the
energy transmitted by magnetic power source.
As to the fabrication process, the isotropic etching technique is
employed to micro-machine the inverse-trapezoid fillister so that the
copper wire can be successfully electroplated. The adhesion between
micro-coils and fillister is much enhanced.
Abstract: The case study was conducted to show the effect of milking method in goat called half day milking on the milk production and the growth of kids. Data were collected by interviewing farmers and investigating goat production in the communal goat housing from June 2008 to May 2009. The interview was conducted to collect data about goat management. The observations were conducted on 10 goats, which were selected based on the uniformity of age, number of kid born/goat and the milking method in practice. The samples were divided into two groups; those were full 3 months nursing and half day milked goats (in this group the kids were separated from goat during the previous night milking and then the kids were allowed to suck the goat during the day). The result showed that the communal goat housing had 138 goats and 25% of the farmers milked the goat. The implementation of half day milking increased the milk production significantly (P
Abstract: Traditionally, Yemini Sidr honey has been reported to
cure liver problems, stomach ulcers, and respiratory disorders. In this
experiment, we evaluated Yemeni Sidr honey for its ability to protect
inflammations caused by acetic acid and formalin -induced writhing,
carrageenan and histamine-induced paw oedema in experimental rat
model. Hyperpyrexia, membrane stabilizing activity, and
phytochemical screening of the honey was also examined. Yemini
Sidr Honey at (100, 200 and 500 mg/kg) exhibited a concentration
dependant inhibition of acetic acid induced and formalin induced
writhing, paw oedema induced by carrageenan & histamine, and
hyperpyrexia induced by brewer's yeast, it also inhibited membrane
stabilizing activity. Phytochemical screenings of the honey reveal the
presence of flavonoids, steroid, alkaloids, saponins and tannins. This
study suggested that Yemeni Sidr honey possess very strong antiinflammatory,
analgesic and antipyretic effects and these effects
would be a result of the phytochemicals present.
Abstract: The mechanical properties of granular solids are
dependent on the flow of stresses from one particle to another
through inter-particle contact. Although some experimental methods
have been used to study the inter-particle contacts in the past,
preliminary work with these techniques indicated that they do not
have the necessary resolution to distinguish between those contacts
that transmit the load and those that do not, especially for systems
with a wide distribution of particle sizes. In this research, computer
simulations are used to study the nature and distribution of contacts
in a compact with wide particle size distribution, representative of
aggregate size distribution used in asphalt pavement construction.
The packing fraction, the mean number of contacts and the
distribution of contacts were studied for different scenarios. A
methodology to distinguish and compute the fraction of load-bearing
particles and the fraction of space-filling particles (particles that do
not transmit any force) is needed for further investigation.
Abstract: A new code synchronization algorithm is proposed in
this paper for the secondary cell-search stage in wideband CDMA
systems. Rather than using the Cyclically Permutable (CP) code in the
Secondary Synchronization Channel (S-SCH) to simultaneously
determine the frame boundary and scrambling code group, the new
synchronization algorithm implements the same function with less
system complexity and less Mean Acquisition Time (MAT). The
Secondary Synchronization Code (SSC) is redesigned by splitting into
two sub-sequences. We treat the information of scrambling code group
as data bits and use simple time diversity BCH coding for further
reliability. It avoids involved and time-costly Reed-Solomon (RS)
code computations and comparisons. Analysis and simulation results
show that the Synchronization Error Rate (SER) yielded by the new
algorithm in Rayleigh fading channels is close to that of the
conventional algorithm in the standard. This new synchronization
algorithm reduces system complexities, shortens the average
cell-search time and can be implemented in the slot-based cell-search
pipeline. By taking antenna diversity and pipelining correlation
processes, the new algorithm also shows its flexible application in
multiple antenna systems.
Abstract: Malware is software which was invented and meant for doing harms on computers. Malware is becoming a significant threat in computer network nowadays. Malware attack is not just only involving financial lost but it can also cause fatal errors which may cost lives in some cases. As new Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) emerged, many people believe this protocol could solve most malware propagation issues due to its broader addressing scheme. As IPv6 is still new compares to native IPv4, some transition mechanisms have been introduced to promote smoother migration. Unfortunately, these transition mechanisms allow some malwares to propagate its attack from IPv4 to IPv6 network environment. In this paper, a proof of concept shall be presented in order to show that some existing IPv4 malware detection technique need to be improvised in order to detect malware attack in dual-stack network more efficiently. A testbed of dual-stack network environment has been deployed and some genuine malware have been released to observe their behaviors. The results between these different scenarios will be analyzed and discussed further in term of their behaviors and propagation methods. The results show that malware behave differently on IPv6 from the IPv4 network protocol on the dual-stack network environment. A new detection technique is called for in order to cater this problem in the near future.
Abstract: Estimation of stormwater pollutants is a pre-requisite
for the protection and improvement of the aquatic environment and
for appropriate management options. The usual practice for the
stormwater quality prediction is performed through water quality
modeling. However, the accuracy of the prediction by the models
depends on the proper estimation of model parameters. This paper
presents the estimation of model parameters for a catchment water
quality model developed for the continuous simulation of stormwater
pollutants from a catchment to the catchment outlet. The model is
capable of simulating the accumulation and transportation of the
stormwater pollutants; suspended solids (SS), total nitrogen (TN) and
total phosphorus (TP) from a particular catchment. Rainfall and water
quality data were collected for the Hotham Creek Catchment (HTCC),
Gold Coast, Australia. Runoff calculations from the developed model
were compared with the calculated discharges from the widely used
hydrological models, WBNM and DRAINS. Based on the measured
water quality data, model water quality parameters were calibrated
for the above-mentioned catchment. The calibrated parameters are
expected to be helpful for the best management practices (BMPs)
of the region. Sensitivity analyses of the estimated parameters were
performed to assess the impacts of the model parameters on overall
model estimations of runoff water quality.
Abstract: The efficient operation of any biological treatment
process requires pre-treatment of incompatible pollutants such as
acids, bases, oil, toxic substances, etc. which hamper the treatment
of other major components which are otherwise degradable. The
pre-treatment of alkaline waste-waters, generated from various
industries like textile, paper & pulp, potato-processing industries,
etc., having a pH of 10 or higher, is essential. The pre-treatment,
i.e., neutralization of such alkaline waste-waters can be achieved by
chemical as well as biological means. However, the biological pretreatment
offers better package over the chemical means by being
safe and economical. The biological pre-treatment can be
accomplished by using a blend of microorganisms able to withstand
such harsh alkaline conditions. In the present study, for the proper
pre-treatment of alkaline waste-waters, a package of alkalophilic
bacteria is formulated to neutralise the alkaline pH of the industrial
waste-waters. The developed microbial package is cost-effective as
well as environmental friendly.
Abstract: Erwinia carotovora var. carotovora is the main cause of soft rot in potatoes. Hyphaene thebaica was studied for biocontrol of E. carotovora which inhibited growth of E. carotovora on solid medium, a comparative study of classical and ultrasound-assisted extractions of Hyphaene thebaica fruit. The use of ultrasound decreased significant the total time of treatment and increase the total amount of crude extract. The crude extract was subjected to determine the in vitro, by a bioassay technique revealed that the treatment of paper disks with ultrasound extraction of Hyphaene thebaica reduced the growth of pathogen and produced inhibition zones up to 38mm in diameter. The antioxidant activity of ultrasound-ethanolic extract of Doum fruits (Hyphaene thebaica) was determined. Data obtained showed that the extract contains the secondary metabolites such as Tannins, Saponin, Flavonoids, Phenols, Steroids, Terpenoids, Glycosides and Alkaloids.
Abstract: Estimation of natural frequency of structures is very
important and isn-t usually calculated simply and sometimes
complicated. Lack of knowledge about that caused hard damage and
hazardous effects.
In this paper, with using from two different models in FEM
method and based on hydrodynamic mass of fluids, natural frequency
of an especial bearing (Fig. 1) in an electric field (or, a periodic
force) is calculated in different stiffness and different geometric. In
final, the results of two models and analytical solution are compared.