Abstract: In this article, a formal specification and verification of the Rabin public-key scheme in a formal proof system is presented. The idea is to use the two views of cryptographic verification: the computational approach relying on the vocabulary of probability theory and complexity theory and the formal approach based on ideas and techniques from logic and programming languages. A major objective of this article is the presentation of the first computer-proved implementation of the Rabin public-key scheme in Isabelle/HOL. Moreover, we explicate a (computer-proven) formalization of correctness as well as a computer verification of security properties using a straight-forward computation model in Isabelle/HOL. The analysis uses a given database to prove formal properties of our implemented functions with computer support. The main task in designing a practical formalization of correctness as well as efficient computer proofs of security properties is to cope with the complexity of cryptographic proving. We reduce this complexity by exploring a light-weight formalization that enables both appropriate formal definitions as well as efficient formal proofs. Consequently, we get reliable proofs with a minimal error rate augmenting the used database, what provides a formal basis for more computer proof constructions in this area.
Abstract: In present work are considered the scheme of
evaluation the transition probability in quantum system. It is based on
path integral representation of transition probability amplitude and its
evaluation by means of a saddle point method, applied to the part of
integration variables. The whole integration process is reduced to
initial value problem solutions of Hamilton equations with a random
initial phase point. The scheme is related to the semiclassical initial
value representation approaches using great number of trajectories. In
contrast to them from total set of generated phase paths only one path
for each initial coordinate value is selected in Monte Karlo process.
Abstract: There has been a growing emphasis in
communication management from simple coordination of
promotional tools to a complex strategic process. This study will
examine the current marketing communications and engagement
strategies used in addressing the key stakeholders. In the case of
fertilizer industry in Malaysia, there has been little empirical
research on stakeholder communication when major challenges
facing the modern corporation is the need to communicate its
identity, its values and products in order to distinguish itself from
competitors. The study will employ both quantitative and qualitative
methods and the use of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to
establish a causal relationship amongst the key factors of stakeholder
communication strategies and increment in consumers-
choice/acceptance and impact on financial performance. One of the
major contributions is a conceptual framework for communication
strategies and engagement in increasing consumers- acceptance level
and the firm-s financial performance.
Abstract: Thisresearch paper is dedicated to an actual issue in Latvia and in the whole European Union – development of the secondary materials management. The goal of this paper is to research the development of the secondary materials management in Latvia as a result to point out its main positive aspects and problems. In this research paper the author regards following issues: significance of the secondary materials management, current situation of the waste generation and utilization in Latvia comparing with other EU Member States, main problems and positive aspects of the secondary materials management in Latvia. The research author concludes that in last ten years a great work is done to develop the secondary materials market. Nevertheless following improvements are necessary: implementation of the packaging deposit system, development of the separate waste collection, increasing of the recycling capacity.
Abstract: This study aims to examine the factors affecting
knowledge sharing behavior in knowledge-based electronic communities (e-communities) because quantity and quality of
knowledge shared among the members play a critical role in the community-s sustainability. Past research has suggested three
perspectives that may affect the quantity and quality of knowledge
shared: economics, social psychology, and social ecology. In this
study, we strongly believe that an economic perspective may be suitable to validate factors influencing newly registered members-
knowledge contribution at the beginning of relationship development.
Accordingly, this study proposes a model to validate the factors influencing members- knowledge sharing based on Transaction Cost
Theory. By doing so, we may empirically test our hypotheses in various types of e-communities to determine the generalizability of our research models.
Abstract: This paper presents an architecture of current filesystem
implementations as well as our new filesystem SpadFS and operating
system Spad with rewritten VFS layer targeted at high performance
I/O applications. The paper presents microbenchmarks and real-world
benchmarks of different filesystems on the same kernel as well as
benchmarks of the same filesystem on different kernels – enabling
the reader to make conclusion how much is the performance of
various tasks affected by operating system and how much by physical
layout of data on disk. The paper describes our novel features–most
notably continuous allocation of directories and cross-file readahead
– and shows their impact on performance.
Abstract: Adsorption of methanol and ethanol over mesoporous
siliceous material are studied in the current paper. The pure
mesoporous silica is prepared using tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) as
silica source and dodecylamine as template at low pH. The prepared
material was characterized using nitrogen adsorption,nX-ray
diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The
adsorption kinetics of methanol and ethanol from aqueous solution
were studied over the prepared mesoporous silica material. The
percent removal of alcohol was calculated per unit mass of adsorbent
used. The 1st order model is found to be in agreement with both
adsorbates while the 2nd order model fit the adsorption of methanol
only.
Abstract: The objective of the present study was to examine the
dose-response relationships between antioxidant parameters and liver
contaminant levels of Kazakhstan light crude oil (KLCO) in albino
rats. The animals were repeatedly exposed, by intraperitoneal
injection, to low dosages (0.5–1.5 ml/kg) of KLCO. Rats exposed to
these doses levels did not show any apparent symptoms of
intoxication. Serum aminotransferases increased significantly
(p
Abstract: In this paper we evaluated the efficacy of
photodynamic treatment of infected wounds on pig animal model by
diffuse reflectance spectrometry. The study was conducted on fifteen
wounds contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus bacteria that were
incubated for 30 min with methylene blue solution (c = 3.3 x 10-3 M)
and exposed to laser radiations (λ = 670 nm, P = 15 mW) for 15 min.
The efficiency of photodynamic inactivation of bacteria was
evaluated by microbiological exams and diffuse reflectance
spectrometry. The results of the microbiological exams showed that
the bacterial concentration has decreased from 6.93±0.138
logCFU/ml to 3.12±0.108 logCFU/ml. The spectral examination
showed that the diffuse reflectance of wounds contaminated with
Staphylococcus aureus has decreased from 5.06±0.036 % to
3.36±0.025 %. In conclusion, photodynamic therapy is an effective
method for the treatment of infected wounds and there is a correlation
between the CFU count and diffuse reflectance.
Abstract: The aim of the work presented here was to either use
existing forest dynamic simulation models or calibrate a new one
both within the SYMFOR framework with the purpose of examining
changes in stand level basal area and functional composition in
response to selective logging considering trees > 10 cm d.b.h for two
areas of undisturbed Amazonian non flooded tropical forest in Brazil
and one in Peru. Model biological realism was evaluated for forest in
the undisturbed and selectively logged state and it was concluded that
forest dynamics were realistically represented. Results of the logging
simulation experiments showed that in relation to undisturbed forest
simulation subject to no form of harvesting intervention there was a
significant amount of change over a 90 year simulation period that
was positively proportional to the intensity of logging. Areas which
had in the dynamic equilibrium of undisturbed forest a greater
proportion of a specific ecological guild of trees known as the light
hardwoods (LHW’s) seemed to respond more favorably in terms of
less deviation but only within a specific range of baseline forest
composition beyond which compositional diversity became more
important. These finds are in line partially with practical management
experience and partiality basic systematics theory respectively.
Abstract: In the following text, we show that by introducing
universal kinetic scheme, the origin of rate retardation and inhibition
period which observed in dithiobenzoate-mediated RAFT
polymerization can be described properly. We develop our model by
utilizing the method of moments, then we apply our model to
different monomer/RAFT agent systems, both homo- and
copolymerization. The modeling results are in an excellent
agreement with experiments and imply the validity of universal
kinetic scheme, not only for dithiobenzoate-mediated systems, but
also for different types of monomer/RAFT agent ones.
Abstract: In this study, the dispersion of heavy particles line in
an isotropic and incompressible three-dimensional turbulent flow has
been studied using the Kinematic Simulation techniques to find out
the evolution of the line fractal dimension. The fractal dimension of
the line is found in the case of different particle gravity (in practice,
different values of particle drift velocity) in the presence of small
particle inertia with a comparison with that obtained in the diffusion
case of material line at the same Reynolds number. It can be
concluded for the dispersion of heavy particles line in turbulent flow
that the particle gravity affect the fractal dimension of the line for
different particle gravity velocities in the range 0.2 < W < 2. With
the increase of the particle drift velocity, the fractal dimension of the
line decreases which may be explained as the particles pass many
scales in their journey in the direction of the gravity and the particles
trajectories do not affect by these scales at high particle drift
velocities.
Abstract: In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in using daylight to save energy in buildings. In tropical regions, daylighting is always an energy saver. On the other hand, daylight provides visual comfort. According to standards, it shows that many criteria should be taken into consideration in order to have daylight utilization and visual comfort. The current standard in Malaysia, MS 1525 does not provide sufficient guideline. Hence, more research is needed on daylight performance. If architects do not consider daylight design, it not only causes inconvenience in working spaces but also causes more energy consumption as well as environmental pollution. This research had surveyed daylight performance in 5 selected office buildings from different area of Malaysian through experimental method. Several parameters of daylight quality such as daylight factor, surface luminance and surface luminance ratio were measured in different rooms in each building. The result of this research demonstrated that most of the buildings were not designed for daylight utilization. Therefore, it is very important that architects follow the daylight design recommendation to reduce consumption of electric power for artificial lighting while the sufficient quality of daylight is available.
Abstract: Data hiding into text documents itself involves pretty
complexities due to the nature of text documents. A robust text
watermarking scheme targeting an object based environment is
presented in this research. The heart of the proposed solution
describes the concept of watermarking an object based text document
where each and every text string is entertained as a separate object
having its own set of properties. Taking advantage of the z-ordering
of objects watermark is applied with the z-axis letting zero fidelity
disturbances to the text. Watermark sequence of bits generated
against user key is hashed with selected properties of given
document, to determine the bit sequence to embed. Bits are
embedded along z-axis and the document has no fidelity issues when
printed, scanned or photocopied.
Abstract: An effective approach for realizing the binary tree structure, representing a combinational logic functionality with enhanced throughput, is discussed in this paper. The optimization in maximum operating frequency was achieved through delay minimization, which in turn was possible by means of reducing the depth of the binary network. The proposed synthesis methodology has been validated by experimentation with FPGA as the target technology. Though our proposal is technology independent, yet the heuristic enables better optimization in throughput even after technology mapping for such Boolean functionality; whose reduced CNF form is associated with a lesser literal cost than its reduced DNF form at the Boolean equation level. For cases otherwise, our method converges to similar results as that of [12]. The practical results obtained for a variety of case studies demonstrate an improvement in the maximum throughput rate for Spartan IIE (XC2S50E-7FT256) and Spartan 3 (XC3S50-4PQ144) FPGA logic families by 10.49% and 13.68% respectively. With respect to the LUTs and IOBUFs required for physical implementation of the requisite non-regenerative logic functionality, the proposed method enabled savings to the tune of 44.35% and 44.67% respectively, over the existing efficient method available in literature [12].
Abstract: The impact of a proposed pier on tidal current
alteration was evaluated. The proposed pier location was in Salad
Bay on Koa Kood Island, Trat province, Thailand, and was designed
to accommodate passenger ships with a draft of less than 2 m. The
study began with collecting necessary data, including bathymetric,
water elevation and tidal current characteristics. The impact was
assessed using a software package (MIKE21). Although the results
showed that the pier would affect the existing current pattern, the
change was determined to be insignificant, as the design of the piles
for the pier provided sufficient spacing to let the current flow as
freely as possible. Consequences of the altered current, such as
seabed erosion, water stagnation, sediment deposition and
navigational risk were assessed. Environmental mitigation measures
might be necessary if the impacts were considered unacceptable.
Abstract: Using a force balanced translational-radial dynamics,
phase space of the moving single bubble sonoluminescence (m-
SBSL) in 85% wt sulfuric acid has been numerically calculated. This
phase space is compared with that of single bubble sonoluminescence
(SBSL) in pure water which has been calculated by using the mere
radial dynamics. It is shown that in 85% wt sulfuric acid, in a general
agreement with experiment, the bubble-s positional instability
threshold lays under the shape instability threshold. At the onset of
spatial instability of moving sonoluminescing (SL) bubble in 85%
wt sulfuric acid, temporal effects of the hydrodynamic force on the
bubble translational-radial dynamics have been investigated. The
appearance of non-zero history force on the moving SL bubble is
because of proper condition which was produced by high viscosity of
acid. Around the moving bubble collapse due to the rapid contraction
of the bubble wall, the inertial based added mass force overcomes the
viscous based history force and induces acceleration on the bubble
translational motion.
Abstract: This study was conducted to investigate the efficacy
of five herbicides on narrow leaved weeds and growth and yield of
wheat. An experiment was conducted at Agronomic Research
Farm, University of Agriculture Faisalabad. The experiment was
laid out in randomized complete block designee (RCBD) with three
replications. Treatments studied were clodinafop (Topic-15 WG) at
37 g a.i. ha-1, clodinafop (Topaz-15 WG) at 45 g a.i. ha-1,
fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (Puma Super-75 EW) at 45 g a.i. ha-1,
fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (Gramicide-6.9 EW) at 85 g a.i. ha-1,
fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (Chinlima-6.9 EW) at 85 g a.i. ha-1 and weedy
check. Plots treated with fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (Puma Super-75 EW)
at 45 g a.i. ha-1 produced relatively less weed biomass, more plant
height, number of spike bearing tillers, number of grains per spike,
1000-grain weight and grain yield (4.20 t ha-1).
Abstract: In inspection and workpiece localization, sampling point data is an important issue. Since the devices for sampling only sample discrete points, not the completely surface, sampling size and location of the points will be taken into consideration. In this paper a method is presented for determining the sampled points size and location for achieving efficient sampling. Firstly, uncertainty analysis of the localization parameters is investigated. A localization uncertainty model is developed to predict the uncertainty of the localization process. Using this model the minimum size of the sampled points is predicted. Secondly, based on the algebra theory an eigenvalue-optimal optimization is proposed. Then a freeform surface is used in the simulation. The proposed optimization is implemented. The simulation result shows its effectivity.
Abstract: An image texture analysis and target recognition approach of using an improved image texture feature coding method (TFCM) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) for target detection is presented. With our proposed target detection framework, targets of interest can be detected accurately. Cascade-Sliding-Window technique was also developed for automated target localization. Application to mammogram showed that over 88% of normal mammograms and 80% of abnormal mammograms can be correctly identified. The approach was also successfully applied to Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) images for target detection.