Abstract: Compression algorithms reduce the redundancy in
data representation to decrease the storage required for that data.
Lossless compression researchers have developed highly
sophisticated approaches, such as Huffman encoding, arithmetic
encoding, the Lempel-Ziv (LZ) family, Dynamic Markov
Compression (DMC), Prediction by Partial Matching (PPM), and
Burrows-Wheeler Transform (BWT) based algorithms.
Decompression is also required to retrieve the original data by
lossless means. A compression scheme for text files coupled with
the principle of dynamic decompression, which decompresses only
the section of the compressed text file required by the user instead of
decompressing the entire text file. Dynamic decompressed files offer
better disk space utilization due to higher compression ratios
compared to most of the currently available text file formats.
Abstract: In H.264/AVC video encoding, rate-distortion
optimization for mode selection plays a significant role to achieve
outstanding performance in compression efficiency and video quality.
However, this mode selection process also makes the encoding
process extremely complex, especially in the computation of the ratedistortion
cost function, which includes the computations of the sum
of squared difference (SSD) between the original and reconstructed
image blocks and context-based entropy coding of the block. In this
paper, a transform-domain rate-distortion optimization accelerator
based on fast SSD (FSSD) and VLC-based rate estimation algorithm
is proposed. This algorithm could significantly simplify the hardware
architecture for the rate-distortion cost computation with only
ignorable performance degradation. An efficient hardware structure
for implementing the proposed transform-domain rate-distortion
optimization accelerator is also proposed. Simulation results
demonstrated that the proposed algorithm reduces about 47% of total
encoding time with negligible degradation of coding performance.
The proposed method can be easily applied to many mobile video
application areas such as a digital camera and a DMB (Digital
Multimedia Broadcasting) phone.
Abstract: Wireless LAN technologies have picked up
momentum in the recent years due to their ease of deployment, cost
and availability. The era of wireless LAN has also given rise to
unique applications like VOIP, IPTV and unified messaging.
However, these real-time applications are very sensitive to network
and handoff latencies. To successfully support these applications,
seamless roaming during the movement of mobile station has become
crucial. Nowadays, centralized architecture models support roaming
in WLANs. They have the ability to manage, control and
troubleshoot large scale WLAN deployments. This model is managed
by Control and Provision of Wireless Access Point protocol
(CAPWAP). This paper covers the CAPWAP architectural solution
along with its proposals that have emerged. Based on the literature
survey conducted in this paper, we found that the proposed
algorithms to reduce roaming latency in CAPWAP architecture do
not support seamless roaming. Additionally, they are not sufficient
during the initial period of the network. This paper also suggests
important design consideration for mobility support in future
centralized IEEE 802.11 networks.
Abstract: When a high DC voltage is applied to a capacitor with
strongly asymmetrical electrodes, it generates a mechanical force that
affects the whole capacitor. This phenomenon is most likely to be
caused by the motion of ions generated around the smaller of the two
electrodes and their subsequent interaction with the surrounding
medium. A method to measure this force has been devised and used.
A formula describing the force has also been derived. After
comparing the data gained through experiments with those acquired
using the theoretical formula, a difference was found above a certain
value of current. This paper also gives reasons for this difference.
Abstract: In this paper, a joint source-channel coding (JSCC) scheme for time-varying channels is presented. The proposed scheme uses hierarchical framework for both source encoder and transmission via QAM modulation. Hierarchical joint source channel codes with hierarchical QAM constellations are designed to track the channel variations which yields to a higher throughput by adapting certain parameters of the receiver to the channel variation. We consider the problem of still image transmission over time-varying channels with channel state information (CSI) available at 1) receiver only and 2) both transmitter and receiver being informed about the state of the channel. We describe an algorithm that optimizes hierarchical source codebooks by minimizing the distortion due to source quantizer and channel impairments. Simulation results, based on image representation, show that, the proposed hierarchical system outperforms the conventional schemes based on a single-modulator and channel optimized source coding.
Abstract: Korea Train eXpress (KTX) is now being operated,
which allows Korea being one of the countries that operates the
high-speed rail system. The high-speed rail has its advantage of short
time transportation of population and materials, which lead to many
researches performed in this matter. In the case of high speed classical
trackbed system, the maintenance and usability of gravel ballast
system is costly. Recently, the concrete trackbed structure has been
introduced as a replacement of classical trackbed system. In this case,
the sleeper plays a critical role. Current study investigated to develop
the track sleepers readily applicable to the top of the asphalt trackbed,
as part of the trcakbed study utilizing the asphalt material. Among
many possible shapes and design of sleepers, current study proposed
two types of wide-sleepers according to the shear-key installation
method. The structural behavior analysis and safety evaluation on each
case was conducted using Korean design standard.
Abstract: Water 2H NMR signal on the surface of nano-silica material, MCM-41, consists of two overlapping resonances. The 2H water spectrum shows a superposition of a Lorentzian line shape and the familiar NMR powder pattern line shape, indicating the existence of two spin components. Chemical exchange occurs between these two groups. Decomposition of the two signals is a crucial starting point for study the exchange process. In this article we have determined these spin component populations along with other important parameters for the 2H water NMR signal over a temperature range between 223 K and 343 K.
Abstract: This paper describes an efficient and practical method
for economic dispatch problem in one and two area electrical power
systems with considering the constraint of the tie transmission line
capacity constraint. Direct search method (DSM) is used with some
equality and inequality constraints of the production units with any
kind of fuel cost function. By this method, it is possible to use several
inequality constraints without having difficulty for complex cost
functions or in the case of unavailability of the cost function
derivative. To minimize the number of total iterations in searching,
process multi-level convergence is incorporated in the DSM.
Enhanced direct search method (EDSM) for two area power system
will be investigated. The initial calculation step size that causes less
iterations and then less calculation time is presented. Effect of the
transmission tie line capacity, between areas, on economic dispatch
problem and on total generation cost will be studied; line
compensation and active power with reactive power dispatch are
proposed to overcome the high generation costs for this multi-area
system.
Abstract: This paper presents a comparison of average outgoing
quality limit of the MCSP-2-C plan with MCSP-C when MCSP-2-C
has been developed from MCSP-C. The parameters used in MCSP-2-
C are: i (the clearance number), c (the acceptance number), m (the
number of conforming units to be found before allowing c nonconforming
units in the sampling inspection), f1 and f2 (the sampling
frequency at level 1 and 2, respectively). The average outgoing
quality limit (AOQL) values from two plans were compared and we
found that for all sets of i, r, and c values, MCSP-2-C gives higher
values than MCSP-C. For all sets of i, r, and c values, the average
outgoing quality values of MCSP-C and MCSP-2-C are similar when
p is low or high but is difference when p is moderate.
Abstract: Interior brick-infill partitions are usually considered as
non-structural components, and only their weight is accounted for in
practical structural design. In this study, the brick-infill panels are
simulated by compression struts to clarify their effect on the
progressive collapse potential of an earthquake-resistant RC building.
Three-dimensional finite element models are constructed for the RC
building subjected to sudden column loss. Linear static analyses are
conducted to investigate the variation of demand-to-capacity ratio
(DCR) of beam-end moment and the axial force variation of the beams
adjacent to the removed column. Study results indicate that the
brick-infill effect depends on their location with respect to the
removed column. As they are filled in a structural bay with a shorter
span adjacent to the column-removed line, more significant reduction
of DCR may be achieved. However, under certain conditions, the
brick infill may increase the axial tension of the two-span beam
bridging the removed column.
Abstract: In recent years in Kazakhstan, as well as in all countries, we have been talking not only about the professional stress, but also professional Burnout Syndrome of employees. Burnout is essentially a response to chronic emotional stress – manifests itself in the form of chronic fatigue, despondency, unmotivated aggression, anger, and others. This condition is due to mental fatigue among teachers as a sort of payment for overstrain when professional commitments include the impact of “heat your soul", emotional investment. The emergence of professional Burnout among teachers is due to the system of interrelated and mutually reinforcing factors relating to the various levels of the personality: individually-psychological level is psychodynamic special subject characteristics of valuemotivational sphere and formation of skills and habits of selfregulation; the socio-psychological level includes especially the Organization and interpersonal interaction of a teacher. Signs of the Burnout were observed in 15 testees, and virtually a symptom could be observed in every teacher. As a result of the diagnosis 48% of teachers had the signs of stress (phase syndrome), resulting in a sense of anxiety, mood, heightened emotional susceptibility. The following results have also been got:-the fall of General energy potential – 14 pers. -Psychosomatic and psycho vegetative syndrome – 26 pers. -emotional deficit-34 pers. -emotional Burnout Syndrome-6 pers. The problem of professional Burnout of teachers in the current conditions should become not only meaningful, but particularly relevant. The quality of education of the younger generation depends on professional development; teachers- training level, and how “healthy" teachers are. That is why the systematic maintenance of pedagogic-professional development for teachers (including disclosure of professional Burnout Syndrome factors) takes on a special meaning.
Abstract: Conventional concentrically-braced frame (CBF)
systems have limited drift capacity before brace buckling and related
damage leads to deterioration in strength and stiffness. Self-centering
concentrically-braced frame (SC-CBF) systems have been developed
to increase drift capacity prior to initiation of damage and minimize
residual drift. SC-CBFs differ from conventional CBFs in that the
SC-CBF columns are designed to uplift from the foundation at a
specified level of lateral loading, initiating a rigid-body rotation
(rocking) of the frame. Vertically-aligned post-tensioning bars resist
uplift and provide a restoring force to return the SC-CBF columns to
the foundation (self-centering the system). This paper presents a
parametric study of different prototype buildings using SC-CBFs.
The bay widths of the SC-CBFs have been varied in these buildings
to study different geometries. Nonlinear numerical analyses of the
different SC-CBFs are presented to illustrate the effect of frame
geometry on the behavior and dynamic response of the SC-CBF
system.
Abstract: This paper suggests a new Affine Projection (AP) algorithm with variable data-reuse factor using the condition number as a decision factor. To reduce computational burden, we adopt a recently reported technique which estimates the condition number of an input data matrix. Several simulations show that the new algorithm has better performance than that of the conventional AP algorithm.
Abstract: Drought is natural and climate phenomenon and in fact server as a part of climate in an area and also it has significant environmental, social ,and economic consequences .drought differs from the other natural disasters from this viewpoint that it s a creeping phenomenon meaning that it progresses little and its difficult to determine the time of its onset and termination .most of the drought definitions are on based on precipitation shortage and consequently ,the shortage of water some of the activities related to the water such as agriculture In this research ,drought condition in Fars province was evacuated using SPI method within a 37 year – statistical –period(1974-2010)and maps related to the drought were prepared for each of the statistical period years. According to the results obtained from this research, the years 1974, 1976, 1975, 1982 with SPI (-1.03, 0.39, -1.05, -1.49) respectively, were the doughiest years and 1996,1997,2000 with SPI (2.49, 1.49, 1.46, 1.04) respectively, the most humid within the studying time series and the rest are in more normal conditions in the term of drought.
Abstract: Nowadays there is a growing interest in biofuel production in most countries because of the increasing concerns about hydrocarbon fuel shortage and global climate changes, also for enhancing agricultural economy and producing local needs for transportation fuel. Ethanol can be produced from biomass by the hydrolysis and sugar fermentation processes. In this study ethanol was produced without using expensive commercial enzymes from sugarcane bagasse. Alkali pretreatment was used to prepare biomass before enzymatic hydrolysis. The comparison between NaOH, KOH and Ca(OH)2 shows NaOH is more effective on bagasse. The required enzymes for biomass hydrolysis were produced from sugarcane solid state fermentation via two fungi: Trichoderma longibrachiatum and Aspergillus niger. The results show that the produced enzyme solution via A. niger has functioned better than T. longibrachiatum. Ethanol was produced by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) with crude enzyme solution from T. longibrachiatum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast. To evaluate this procedure, SSF of pretreated bagasse was also done using Celluclast 1.5L by Novozymes. The yield of ethanol production by commercial enzyme and produced enzyme solution via T. longibrachiatum was 81% and 50% respectively.
Abstract: Feature selection has recently been the subject of intensive research in data mining, specially for datasets with a large number of attributes. Recent work has shown that feature selection can have a positive effect on the performance of machine learning algorithms. The success of many learning algorithms in their attempts to construct models of data, hinges on the reliable identification of a small set of highly predictive attributes. The inclusion of irrelevant, redundant and noisy attributes in the model building process phase can result in poor predictive performance and increased computation. In this paper, a novel feature search procedure that utilizes the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) is presented. The ACO is a metaheuristic inspired by the behavior of real ants in their search for the shortest paths to food sources. It looks for optimal solutions by considering both local heuristics and previous knowledge. When applied to two different classification problems, the proposed algorithm achieved very promising results.
Abstract: Metal matrix composites (MMC) are generating
extensive interest in diverse fields like defense, aerospace, electronics
and automotive industries. In this present investigation, material
removal rate (MRR) modeling has been carried out using an
axisymmetric model of Al-SiC composite during electrical discharge
machining (EDM). A FEA model of single spark EDM was
developed to calculate the temperature distribution.Further, single
spark model was extended to simulate the second discharge. For
multi-discharge machining material removal was calculated by
calculating the number of pulses. Validation of model has been done
by comparing the experimental results obtained under the same
process parameters with the analytical results. A good agreement was
found between the experimental results and the theoretical value.
Abstract: This paper presents a new strategy of identification
and classification of pathological voices using the hybrid method
based on wavelet transform and neural networks. After speech
acquisition from a patient, the speech signal is analysed in order to
extract the acoustic parameters such as the pitch, the formants, Jitter,
and shimmer. Obtained results will be compared to those normal and
standard values thanks to a programmable database. Sounds are
collected from normal people and patients, and then classified into
two different categories. Speech data base is consists of several
pathological and normal voices collected from the national hospital
“Rabta-Tunis". Speech processing algorithm is conducted in a
supervised mode for discrimination of normal and pathology voices
and then for classification between neural and vocal pathologies
(Parkinson, Alzheimer, laryngeal, dyslexia...). Several simulation
results will be presented in function of the disease and will be
compared with the clinical diagnosis in order to have an objective
evaluation of the developed tool.
Abstract: The purpose of this work is to present a method for
rigid registration of medical images using 1D binary projections
when a part of one of the two images is missing. We use 1D binary
projections and we adjust the projection limits according to the
reduced image in order to perform accurate registration. We use the
variance of the weighted ratio as a registration function which we
have shown is able to register 2D and 3D images more accurately and
robustly than mutual information methods. The function is computed
explicitly for n=5 Chebyshev points in a [-9,+9] interval and it is
approximated using Chebyshev polynomials for all other points. The
images used are MR scans of the head. We find that the method is
able to register the two images with average accuracy 0.3degrees for
rotations and 0.2 pixels for translations for a y dimension of 156 with
initial dimension 256. For y dimension 128/256 the accuracy
decreases to 0.7 degrees for rotations and 0.6 pixels for translations.
Abstract: Segmentation, filtering out of measurement errors and
identification of breakpoints are integral parts of any analysis of
microarray data for the detection of copy number variation (CNV).
Existing algorithms designed for these tasks have had some successes
in the past, but they tend to be O(N2) in either computation time or
memory requirement, or both, and the rapid advance of microarray
resolution has practically rendered such algorithms useless. Here we
propose an algorithm, SAD, that is much faster and much less thirsty
for memory – O(N) in both computation time and memory requirement
-- and offers higher accuracy. The two key ingredients of SAD are the
fundamental assumption in statistics that measurement errors are
normally distributed and the mathematical relation that the product of
two Gaussians is another Gaussian (function). We have produced a
computer program for analyzing CNV based on SAD. In addition to
being fast and small it offers two important features: quantitative
statistics for predictions and, with only two user-decided parameters,
ease of use. Its speed shows little dependence on genomic profile.
Running on an average modern computer, it completes CNV analyses
for a 262 thousand-probe array in ~1 second and a 1.8 million-probe
array in 9 seconds