CAPWAP Status and Design Considerations for Seamless Roaming Support
Wireless LAN technologies have picked up
momentum in the recent years due to their ease of deployment, cost
and availability. The era of wireless LAN has also given rise to
unique applications like VOIP, IPTV and unified messaging.
However, these real-time applications are very sensitive to network
and handoff latencies. To successfully support these applications,
seamless roaming during the movement of mobile station has become
crucial. Nowadays, centralized architecture models support roaming
in WLANs. They have the ability to manage, control and
troubleshoot large scale WLAN deployments. This model is managed
by Control and Provision of Wireless Access Point protocol
(CAPWAP). This paper covers the CAPWAP architectural solution
along with its proposals that have emerged. Based on the literature
survey conducted in this paper, we found that the proposed
algorithms to reduce roaming latency in CAPWAP architecture do
not support seamless roaming. Additionally, they are not sufficient
during the initial period of the network. This paper also suggests
important design consideration for mobility support in future
centralized IEEE 802.11 networks.
[1] B. O-Hara al, P. Calhoun and PJ. Kempf, RFC 3990,"Configuration
and Provisioning for Wireless Access Points (CAPWAP), Problem
Statement", IETF, February 2005.
[2] W. A. Arunesh Mishra and Minho Shin, "An empirical analysis of the
ieee 802.11 mac layer handoff process," ACM SIGCOMM Computer
Communication Review, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 93-102, April 2003.
[3] M. Shin, A. Mishra and W. A. Arbaugh, "Improving the latency of
802.11 Hand-offs using Neighbor Graph," In Proceedings of the 2nd
international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and services,
pp. 70-83. ACM, New York, USA, 2004.
[4] L. Ravindranath, F. Prashanth, L. Prasath, P. Durairaj and A.
Siromoney: "Improving the Latency of 802.11 Handoffs using Sentinel
based Architecture," In Proceedings of HiPC 2005 (Posters), Goa, India,
December 2005.
[5] R. Khan, S. Aissa and C. Despins, "MAC layer handoff algorithm for
IEEE 802.11 wireless networks," Computers and Communications,
2009. ISCC 2009. IEEE Symposium on Advanced Communication
Technology, vol., no., pp.687-692, 5-8 July 2009
[6] C. Lee, S. Seo and J. Song, "An Indoor Tracking-based Handoff
Mechanism for VoIP Applications in IEEE 802.11
WLANs," Information and Automation for Sustainability, 2008. ICIAFS
2008. 4th International Conference on , vol., no., pp.324-329, 12-14
Dec. 2008
[7] V. M. Chintala and Qing-An Zeng, "Novel MAC Layer Handoff
Schemes for IEEE 802.11 Wireless LANs," Wireless Communications
and Networking Conference, 2007.WCNC 2007. IEEE, vol., no.,
pp.4435-4440, 11-15 March 2007.
[8] K. Kwon and C. Lee, "A fast handoff algorithm using intelligent channel
scan for IEEE 802.11 WLANs," Advanced Communication Technology,
2004. The 6th International Conference on Advanced Communication
Technology, vol.1, no., pp. 46- 50, 2004.
[9] H. Velayos and G. Karlsson, "Techniques to reduce the IEEE 802.11b
handoff time," Communications, 2004 IEEE International Conference
on Advanced Communication Technology, vol.7, no., pp. 3844- 3848
Vol.7, 20-24 June 2004.
[10] K. Ramachandran, S. Rangarajan and J.C. Lin, "Make-Before-Break
MAC Layer Handoff in 802.11 Wireless Networks," Communications,
2006. ICC '06. IEEE International Conference on, vol.10, no., pp.4818-
4823, June 2006.
[11] Q. Hong-yan, C. Bing and Q. Xiao-lin, "A Dual-Soft-Handoff Scheme
for Fast Seamless Roaming in WLAN," Networks Security Wireless
Communications and Trusted Computing (NSWCTC), 2010 Second
International Conference on , vol.2, no., pp.97-100, 24-25 April 2010
[12] V. Brik, A. Mishra and S. Banerjee, "Eliminating handoff latencies in
802.11 WLANs using Multiple Radios: Applications, Experience, and
Evaluation," In proceeding IMC '05 Proceedings of the 5th ACM
SIGCOMM conference on Internet Measurement, USA, 2005.
[13] A. Mishra, M. Shin and W.A. Arbaush, "Context caching using neighbor
graphs for fast handoffs in a wireless network," INFOCOM 2004.
Twenty-third AnnualJoint Conference of the IEEE Computer and
Communications Societies , vol.1, no., pp. 4 vol. (xxxv+2866), 7-11
March 2004.
[14] A. Mishra, M. Shin and N.L. Petroni, Arbaugh, "Proactive key
distribution using neighbor graphs," Wireless Communications, IEEE ,
vol.11, no.1, pp. 26- 36, Feb 2004.
[15] S. Pack and Y. Choi, "Fast handoff scheme based on mobility prediction
in public wireless LAN systems," Communications, IEE Proceedings- ,
vol.151, no.5, pp. 489- 495, 24 Oct. 2004.
[16] B. Sarikaya and Xiao Zheng, "CAPWAP Handover
Protocol," Communications, 2006. ICC '06. IEEE International
Conference on , vol.4, no., pp.1933-1938, June 2006.
[17] M. A. Amin, K. Abu Bakar, A. Abdullah and R. H. Khokhar, "Handover
Latency Measurement using Variant of Capwap Protocol" , Network
Protocols and Algorithms ISSN 1943-3581 , Vol. 3, No. 2, 2011.
[18] L. Yang, P. Zerfos and E. Sadot, RFC4118, "Architecture Taxonomy for
Control and Provisioning of Wireless Access Points (CAPWAP)", IETF,
June 2005.
[19] P. Calhoun, M. Montemurro and D. Stanley,RFC 5415, "Control And
Provisioning of Wireless Access Points (CAPWAP) Protocol
Specification", IETF, March 2009.
[20] M. Bernaschi, F. Cacace, G. Iannello, M. Vellucci and L. Vollero,
"OpenCAPWAP: an open-source CAPWAP implementation for
management and QoS support," Telecommunication Networking
Workshop on QoS in Multiservice IP Networks, 2008. IT-NEWS 2008.
4th International, vol., no., pp.72-77, 13-15 Feb. 2008.
[21] M. Bernaschi, F. Cacace, G. Iannello, M. Vellucci and L. Vollero,
"OpenCAPWAP: An open source CAPWAP implementation for the
management and configuration of WiFi hot-spots", presented at
Computer Networks, 2009, pp.217-230.
[22] Y. Bejeranoa and S.-J. Han, "Cell breathing techniques for balancing the
access point load in wireless LANs," in: Proceedings of Infocom, 2006.
[23] F. Cacace, G. Iannello, M. Vellucci and L. Vollero, "A reactive
approach to QoS Provisioning in IEEE 802.11e WLANs", in:
Proceedings of 4th EURO-NGI Conference on Next Generation Internet
Networks, Krakow, Poland, April 2008.
[24] M. Bernaschi, F. Cacace, A. Davoli, D. Guerri, M. Latini and L. Vollero,
"A CAPWAP-based solution for frequency planning in large scale
networks of WiFi Hot-Spots", Computer Communications, Volume 34,
Issue 11, 15 July 2011, Pages 1283-1293.
[25] A. Levanti, F. Giordano and I. Tinnirello, "A CAPWAP Architecture for
Automatic Frequency Planning in WLAN," Computers and
Communications, 2007. ISCC 2007. 12th IEEE Symposium on , vol.,
no., pp.MW-51-MW-56, 1-4 July 2007.
[26] A. Levanti, F. Giordano and I. Tinnirello, "A CAPWAP-Compliant
Solution for Radio Resource Management in Large-Scale 802.11
WLAN," Global Telecommunications Conference, 2007. GLOBECOM
'07. IEEE, vol., no., pp.3645-3650, 26-30 Nov. 2007.
[27] A. Mishra, S. Banerjee, and W. Arbaugh, "Using Partially Overlapped
Channels in Wireless Meshes", in IEEE Infocom, 2005.
[28] P. Calhoun, M. Montemurro and D. Stanley, RFC 5416 , "Control and
Provisioning of Wireless Access Points (CAPWAP) Protocol Binding
for IEEE 802.11" , 2009.
[1] B. O-Hara al, P. Calhoun and PJ. Kempf, RFC 3990,"Configuration
and Provisioning for Wireless Access Points (CAPWAP), Problem
Statement", IETF, February 2005.
[2] W. A. Arunesh Mishra and Minho Shin, "An empirical analysis of the
ieee 802.11 mac layer handoff process," ACM SIGCOMM Computer
Communication Review, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 93-102, April 2003.
[3] M. Shin, A. Mishra and W. A. Arbaugh, "Improving the latency of
802.11 Hand-offs using Neighbor Graph," In Proceedings of the 2nd
international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and services,
pp. 70-83. ACM, New York, USA, 2004.
[4] L. Ravindranath, F. Prashanth, L. Prasath, P. Durairaj and A.
Siromoney: "Improving the Latency of 802.11 Handoffs using Sentinel
based Architecture," In Proceedings of HiPC 2005 (Posters), Goa, India,
December 2005.
[5] R. Khan, S. Aissa and C. Despins, "MAC layer handoff algorithm for
IEEE 802.11 wireless networks," Computers and Communications,
2009. ISCC 2009. IEEE Symposium on Advanced Communication
Technology, vol., no., pp.687-692, 5-8 July 2009
[6] C. Lee, S. Seo and J. Song, "An Indoor Tracking-based Handoff
Mechanism for VoIP Applications in IEEE 802.11
WLANs," Information and Automation for Sustainability, 2008. ICIAFS
2008. 4th International Conference on , vol., no., pp.324-329, 12-14
Dec. 2008
[7] V. M. Chintala and Qing-An Zeng, "Novel MAC Layer Handoff
Schemes for IEEE 802.11 Wireless LANs," Wireless Communications
and Networking Conference, 2007.WCNC 2007. IEEE, vol., no.,
pp.4435-4440, 11-15 March 2007.
[8] K. Kwon and C. Lee, "A fast handoff algorithm using intelligent channel
scan for IEEE 802.11 WLANs," Advanced Communication Technology,
2004. The 6th International Conference on Advanced Communication
Technology, vol.1, no., pp. 46- 50, 2004.
[9] H. Velayos and G. Karlsson, "Techniques to reduce the IEEE 802.11b
handoff time," Communications, 2004 IEEE International Conference
on Advanced Communication Technology, vol.7, no., pp. 3844- 3848
Vol.7, 20-24 June 2004.
[10] K. Ramachandran, S. Rangarajan and J.C. Lin, "Make-Before-Break
MAC Layer Handoff in 802.11 Wireless Networks," Communications,
2006. ICC '06. IEEE International Conference on, vol.10, no., pp.4818-
4823, June 2006.
[11] Q. Hong-yan, C. Bing and Q. Xiao-lin, "A Dual-Soft-Handoff Scheme
for Fast Seamless Roaming in WLAN," Networks Security Wireless
Communications and Trusted Computing (NSWCTC), 2010 Second
International Conference on , vol.2, no., pp.97-100, 24-25 April 2010
[12] V. Brik, A. Mishra and S. Banerjee, "Eliminating handoff latencies in
802.11 WLANs using Multiple Radios: Applications, Experience, and
Evaluation," In proceeding IMC '05 Proceedings of the 5th ACM
SIGCOMM conference on Internet Measurement, USA, 2005.
[13] A. Mishra, M. Shin and W.A. Arbaush, "Context caching using neighbor
graphs for fast handoffs in a wireless network," INFOCOM 2004.
Twenty-third AnnualJoint Conference of the IEEE Computer and
Communications Societies , vol.1, no., pp. 4 vol. (xxxv+2866), 7-11
March 2004.
[14] A. Mishra, M. Shin and N.L. Petroni, Arbaugh, "Proactive key
distribution using neighbor graphs," Wireless Communications, IEEE ,
vol.11, no.1, pp. 26- 36, Feb 2004.
[15] S. Pack and Y. Choi, "Fast handoff scheme based on mobility prediction
in public wireless LAN systems," Communications, IEE Proceedings- ,
vol.151, no.5, pp. 489- 495, 24 Oct. 2004.
[16] B. Sarikaya and Xiao Zheng, "CAPWAP Handover
Protocol," Communications, 2006. ICC '06. IEEE International
Conference on , vol.4, no., pp.1933-1938, June 2006.
[17] M. A. Amin, K. Abu Bakar, A. Abdullah and R. H. Khokhar, "Handover
Latency Measurement using Variant of Capwap Protocol" , Network
Protocols and Algorithms ISSN 1943-3581 , Vol. 3, No. 2, 2011.
[18] L. Yang, P. Zerfos and E. Sadot, RFC4118, "Architecture Taxonomy for
Control and Provisioning of Wireless Access Points (CAPWAP)", IETF,
June 2005.
[19] P. Calhoun, M. Montemurro and D. Stanley,RFC 5415, "Control And
Provisioning of Wireless Access Points (CAPWAP) Protocol
Specification", IETF, March 2009.
[20] M. Bernaschi, F. Cacace, G. Iannello, M. Vellucci and L. Vollero,
"OpenCAPWAP: an open-source CAPWAP implementation for
management and QoS support," Telecommunication Networking
Workshop on QoS in Multiservice IP Networks, 2008. IT-NEWS 2008.
4th International, vol., no., pp.72-77, 13-15 Feb. 2008.
[21] M. Bernaschi, F. Cacace, G. Iannello, M. Vellucci and L. Vollero,
"OpenCAPWAP: An open source CAPWAP implementation for the
management and configuration of WiFi hot-spots", presented at
Computer Networks, 2009, pp.217-230.
[22] Y. Bejeranoa and S.-J. Han, "Cell breathing techniques for balancing the
access point load in wireless LANs," in: Proceedings of Infocom, 2006.
[23] F. Cacace, G. Iannello, M. Vellucci and L. Vollero, "A reactive
approach to QoS Provisioning in IEEE 802.11e WLANs", in:
Proceedings of 4th EURO-NGI Conference on Next Generation Internet
Networks, Krakow, Poland, April 2008.
[24] M. Bernaschi, F. Cacace, A. Davoli, D. Guerri, M. Latini and L. Vollero,
"A CAPWAP-based solution for frequency planning in large scale
networks of WiFi Hot-Spots", Computer Communications, Volume 34,
Issue 11, 15 July 2011, Pages 1283-1293.
[25] A. Levanti, F. Giordano and I. Tinnirello, "A CAPWAP Architecture for
Automatic Frequency Planning in WLAN," Computers and
Communications, 2007. ISCC 2007. 12th IEEE Symposium on , vol.,
no., pp.MW-51-MW-56, 1-4 July 2007.
[26] A. Levanti, F. Giordano and I. Tinnirello, "A CAPWAP-Compliant
Solution for Radio Resource Management in Large-Scale 802.11
WLAN," Global Telecommunications Conference, 2007. GLOBECOM
'07. IEEE, vol., no., pp.3645-3650, 26-30 Nov. 2007.
[27] A. Mishra, S. Banerjee, and W. Arbaugh, "Using Partially Overlapped
Channels in Wireless Meshes", in IEEE Infocom, 2005.
[28] P. Calhoun, M. Montemurro and D. Stanley, RFC 5416 , "Control and
Provisioning of Wireless Access Points (CAPWAP) Protocol Binding
for IEEE 802.11" , 2009.
@article{"International Journal of Electrical, Electronic and Communication Sciences:63288", author = "M. Balfaqih and S. Haseeb and M. H. Mazlan and S. N. Hasnan and O. Mahmoud and A. Hashim", title = "CAPWAP Status and Design Considerations for Seamless Roaming Support", abstract = "Wireless LAN technologies have picked up
momentum in the recent years due to their ease of deployment, cost
and availability. The era of wireless LAN has also given rise to
unique applications like VOIP, IPTV and unified messaging.
However, these real-time applications are very sensitive to network
and handoff latencies. To successfully support these applications,
seamless roaming during the movement of mobile station has become
crucial. Nowadays, centralized architecture models support roaming
in WLANs. They have the ability to manage, control and
troubleshoot large scale WLAN deployments. This model is managed
by Control and Provision of Wireless Access Point protocol
(CAPWAP). This paper covers the CAPWAP architectural solution
along with its proposals that have emerged. Based on the literature
survey conducted in this paper, we found that the proposed
algorithms to reduce roaming latency in CAPWAP architecture do
not support seamless roaming. Additionally, they are not sufficient
during the initial period of the network. This paper also suggests
important design consideration for mobility support in future
centralized IEEE 802.11 networks.", keywords = "802.11, centralized Architecture, CAPWAP,
Roaming.", volume = "6", number = "8", pages = "887-7", }
