Abstract: Through this paper we present a method for automatic
generation of ontological model from any data source using Model
Driven Architecture (MDA), this generation is dedicated to the
cooperation of the knowledge engineering and software engineering.
Indeed, reverse engineering of a data source generates a software
model (schema of data) that will undergo transformations to generate
the ontological model. This method uses the meta-models to validate
software and ontological models.
Abstract: Due to the large amount of information in the World
Wide Web (WWW, web) and the lengthy and usually linearly
ordered result lists of web search engines that do not indicate
semantic relationships between their entries, the search for topically
similar and related documents can become a tedious task. Especially,
the process of formulating queries with proper terms representing
specific information needs requires much effort from the user. This
problem gets even bigger when the user's knowledge on a subject and
its technical terms is not sufficient enough to do so. This article
presents the new and interactive search application DocAnalyser that
addresses this problem by enabling users to find similar and related
web documents based on automatic query formulation and state-ofthe-
art search word extraction. Additionally, this tool can be used to
track topics across semantically connected web documents.
Abstract: The world wide web network is a network with a
complex topology, the main properties of which are the distribution
of degrees in power law, A low clustering coefficient and a weak
average distance. Modeling the web as a graph allows locating the
information in little time and consequently offering a help in the
construction of the research engine. Here, we present a model based
on the already existing probabilistic graphs with all the aforesaid
characteristics. This work will consist in studying the web in order to
know its structuring thus it will enable us to modelize it more easily
and propose a possible algorithm for its exploration.
Abstract: This paper considers the characterization of a complex
electromagnetic environment due to multiple sources of
electromagnetic radiation as a five-dimensional surface which can be
described by a set of several surface sections including: instant EM
field intensity distribution maps at a given frequency and altitude,
instantaneous spectrum at a given location in space and the time
evolution of the electromagnetic field spectrum at a given point in
space. This characterization if done over time can enable the
exposure levels of Radio Frequency Radiation at every point in the
analysis area to be determined and results interpreted based on
comparison of the determined RFR exposure level with the safe
guidelines for general public exposure given by recognized body
such as the International commission on non-ionizing radiation
protection (ICNIRP), Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers
(IEEE), the National Radiation Protection Authority (NRPA).
Abstract: Characterization of the engineering behavior of
unsaturated soil is dependent on the soil-water characteristic curve
(SWCC), a graphical representation of the relationship between water
content or degree of saturation and soil suction. A reasonable
description of the SWCC is thus important for the accurate prediction
of unsaturated soil parameters. The measurement procedures for
determining the SWCC, however, are difficult, expensive, and timeconsuming.
During the past few decades, researchers have laid a
major focus on developing empirical equations for predicting the
SWCC, with a large number of empirical models suggested. One of
the most crucial questions is how precisely existing equations can
represent the SWCC. As different models have different ranges of
capability, it is essential to evaluate the precision of the SWCC
models used for each particular soil type for better SWCC estimation.
It is expected that better estimation of SWCC would be achieved via
a thorough statistical analysis of its distribution within a particular
soil class. With this in view, a statistical analysis was conducted in
order to evaluate the reliability of the SWCC prediction models
against laboratory measurement. Optimization techniques were used
to obtain the best-fit of the model parameters in four forms of SWCC
equation, using laboratory data for relatively coarse-textured (i.e.,
sandy) soil. The four most prominent SWCCs were evaluated and
computed for each sample. The result shows that the Brooks and
Corey model is the most consistent in describing the SWCC for sand
soil type. The Brooks and Corey model prediction also exhibit
compatibility with samples ranging from low to high soil water
content in which subjected to the samples that evaluated in this study.
Abstract: WiMAX is a telecommunications technology and it is
specified by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.,
as the IEEE 802.16 standard. The goal of this technology is to
provide a wireless data over long distances in a variety of ways. IEEE
802.16 is a recent standard for mobile communication. In this paper,
we provide an overview of various key management algorithms to
provide security for WiMAX.
Abstract: The organizations of European and Czech critical
infrastructure have specific position, mission, characteristics and
behaviour in European Union and Czech state/business environments,
regarding specific requirements for regional and global security
environments. They must respect policy of national security and
global rules, requirements and standards in all their inherent and
outer processes of supply - customer chains and networks. A
controlling is generalized capability to have control over situational
policy. This paper aims and purposes are to introduce the controlling
as quite new necessary process attribute providing for critical
infrastructure is environment the capability and profit to achieve its
commitment regarding to the effectiveness of the quality
management system in meeting customer/ user requirements and also
the continual improvement of critical infrastructure organization’s
processes overall performance and efficiency, as well as its societal
security via continual planning improvement via DYVELOP
modelling.
Abstract: In the present work, the effect of load and sliding
distance on the performance tribology of commercially used
aluminium-silicon engine block and piston was evaluated at ambient
conditions with humidity of 80% under dry sliding conditions using a
pin-on-disc with two different loads of 5N and 20N yielding applied
pressure of 0.30MPa and 1.4MPa, respectively, at sliding velocity of
0.29ms-1 and with varying sliding distance ranging from 260m-
4200m. Factors and conditions that had significant effect were
identified. The results showed that the load and the sliding distance
affect the wear rate of the alloys and the wear rate increased with
increasing load for both the alloys. Wear rate also increases almost
linearly at low loads and increase to a maximum then attain a plateau
with increasing sliding distance. For both applied loads the piston
alloy showed the better performance due to higher Ni and Mg
content. The worn surface and wear debris was characterized by
optical microscope, SEM and EDX analyzer. The worn surface was
characterized by surface with shallow grooves at loads while the
groove width and depth increased as the loads increases. Oxidative
wear was found to be the predominant mechanisms in the dry sliding
of Al-Si alloys at low loads.
Abstract: To mimic the natural circumstances of cell growth in an organism, we present three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds fabricated by microfluidics for cultivation. This work investigates the cellular behaviors of rat cardiomyocytes in gelatin 3D scaffolds compared to those on 2D control, such as proliferation, viability and morphology. We found that the scaffolds may induce skeletal differentiation of H9c2 cells.
Abstract: Mass flow measurement is the basis of most technoeconomic
formulations in the chemical industry. This calls for
reliable and accurate detection of mass flow. Flow measurement
laboratory experiments were conducted using various instruments.
These consisted of orifice plates, various sized rotameters, wet gas
meter and soap bubble meter. This work was aimed at evaluating
appropriate operating conditions and accuracy of the aforementioned
devices. The experimental data collected were compared to
theoretical predictions from Bernoulli’s equation and calibration
curves supplied by the instrument’s manufacturers. The results
obtained showed that rotameters were more reliable for measuring
high and low flow rates; while soap-bubble meters and wet-gas
meters were found to be suitable for measuring low flow rates. The
laboratory procedures and findings of the actual work can assist
engineering students and professionals in conducting their flow
measurement laboratory test work.
Abstract: An anthropometric study applied to 1,115 students of
the Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Engineering of the
Autonomous University of California. Thirteen individual
measurements were taken in a sitting position. The results obtained
allow forming a reliable anthropometric database for statistical
studies and analysis and inferences of specific distributions, so the
opinion of experts in occupational medicine recommendations may
emit to reduce risks resulting in an alteration of the vital signs during
the execution of their school activities. Another use of these analyses
is to use them as a reliable reference for future deeper research, to the
design of spaces, tools, utensils, workstations, with anthropometric
dimensions and ergonomic characteristics suitable to use.
Abstract: In order to efficiently solve the problems created by the deepening energy crisis affecting Europe and the world,
governments cannot neglect the opportunities of using the energy
produced by sun collectors. In many of the EU countries there are sun
collectors producing heat energy, e.g. in 2011 in the area of EU27
(countries which belong to European Union) + Switzerland altogether
37519126 m2 were operated, which are capable of producing 26.3
GWh heat energy. The energy produced by these sun collectors is
utilized at the place of production. In the near future governments
will have to focus more on spreading and using sun collectors.
Among the complex problems of operating sun collectors, this article
deals with determining the optimal tilt angle, directions of sun
collectors. We evaluate the contamination of glass surface of sun
collector to the produced energy. Our theoretically results are confirmed by laboratory measurements. The purpose of our work is to help users and engineers in determination of optimal operation
parameters of sun collectors.
Abstract: This paper deals with the issue of biomass and sorted
municipal waste gasification and cogeneration using hot-air turbo-set.
It brings description of designed pilot plant with electrical output 80
kWe. The generated gas is burned in secondary combustion chamber
located beyond the gas generator. Flue gas flows through the heat
exchanger where the compressed air is heated and consequently
brought to a micro turbine. Except description, this paper brings our
basic experiences from operating of pilot plant (operating parameters,
contributions, problems during operating, etc.). The principal
advantage of the given cycle is the fact that there is no contact
between the generated gas and the turbine. So there is no need for
costly and complicated gas cleaning which is the main source of
operating problems in direct use in combustion engines because the
content of impurities in the gas causes operation problems to the units
due to clogging and tarring of working surfaces of engines and
turbines, which may lead as far as serious damage to the equipment
under operation. Another merit is the compact container package
making installation of the facility easier or making it relatively more
mobile. We imagine, this solution of cogeneration from biomass or
waste can be suitable for small industrial or communal applications,
for low output cogeneration.
Abstract: In this research work, neural networks were applied to
classify two types of hip joint implants based on the relative hip joint
implant side speed and three components of each ground reaction
force. The condition of walking gait at normal velocity was used and
carried out with each of the two hip joint implants assessed. Ground
reaction forces’ kinetic temporal changes were considered in the first
approach followed but discarded in the second one. Ground reaction
force components were obtained from eighteen patients under such
gait condition, half of which had a hip implant type I-II, whilst the
other half had the hip implant, defined as type III by Orthoload®.
After pre-processing raw gait kinetic data and selecting the time
frames needed for the analysis, the ground reaction force components
were used to train a MLP neural network, which learnt to distinguish
the two hip joint implants in the abovementioned condition. Further
to training, unknown hip implant side and ground reaction force
components were presented to the neural networks, which assigned
those features into the right class with a reasonably high accuracy for
the hip implant type I-II and the type III. The results suggest that
neural networks could be successfully applied in the performance
assessment of hip joint implants.
Abstract: The generalized wave equation models various
problems in sciences and engineering. In this paper, a new three-time
level implicit approach based on cubic trigonometric B-spline for the
approximate solution of wave equation is developed. The usual finite
difference approach is used to discretize the time derivative while
cubic trigonometric B-spline is applied as an interpolating function in
the space dimension. Von Neumann stability analysis is used to
analyze the proposed method. Two problems are discussed to exhibit
the feasibility and capability of the method. The absolute errors and
maximum error are computed to assess the performance of the
proposed method. The results were found to be in good agreement
with known solutions and with existing schemes in literature.
Abstract: One of the major goals of Spoken Dialog Systems
(SDS) is to understand what the user utters.
In the SDS domain, the Spoken Language Understanding (SLU)
Module classifies user utterances by means of a pre-definite
conceptual knowledge. The SLU module is able to recognize only the
meaning previously included in its knowledge base. Due the vastity
of that knowledge, the information storing is a very expensive
process.
Updating and managing the knowledge base are time-consuming
and error-prone processes because of the rapidly growing number of
entities like proper nouns and domain-specific nouns. This paper
proposes a solution to the problem of Name Entity Recognition
(NER) applied to a SDS domain. The proposed solution attempts to
automatically recognize the meaning associated with an utterance by
using the PANKOW (Pattern based Annotation through Knowledge
On the Web) method at runtime.
The method being proposed extracts information from the Web to
increase the SLU knowledge module and reduces the development
effort. In particular, the Google Search Engine is used to extract
information from the Facebook social network.
Abstract: Web search engines are designed to retrieve and
extract the information in the web databases and to return dynamic
web pages. The Semantic Web is an extension of the current web in
which it includes semantic content in web pages. The main goal of
semantic web is to promote the quality of the current web by
changing its contents into machine understandable form. Therefore,
the milestone of semantic web is to have semantic level information
in the web. Nowadays, people use different keyword- based search
engines to find the relevant information they need from the web.
But many of the words are polysemous. When these words are
used to query a search engine, it displays the Search Result Records
(SRRs) with different meanings. The SRRs with similar meanings are
grouped together based on Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD). In
addition to that semantic annotation is also performed to improve the
efficiency of search result records. Semantic Annotation is the
process of adding the semantic metadata to web resources. Thus the
grouped SRRs are annotated and generate a summary which
describes the information in SRRs. But the automatic semantic
annotation is a significant challenge in the semantic web. Here
ontology and knowledge based representation are used to annotate
the web pages.
Abstract: Because of high thermal efficiency and low CO2
emission, diesel engines are being used widely in many industrial
fields although it makes many PM and NOx which give both human
health and environment a negative effect. NOx regulations for diesel
engines, however, are being strengthened and it is impossible to meet
the emission standard without NOx reduction devices such as SCR
(Selective Catalytic Reduction), LNC (Lean NOx Catalyst), and LNT
(Lean NOx Trap). Among the NOx reduction devices, urea-SCR
system is known as the most stable and efficient method to solve the
problem of NOx emission. But this device has some issues associated
with the ammonia slip phenomenon which is occurred by shortage of
evaporation and thermolysis time, and that makes it difficult to achieve
uniform distribution of the injected urea in front of monolith.
Therefore, this study has focused on the mixing enhancement between
urea and exhaust gases to enhance the efficiency of the SCR catalyst
equipped in catalytic muffler by changing inlet gas temperature and
spray conditions to improve the spray uniformity of the urea water
solution. Finally, it can be found that various parameters such as inlet
gas temperature and injector and injection angles significantly affect
the evaporation and mixing of the urea water solution with exhaust
gases, and therefore, optimization of these parameters are required.
Abstract: Turbulent flow in complex geometries receives considerable attention due to its importance in many engineering applications. It has been the subject of interest for many researchers. Some of these interests include the design of storm water channels. The design of these channels requires testing through physical models. The main practical limitation of physical models is the so called “scale effect”, that is, the fact that in many cases only primary physical mechanisms can be correctly represented, while secondary mechanisms are often distorted. These observations form the basis of our study, which centered on problems associated with the design of storm water channels near the Dead Sea, in Israel. To help reach a final design decision we used different physical models. Our research showed good coincidence with the results of laboratory tests and theoretical calculations, and allowed us to study different effects of fluid flow in an open channel. We determined that problems of this nature cannot be solved only by means of theoretical calculation and computer simulation. This study demonstrates the use of physical models to help resolve very complicated problems of fluid flow through baffles and similar structures. The study applies these models and observations to different construction and multiphase water flows, among them, those that include sand and stone particles, a significant attempt to bring to the testing laboratory a closer association with reality.
Abstract: The applicability of Net Present Value (NPV) in an
investment project is becoming more and more popular in the field
of engineering economics. The classical NPV methodology involves
only the precise and accurate data of the investment project. In the
present communication, we give a new mathematical model for NPV
which uses the concept of intuitionistic fuzzy set theory. The proposed
model is based on triangular intuitionistic fuzzy number, which may
be known as Intuitionistic Fuzzy Net Present Value (IFNPV). The
model has been applied to an example and the results are presented.