Abstract: Network reconfiguration in distribution system is realized by changing the status of sectionalizing switches to reduce the power loss in the system. This paper presents a new method which applies an artificial bee colony algorithm (ABC) for determining the sectionalizing switch to be operated in order to solve the distribution system loss minimization problem. The ABC algorithm is a new population based metaheuristic approach inspired by intelligent foraging behavior of honeybee swarm. The advantage of ABC algorithm is that it does not require external parameters such as cross over rate and mutation rate as in case of genetic algorithm and differential evolution and it is hard to determine these parameters in prior. The other advantage is that the global search ability in the algorithm is implemented by introducing neighborhood source production mechanism which is a similar to mutation process. To demonstrate the validity of the proposed algorithm, computer simulations are carried out on 14, 33, and 119-bus systems and compared with different approaches available in the literature. The proposed method has outperformed the other methods in terms of the quality of solution and computational efficiency.
Abstract: We aimed to investigate how can target and optimize
pulmonary delivery distribution by changing physicochemical
characteristics of instilled liquid.Therefore, we created a new liquids
group:
a. eligible for desired distribution within lung because of
assorted physicochemical characteristics
b. capable of being augmented with a broad range of
chemicals inertly
c. no interference on respiratory function
d. compatible with airway surface liquid
We developed forty types of new liquid,were composed of
Carboxymethylcellulose sodium,Glycerin and different types of
Polysorbates.Viscosity was measured using a Programmable
Rheometer and surface tension by KRUSS Tensiometer.We
subsequently examined the liquids and delivery protocols by simple
and branched glass capillary tube models of airways.Eventually,we
explored pulmonary distribution of liquids being augmented with
technetium-99m in mechanically ventilated rabbits.We used a single
head large field of view gamma camera.Kinematic viscosity between
0.265Stokes and 0.289Stokes,density between 1g/cm3 and 1.5g/cm3
and surface tension between 25dyn/cm and 35dyn/cm were the most
acceptable.
Abstract: In the past few years there is a change in the view of high performance applications and parallel computing. Initially such applications were targeted towards dedicated parallel machines. Recently trend is changing towards building meta-applications composed of several modules that exploit heterogeneous platforms and employ hybrid forms of parallelism. The aim of this paper is to propose a model of virtual parallel computing. Virtual parallel computing system provides a flexible object oriented software framework that makes it easy for programmers to write various parallel applications.
Abstract: In this study, rotating flexible shaft-disk system
having flexible beams is considered as a dynamic system. After
neglecting nonlinear terms, torsional vibration of the shaft-disk
system and lateral and longitudinal vibration of the flexible beam are
still coupled through the motor speed. The system has three natural
frequencies; the flexible shaft-disk system torsional natural
frequency, the flexible beam lateral and longitudinal natural
frequencies. Eigenvalue calculations show that while the shaft speed
changes, torsional natural frequency of the shaft-disk system and the
beam longitudinal natural frequency are not changing but the beam
lateral natural frequency changes. Beam lateral natural frequency
stays the same as the nonrotating beam lateral natural frequency ωb
until the motor speed ωm is equal to ωb. After then ωb increases and
remains equal to the motor speed ωm until the motor speed is equal to
the shaft-disk system natural frequency ωT. Then the beam lateral
natural frequency ωb becomes equal to the natural frequency ωT and
stays same while the motor speed ωm is increased. Modal amplitudes
and phase angles of the vibrations are also plotted against the motor
speed ωm.
Abstract: Chronic diseases prevailed along with economic
growth as well as life style changed in recent years in Taiwan.
According to the governmental statistics, hypertension related disease
is the tenth of death causes with 1,816 died directly from hypertension
in 2010. There were more death causes amongst the top ten had been
proofed that having strong association with the hypertension, such as
heart diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes. Hypertension or
High blood pressure is one of the major indicators for chronic diseases,
and was generally perceived as the major causes of mortality. The
literature generally suggested that regular physical exercise was
helpful to prevent the occurrence or to ease the progress of a
hypertension. This paper reported the process and outcomes in
detailed of an improvement project of physical exercise intervention
specific for hypertension patients. Physical information were
measured before and after the project to obtain information such as
weight, waistline, cholesterol (HD & LD), blood examination, as well
as self-perceived health status. The intervention project involved a
six-week exercise program, of which contained three times a week, 30
minutes of tutored physical exercise intervention. The project had
achieved several gains in changing the subjects- behavior in terms of
many important biophysical indexes. Around 20% of the participants
had significantly improved their cholesterols, BMI, and changed
unhealthy behaviors. Results from the project were encouraging, and
would be good reference for other samples.
Abstract: The aim of the work was to attenuate the vibration amplitude in CESNA 172 airplane wing by using Functionally Graded Material instead of uniform or composite material. Wing strength was achieved by means of stress analysis study, while wing vibration amplitudes and shapes were achieved by means of Modal and Harmonic analysis. Results were verified by applying the methodology in a simple cantilever plate to the simple model and the results were promising and the same methodology can be applied to the airplane wing model. Aluminum models, Titanium models, and functionally graded materials of Aluminum and titanium results were compared to show a great vibration attenuation after using the FGM. Optimization in FGM gradation satisfied our objective of reducing and attenuating the vibration amplitudes to show the effect of using FGM in vibration behavior. Testing the Aluminum rich models, and comparing it with the titanium rich model was an optimization in this paper. Results have shown a significant attenuation in vibration magnitudes when using FGM instead of Titanium Plate, and Aluminium wing with FGM Spurs instead of Aluminium wings. It was also recommended that in future, changing the graphical scale to 1:10 or even 1:1 when the computers- capabilities allow.
Abstract: This paper proposes the stochastic tabu search (STS)
for improving the measurement scheme for power system state
estimation. If the original measured scheme is not observable, the
additional measurements with minimum number of measurements are
added into the system by STS so that there is no critical measurement
pair. The random bit flipping and bit exchanging perturbations are
used for generating the neighborhood solutions in STS. The Pδ
observable concept is used to determine the network observability.
Test results of 10 bus, IEEE 14 and 30 bus systems are shown that
STS can improve the original measured scheme to be observable
without critical measurement pair. Moreover, the results of STS are
superior to deterministic tabu search (DTS) in terms of the best
solution hit.
Abstract: Ad hoc networks are characterized by multi-hop
wireless connectivity and frequently changing network topology.
Forming security association among a group of nodes in ad-hoc
networks is more challenging than in conventional networks due to the
lack of central authority, i.e. fixed infrastructure. With that view in
mind, group key management plays an important building block of
any secure group communication. The main contribution of this paper
is a low complexity key management scheme that is suitable for fully
self-organized ad-hoc networks. The protocol is also password
authenticated, making it resilient against active attacks. Unlike other
existing key agreement protocols, ours make no assumption about the
structure of the underlying wireless network, making it suitable for
“truly ad-hoc" networks. Finally, we will analyze our protocol to show
the computation and communication burden on individual nodes for
key establishment.
Abstract: This paper introduces a technique of distortion
estimation in image watermarking using Genetic Programming (GP).
The distortion is estimated by considering the problem of obtaining a
distorted watermarked signal from the original watermarked signal as
a function regression problem. This function regression problem is
solved using GP, where the original watermarked signal is
considered as an independent variable. GP-based distortion
estimation scheme is checked for Gaussian attack and Jpeg
compression attack. We have used Gaussian attacks of different
strengths by changing the standard deviation. JPEG compression
attack is also varied by adding various distortions. Experimental
results demonstrate that the proposed technique is able to detect the
watermark even in the case of strong distortions and is more robust
against attacks.
Abstract: The concept of flexible manufacturing is highly
appealing in gaining a competitive edge in the market by quickly
adapting to the changing customer needs. Scheduling jobs on flexible
manufacturing systems (FMSs) is a challenging task of managing the
available flexibility on the shop floor to react to the dynamics of the
environment in real-time. In this paper, an agent-oriented scheduling
framework that can be integrated with a real or a simulated FMS is
proposed. This framework works in stochastic environments with a
dynamic model of job arrival. It supports a hierarchical cooperative
scheduling that builds on the available flexibility of the shop floor.
Testing the framework on a model of a real FMS showed the
capability of the proposed approach to overcome the drawbacks of
the conventional approaches and maintain a near optimal solution
despite the dynamics of the operational environment.
Abstract: This paper considers the influence of promotion
instruments for renewable energy sources (RES) on a multi-energy
modeling framework. In Europe, so called Feed-in Tariffs are
successfully used as incentive structures to increase the amount of
energy produced by RES. Because of the stochastic nature of large
scale integration of distributed generation, many problems have
occurred regarding the quality and stability of supply. Hence, a
macroscopic model was developed in order to optimize the power
supply of the local energy infrastructure, which includes electricity,
natural gas, fuel oil and district heating as energy carriers. Unique
features of the model are the integration of RES and the adoption of
Feed-in Tariffs into one optimization stage. Sensitivity studies are
carried out to examine the system behavior under changing profits
for the feed-in of RES. With a setup of three energy exchanging
regions and a multi-period optimization, the impact of costs and
profits are determined.
Abstract: In parallel, broadcasting has changed rapidly with the
changing of the world at the same area. Broadcasting is also
influenced and reshaped in terms of the emergence of new
communication technologies. These developments have resulted a lot
of economic and social consequences. The most important
consequences of these results are those of the powers of the
governments to control over the means of communication and control
mechanisms related to the descriptions of the new issues. For this
purpose, autonomous and independent regulatory bodies have been
established by the state. One of these regulatory bodies is the Radio
and Television Supreme Council, which to be established in 1994,
with the Code no 3984. Today’s Radio and Television Supreme
Council which is responsible for the regulation of the radio and
television broadcasts all across Turkey has an important and effective
position as autonomous and independent regulatory body. The Radio
and Television Supreme Council acts as being a remarkable organizer
for a sensitive area of radio and television broadcasting on one hand,
and the area of democratic, liberal and keep in mind the concept of
the public interest by putting certain principles for the functioning of
the Board control, in the context of media policy as one of the central
organs, on the other hand.
In this study, the role of the Radio and Television Supreme
Council is examined in accordance with the Code no 3894 in order to
control over the communication and control mechanisms as well as
the examination of the changes in the duties of the Code No. 6112,
dated 2011.
Abstract: Modern information and communication technologies
offer a variety of support options for the efficient handling of
customer relationships. CRM systems have been developed, which
are designed to support the processes in the areas of marketing, sales
and service. Along with technological progress, CRM systems are
constantly changing, i.e. the systems are continually enhanced by
new functions. However, not all functions are suitable for every
company because of different frameworks and business processes. In
this context the question arises whether or not CRM systems are
widely used in Austrian companies and which business processes are
most frequently supported by CRM systems. This paper aims to shed
light on the popularity of CRM systems in Austrian companies in
general and the use of different functions to support their daily
business. First of all, the paper provides a theoretical overview of the
structure of modern CRM systems and proposes a categorization of
currently available software functionality for collaborative,
operational and analytical CRM processes, which provides the
theoretical background for the empirical study. Apart from these
theoretical considerations, the paper presents the empirical results of
a field survey on the use of CRM systems in Austrian companies and
analyzes its findings.
Abstract: Recently, several designs of single fed circularly
polarized microstrip antennas have been studied. Relatively, a few
designs for achieving circular polarization using triangular microstrip
antenna are available. Typically existing design of single fed
circularly polarized triangular microstrip antennas include the use of
equilateral triangular patch with a slit or a horizontal slot on the patch
or addition a narrow band stub on the edge or a vertex of triangular
patch.
In other word, with using a narrow band tune stub on middle of an
edge of triangle causes of facility to compensate the possible
fabrication error and substrate materials with easier adjusting the
tuner stub length. Even though disadvantages of this method is very
long of stub (approximate 1/3 length of triangle edge). In this paper,
instead of narrow band stub, a wide band stub has been applied,
therefore the length of stub by this method has been decreased
around 1/10 edge of triangle in addition changing the aperture angle
of stub, provides more facility for designing and producing circular
polarization wave.
Abstract: Faced with social and health system capacity
constraints and rising and changing demand for welfare services,
governments and welfare providers are increasingly relying on
innovation to help support and enhance services. However, the
evidence reported by several studies indicates that the realization of
that potential is not an easy task. Innovations can be deemed
inherently complex to implement and operate, because many of them
involve a combination of technological and organizational renewal
within an environment featuring a diversity of stakeholders. Many
public welfare service innovations are markedly systemic in their
nature, which means that they emerge from, and must address, the
complex interplay between political, administrative, technological,
institutional and legal issues. This paper suggests that stakeholders
dealing with systemic innovation in welfare services must deal with
ambiguous and incomplete information in circumstances of
uncertainty. Employing a literature review methodology and case
study, this paper identifies, categorizes and discusses different
aspects of the uncertainty of systemic innovation in public welfare
services, and argues that uncertainty can be classified into eight
categories: technological uncertainty, market uncertainty,
regulatory/institutional uncertainty, social/political uncertainty,
acceptance/legitimacy uncertainty, managerial uncertainty, timing
uncertainty and consequence uncertainty.
Abstract: Out of all visual arts including: painting, sculpture,
graphics, photography, architecture, and others, architecture is by far
the most complex one, because the art category is only one of its
determinants. Architecture, to some extent includes other arts which
can significantly influence the shaping of an urban space (artistic
interventions). These arts largely shape the visual culture in
combination with other categories: film, TV, Internet, information
technologies that are "changing the world" etc. In the area of
architecture and urbanism, visual culture is achieved through the
aspects of visual spatial effects. In this context, a complex visual
deliberation about designing urban areas in order to contribute to the
urban visual culture, and with it restore the cultural identity of the
city, is becoming almost the primary concept of contemporary urban
and architectural practice. Research in this paper relate to the city of
Niksic and its place in the visual urban culture. We are looking at the
city’s existing visual effects and determining the directions of
transformability of its physical structure in order to achieve the visual
realization of an urban area and the renewal of cultural identity of a
modern city.
Abstract: Information and communication technology (ICT) is
essential to the operation of business, and create many employment
opportunities. High volumes of students graduate in ICT however
students struggle to find job placement. A discrepancy exists between
graduate skills and industry skill requirements. To address the need
for ICT skills required, universities must create programs to meet the
demands of a changing ICT industry. This requires a partnership
between industry, universities and other stakeholders. This situation
may be viewed as a critical systems thinking problem situation as
there are various role players each with their own needs and
requirements. Jackson states a typical critical systems methods has a
pluralistic nature. This paper explores the applicability and suitability
of Maslow and Dooyeweerd to guide understanding and make
recommendations for change in ICT WIL, to foster an all-inclusive
understanding of the situation by stakeholders. The above methods
provide tools for understanding softer issues beyond the skills
required. The study findings suggest that besides skills requirements,
a deeper understanding and empowering students from being a
student to a professional need to be understood and addressed.
Abstract: Composite steel shear wall is a lateral load resisting system which consists of a steel plate with concrete wall attached to one or both sides to prevent it from elastic buckling. The composite behavior is ensured by utilizing high-strength bolts. This paper investigates the effect of distance between bolts, and for this purpose 14 one-story one-bay specimens with various bolts spacing were modeled by finite element code which is developed by the authors. To verify the model, numerical results were compared with a valid experiment which illustrate proper agreement. Results depict increasing the distance between bolts would improve the seismic ever, this increase must be limited, because of large distances will cause widespread buckling of the steel plate in free subpanels between bolts and would result in no improvement. By comparing the results in elastic region, it was observed initial stiffness is not affected by changing the distance.
Abstract: Positron emission particle tracking (PEPT) is a
technique in which a single radioactive tracer particle can be
accurately tracked as it moves. A limitation of PET is that in order to
reconstruct a tomographic image it is necessary to acquire a large
volume of data (millions of events), so it is difficult to study rapidly
changing systems. By considering this fact, PEPT is a very fast
process compared with PET.
In PEPT detecting both photons defines a line and the annihilation
is assumed to have occurred somewhere along this line. The location
of the tracer can be determined to within a few mm from coincident
detection of a small number of pairs of back-to-back gamma rays and
using triangulation. This can be achieved many times per second and
the track of a moving particle can be reliably followed. This
technique was invented at the University of Birmingham [1].
The attempt in PEPT is not to form an image of the tracer particle
but simply to determine its location with time. If this tracer is
followed for a long enough period within a closed, circulating system
it explores all possible types of motion.
The application of PEPT to industrial process systems carried out
at the University of Birmingham is categorized in two subjects: the
behaviour of granular materials and viscous fluids. Granular
materials are processed in industry for example in the manufacture of
pharmaceuticals, ceramics, food, polymers and PEPT has been used
in a number of ways to study the behaviour of these systems [2].
PEPT allows the possibility of tracking a single particle within the
bed [3]. Also PEPT has been used for studying systems such as: fluid
flow, viscous fluids in mixers [4], using a neutrally-buoyant tracer
particle [5].
Abstract: Social, culture and artistic status of a society in
various historical eras is affected by numerous, and sometimes
imposed, factors that better understanding requires analysis of such
conditions. Throughout history Iran has been involved with
determining and significant events that examining each of these
events can improve the understanding of social conditions of this
country in the intended time. Mongolian conquest of Iran is one of
most significant events in the history of Iran with consequences that
never left Iranian societies. During this tragic invasion and
subsequent devastating wars, which led to establishment of Ilkhanate
dynasty, numerous cultural and artistic changes occurred both in
Mongolian conquerors and Iranian society. This study examines these
changes with a glimpse towards art and architecture as important part
of cultural aspects and social communication.