Abstract: An artificial neural network is a mathematical model
inspired by biological neural networks. There are several kinds of
neural networks and they are widely used in many areas, such as:
prediction, detection, and classification. Meanwhile, in day to day life,
people always have to make many difficult decisions. For example,
the coach of a soccer club has to decide which offensive player
to be selected to play in a certain game. This work describes a
novel Neural Network using a combination of the General Regression
Neural Network and the Probabilistic Neural Networks to help a
soccer coach make an informed decision.
Abstract: In this paper, the exergy analysis of vapor absorption
refrigeration system using LiBr-H2O as working fluid is carried out
with the modified Gouy-Stodola approach rather than the classical
Gouy-Stodola equation and effect of varying input parameters is also
studied on the performance of the system. As the modified approach
uses the concept of effective temperature, the mathematical
expressions for effective temperature have been formulated and
calculated for each component of the system. Various constraints and
equations are used to develop program in EES to solve these
equations. The main aim of this analysis is to determine the
performance of the system and the components having major
irreversible loss. Results show that exergy destruction rate is
considerable in absorber and generator followed by evaporator and
condenser. There is an increase in exergy destruction in generator,
absorber and condenser and decrease in the evaporator by the
modified approach as compared to the conventional approach. The
value of exergy determined by the modified Gouy-Stodola equation
deviates maximum i.e. 26% in the generator as compared to the
exergy calculated by the classical Gouy-Stodola method.
Abstract: In this article we will study the elliptic curve defined
over the ring An and we define the mathematical operations of ECC,
which provides a high security and advantage for wireless
applications compared to other asymmetric key cryptosystem.
Abstract: Today’s VLSI networks demands for high speed. And
in this work the compact form mathematical model for current mode
signalling in VLSI interconnects is presented.RLC interconnect line
is modelled using characteristic impedance of transmission line and
inductive effect. The on-chip inductance effect is dominant at lower
technology node is emulated into an equivalent resistance. First order
transfer function is designed using finite difference equation, Laplace
transform and by applying the boundary conditions at the source and
load termination. It has been observed that the dominant pole
determines system response and delay in the proposed model. The
novel proposed current mode model shows superior performance as
compared to voltage mode signalling. Analysis shows that current
mode signalling in VLSI interconnects provides 2.8 times better
delay performance than voltage mode. Secondly the damping factor
of a lumped RLC circuit is shown to be a useful figure of merit.
Abstract: Real bronchial tree is very complicated piping system.
Analysis of flow and pressure losses in this system is very difficult.
Due to the complex geometry and the very small size in the lower
generations is examination by CFD possible only in the central part
of bronchial tree. For specify the pressure losses of lower generations
is necessary to provide a mathematical equation. Determination of
mathematical formulas for calculation of pressure losses in the real
lungs is time consuming and inefficient process due to its complexity
and diversity. For these calculations is necessary to slightly simplify
the geometry of lungs (same cross-section over the length of
individual generation) or use one of the idealized models of lungs
(Horsfield, Weibel). The article compares the values of pressure
losses obtained from CFD simulation of air flow in the central part of
the real bronchial tree with the values calculated in a slightly
simplified real lungs by using a mathematical relationship derived
from the Bernoulli and continuity equations. The aim of the article is
to analyse the accuracy of the analytical method and its possibility of
use for the calculation of pressure losses in lower generations, which
is difficult to solve by numerical method due to the small geometry.
Abstract: The formulated problem of optimization of the
technological process of water treatment for thermal power plants is
considered in this article. The problem is of multiparametric nature.
To optimize the process, namely, reduce the amount of waste water, a
new technology was developed to reuse such water. A mathematical
model of the technology of wastewater reuse was developed.
Optimization parameters were determined. The model consists of a
material balance equation, an equation describing the kinetics of ion
exchange for the non-equilibrium case and an equation for the ion
exchange isotherm. The material balance equation includes a
nonlinear term that depends on the kinetics of ion exchange. A direct
problem of calculating the impurity concentration at the outlet of the
water treatment plant was numerically solved. The direct problem
was approximated by an implicit point-to-point computation
difference scheme. The inverse problem was formulated as relates to
determination of the parameters of the mathematical model of the
water treatment plant operating in non-equilibrium conditions. The
formulated inverse problem was solved. Following the results of
calculation the time of start of the filter regeneration process was
determined, as well as the period of regeneration process and the
amount of regeneration and wash water. Multi-parameter
optimization of water treatment process for thermal power plants
allowed decreasing the amount of wastewater by 15%.
Abstract: This article discusses ways to implement a
differentiated approach to developing academic motivation for
mathematical studies which relies on defining the primary structural
characteristics of motivation. The following characteristics are
considered: features of realization of cognitive activity, meaningmaking
characteristics, level of generalization and consistency of
knowledge acquired by personal experience. The assessment of the
present level of individual student understanding of each component
of academic motivation is the basis for defining the relevant
educational strategy for its further development.
Abstract: Hybrid bioreactor having both suspended-growth and
attached-growth bacteria is found a novel and excellent bioreactor
system for treating the municipal wastewater containing inhibitory
substrates too. In this reactor a fraction of substrate is used by
suspended biomass and the remaining by attached biomass resulting
in the competition between the two growths for the substrate. The
combination of suspended and attached growth provides the system
with enhanced biomass concentration and sludge age more than those
in ASP. Similar to attached growth system, the hybrid bioreactor
ensures considerable efficiency for treating toxic and refractory
substances in wastewater. For the process design of hybrid bioreactor
a suitable mathematical model is required. Although various
mathematical models were developed on hybrid bioreactor in due
course of time in earlier research works, none of them was found
having a specific simplified solution of the corresponding models and
without having any drawback. To overcome this drawback authors
already developed a simplified mathematical model for process
design of a hybrid bioreactor. The present paper briefly highlights on
the various aspects of process design of an aerobic hybrid bioreactor
for the treatment of municipal wastewater.
Abstract: The article deals with modelling of the fire
pragmatism in the area of military management and its experimental
verification. Potential approaches are based on the synergy of
mathematical and theoretical ideas, operational and tactical
requirements and the military decision-making process. This issue
has taken on importance in recent times, particularly with the
increasing trend of digitized battlefield, the development of C4ISR
systems and intention to streamline the command and control process
at the lowest levels of command. From fundamental and
philosophical point of view, these new approaches seek to
significantly upgrade and enhance the decision-making process of the
tactical commanders.
Abstract: Cemented carbide balls are usually implemented in
industry under the environment of high speed, high temperature,
corrosiveness and strong collisions. However, its application is limited
due to high fabrication cost, processing efficiency and quality. A novel
eccentric lapping method with two rotatable lapping plates was
proposed in this paper. A mathematical model was constructed to
analyze the influence of each design parameter on this lapping method.
To validate this new lapping method, an orthogonal experiment was
conducted with cemented carbide balls (YG6). The simulation model
was verified and the optimal lapping parameters were derived. The
results show that the surface roundness of the balls reaches to 0.65um
from 2um in 1 hour using this lapping method. So, using this novel
lapping method, it can effectively improve the machining precision
and efficiency of cemented carbide balls.
Abstract: This paper describes the problem of building secure
computational services for encrypted information in the Cloud
Computing without decrypting the encrypted data; therefore, it meets
the yearning of computational encryption algorithmic aspiration
model that could enhance the security of big data for privacy,
confidentiality, availability of the users. The cryptographic model
applied for the computational process of the encrypted data is the
Fully Homomorphic Encryption Scheme. We contribute a theoretical
presentations in a high-level computational processes that are based
on number theory and algebra that can easily be integrated and
leveraged in the Cloud computing with detail theoretic mathematical
concepts to the fully homomorphic encryption models. This
contribution enhances the full implementation of big data analytics
based cryptographic security algorithm.
Abstract: This article deals with geographical conditions in
terrain and their effect on the movement of vehicles, their effect on
speed and safety of movement of people and vehicles. Finding of the
optimal routes outside the communication is studied in the Army
environment, but it occur in civilian as well, primarily in crisis
situation, or by the provision of assistance when natural disasters
such as floods, fires, storms etc., have happened. These movements
require the optimization of routes when effects of geographical
factors should be included. The most important factor is the surface
of a terrain. It is based on several geographical factors as are slopes,
soil conditions, micro-relief, a type of surface and meteorological
conditions. Their mutual impact has been given by coefficient of
deceleration. This coefficient can be used for the commander`s
decision. New approaches and methods of terrain testing,
mathematical computing, mathematical statistics or cartometric
investigation are necessary parts of this evaluation.
Abstract: Unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) are playing
increasingly prominent roles in defense programs and defense
strategies around the world. Technology advancements have
enabled the development of it to do many excellent jobs as
reconnaissance, surveillance, battle fighters, and communications
relays. Simulating a small unmanned aerial vehicle (SUAV)
dynamics and analyzing its behavior at the preflight stage is too
important and more efficient. The first step in the UAV design is
the mathematical modeling of the nonlinear equations of motion. .
In this paper, a survey with a standard method to obtain the full
non-linear equations of motion is utilized, and then the
linearization of the equations according to a steady state flight
condition (trimming) is derived. This modeling technique is
applied to an Ultrastick-25e fixed wing UAV to obtain the valued
linear longitudinal and lateral models. At the end the model is
checked by matching between the behavior of the states of the nonlinear
UAV and the resulted linear model with doublet at the
control surfaces.
Abstract: Analysis of the properties of coconut (Cocos nucifera)
and its oil was evaluated in this work using standard analytical
techniques. The analyses carried out include proximate composition
of the fruit, extraction of oil from the fruit using different process
parameters and physicochemical analysis of the extracted oil. The
results showed the percentage (%) moisture, crude lipid, crude
protein, ash and carbohydrate content of the coconut as 7.59, 55.15,
5.65, 7.35 and 19.51 respectively. The oil from the coconut fruit was
odourless and yellowish liquid at room temperature (30oC). The
treatment combinations used (leaching time, leaching temperature
and solute: solvent ratio) showed significant differences (P
Abstract: This paper proposes a mathematical model and
examines the performance of an exact algorithm for a location–
transportation problems in humanitarian relief. The model determines
the number and location of distribution centers in a relief network,
the amount of relief supplies to be stocked at each distribution center
and the vehicles to take the supplies to meet the needs of disaster
victims under capacity restriction, transportation and budgetary
constraints. The computational experiments are conducted on the
various sizes of problems that are generated. Branch and bound
algorithm is applied for these problems. The results show that this
algorithm can solve problem sizes of up to three candidate locations
with five demand points and one candidate location with up to twenty
demand points without premature termination.
Abstract: Based on the experimental data, the impact of
resistance and reactance of the winding, as well as the magnetic
permeability of the magnetic circuit steel material on the value of the
electromotive force of the induction converter is investigated. The
obtained results allow estimating the main technological spreads and
determining the maximum level of the electromotive force change.
By the method of experiment planning, the expression of a
polynomial for the electromotive force which can be used to estimate
the adequacy of mathematical models to be used at the investigation
and design of induction converters is obtained.
Abstract: Our goal is development of an algorithm capable of
predicting the directional trend of the Standard and Poor’s 500 index
(S&P 500). Extensive research has been published attempting to
predict different financial markets using historical data testing on an
in-sample and trend basis, with many authors employing excessively
complex mathematical techniques. In reviewing and evaluating these
in-sample methodologies, it became evident that this approach was
unable to achieve sufficiently reliable prediction performance for
commercial exploitation. For these reasons, we moved to an out-ofsample
strategy based on linear regression analysis of an extensive
set of financial data correlated with historical closing prices of the
S&P 500. We are pleased to report a directional trend accuracy of
greater than 55% for tomorrow (t+1) in predicting the S&P 500.
Abstract: Human motion capture has become one of the major
area of interest in the field of computer vision. Some of the major
application areas that have been rapidly evolving include the
advanced human interfaces, virtual reality and security/surveillance
systems. This study provides a brief overview of the techniques and
applications used for the markerless human motion capture, which
deals with analyzing the human motion in the form of mathematical
formulations. The major contribution of this research is that it
classifies the computer vision based techniques of human motion
capture based on the taxonomy, and then breaks its down into four
systematically different categories of tracking, initialization, pose
estimation and recognition. The detailed descriptions and the
relationships descriptions are given for the techniques of tracking and
pose estimation. The subcategories of each process are further
described. Various hypotheses have been used by the researchers in
this domain are surveyed and the evolution of these techniques have
been explained. It has been concluded in the survey that most
researchers have focused on using the mathematical body models for
the markerless motion capture.
Abstract: Cell volume, together with membrane potential and
intracellular hydrogen ion concentration, is an essential biophysical
parameter for normal cellular activity. Cell volumes can be altered by
osmotically active compounds and extracellular tonicity.
In this study, a simple mathematical model of osmotically induced
cell swelling and shrinking is presented. Emphasis is given to water
diffusion across the membrane. The mathematical description of the
cellular behavior consists in a system of coupled ordinary differential
equations. We compare experimental data of cell volume alterations
driven by differences in osmotic pressure with mathematical
simulations under hypotonic and hypertonic conditions. Implications
for a future model are also discussed.
Abstract: PLA emerged as a promising polymer because of its
property as a compostable, biodegradable thermoplastic made from
renewable sources. PLA can be polymerized from monomers
(Lactide or Lactic acid) obtained by fermentation processes from
renewable sources such as corn starch or sugarcane. For PLA
synthesis, ring opening polymerization (ROP) of Lactide monomer is
one of the preferred methods. In the literature, the technique mainly
developed for ROP of PLA is based on metal/bimetallic catalyst (Sn,
Zn and Al) or other organic catalysts in suitable solvent. However,
the PLA synthesized using such catalysts may contain trace elements
of the catalyst which may cause toxicity. This work estimated the
usefulness and drawbacks of using different catalysts as well as effect
of alternative energies and future aspects for PLA production.