Abstract: The radiation effect within the solid anode, electrolyte, and cathode SOFC layers problem has been investigated in this paper. Energy equation is solved by the Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). The Rosseland method is used to model the radiative transfer in the electrodes. The Schuster-Schwarzschild method is used to model the radiative transfer in the electrolyte. Without radiative effect, the found results are in good agreement with those published. The obtained results show that the radiative effect can be neglected.
Abstract: This paper examines the natural convection in a square enclosure filled with a water-Al2O3 nanofluid and is subjected to a magnetic field. The side walls of the cavity have spatially varying sinusoidal temperature distributions. The horizontal walls are adiabatic. Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is applied to solve the coupled equations of flow and temperature fields. This study has been carried out for the pertinent parameters in the following ranges: Rayleigh number of the base fluid, Ra=103 to 106, Hartmann number varied from Ha=0 to 90, phase deviation (γ=0, π/4, π/2, 3π/4 and π) and the solid volume fraction of the nanoparticles between Ø = 0 and 6%. The results show that the heat transfer rate increases with an increase of the Rayleigh number but it decreases with an increase of the Hartmann number. For γ=π/2 and Ra=105 the magnetic field augments the effect of nanoparticles. At Ha=0, the greatest effects of nanoparticles are obtained at γ = 0 and π/4 for Ra=104 and 105 respectively.
Abstract: This study was conducted to evaluate the response of almond genotypes to osmotic stress in vitro in order to screen drought tolerance. Explants subjected to polyethyleneglycol osmotic stress (0, 3.5, and 7.0% WV) on the MS medium. Concentrations of photosynthesis pigments, anthocyanins, and carothenoids were significantly reduced under osmotic stress. Under osmotic stress, leaf water content, cellular membrane stability and pigments concentrations were significantly higher in the leaves of drought tolerant genotypes. The results revealed that carotenoids and anthocyanins may act as photoprotectant compounds in almond leaves and involved in drought tolerance system of the plant.
Abstract: Cloud computing technology is very useful in present day to day life, it uses the internet and the central remote servers to provide and maintain data as well as applications. Such applications in turn can be used by the end users via the cloud communications without any installation. Moreover, the end users’ data files can be accessed and manipulated from any other computer using the internet services. Despite the flexibility of data and application accessing and usage that cloud computing environments provide, there are many questions still coming up on how to gain a trusted environment that protect data and applications in clouds from hackers and intruders. This paper surveys the “keys generation and management” mechanism and encryption/decryption algorithms used in cloud computing environments, we proposed new security architecture for cloud computing environment that considers the various security gaps as much as possible. A new cryptographic environment that implements quantum mechanics in order to gain more trusted with less computation cloud communications is given.
Abstract: This study aims at implementing integrated water resources management principles to the Lafarge Cement Jordan at Al-Fuhais plant. This was accomplished by conducting water audits at all water consuming units in the plant. Based on the findings of the water audit, an action plan to improve water use efficiency in the plant was proposed. The main elements of which are installing water saving devices, re-use of the treated wastewater, water harvesting, raising the awareness of the employees, and linking the plant to the water demand management unit at the Ministry of Water and Irrigation.
The analysis showed that by implementing the proposed action plan, it is expected that the industrial water demand can be satisfied from non-conventional resources including treated wastewater and harvested water. As a consequence, fresh water can be used to increase the supply to Al-Fuhais city which is expected to reflect positively on the relationship between the factory and the city.
Abstract: A typical flexible pavement structure consists of the surface, base, sub-base and subgrade soil. The loading traffic is transferred from the top layer with higher stiffness to the layer below with less stiffness. Under normal traffic loading, the behaviour of flexible pavement is very complex and can be predicted by using the repeated load triaxial test equipment in the laboratory. However, the nature of the repeated load triaxial testing procedure is considered time-consuming, complicated and expensive, and it is a challenge to carry out as a routine test in the laboratory. Therefore, the current paper proposes a numerical approach to simulate the repeated load triaxial test by employing the discrete element method. A sample with particle size ranging from 2.36mm to 19.0mm was constructed. Material properties, which included normal stiffness, shear stiffness, coefficient of friction, maximum dry density and particle density, were used as the input for the simulation. The sample was then subjected to a combination of deviator and confining stress and it was found that the discrete element method is able to simulate the repeated load triaxial test in the laboratory.
Abstract: The porous silicon (PS), formed from the anodization
of a p+ type substrate silicon, consists of a network organized in a
pseudo-column as structure of multiple side ramifications. Structural
micro-topology can be interpreted as the fraction of the interconnected
solid phase contributing to thermal transport. The
reduction of dimensions of silicon of each nanocristallite during the
oxidation induced a reduction in thermal conductivity. Integration of
thermal sensors in the Microsystems silicon requires an effective
insulation of the sensor element. Indeed, the low thermal conductivity
of PS consists in a very promising way in the fabrication of integrated
thermal Microsystems.In this work we are interesting in the
measurements of thermal conductivity (on the surface and in depth)
of PS by the micro-Raman spectroscopy. The thermal conductivity is
studied according to the parameters of anodization (initial doping and
current density. We also, determine porosity of samples by
spectroellipsometry.
Abstract: In this paper two different Antilock braking system (ABS) are simulated and compared. One is the ordinary hydraulic ABS system which we call it ABS and the other is Electromagnetic Antilock braking system which is called (EMABS) the basis of performance of an EMABS is based upon Electromagnetic force. In this system there is no need to use servo hydraulic booster which are used in ABS system. In EMABS to generate the desired force we have use a magnetic relay which works with an input voltage through an air gap (g). The generated force will be amplified by the relay arm, and is applied to the brake shoes and thus the braking torque is generated. The braking torque is proportional to the applied electrical voltage E. to adjust the braking torque it is only necessary to regulate the electrical voltage E which is very faster and has a much smaller time constant T than the ABS system. The simulations of these two different ABS systems are done with MATLAB/SIMULINK software and the superiority of the EMABS has been shown.
Abstract: In this study the extracts of the Iraqi herb Tribulus
terrestris (Al-Hassage or Al-Kutub) was done by using of polar and
non polar solvents, then the biological activity of these extractants
was studied in three fields, First, the antibacterial activity (in vitro)
on gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), and gram
negative bacteria (E. coli, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas
aerugiuosa, and Klebsiella), all extracts showed considerable activity
against all bacteria. Second, the effect of extracts on free serum
testosterone level in male mice (in vivo), the alcoholic, and
acetonitrilic extracts showed significant (P < 0.05) increase in free
serum testosterone level, and we found that the extracts contained
compounds with less genotoxic effects in mice germ cells. 3rd, was to
study the effect of methanolic extract of T. terrestris in diabetes
management.
Abstract: A new approach has been used for optimized design of multipliers based upon the concepts of Vedic mathematics. The design has been targeted to state-of-the art field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). The multiplier generates partial products using Vedic mathematics method by employing basic 4x4 multipliers designed by exploiting 6-input LUTs and multiplexers in the same slices resulting in drastic reduction in area. The multiplier is realized on Xilinx FPGAs using devices Virtex-5 and Virtex-6.Carry Chain Adder was employed to obtain final products. The performance of the proposed multiplier was examined and compared to well-known multipliers such as Booth, Carry Save, Carry ripple, and array multipliers. It is demonstrated that the proposed multiplier is superior in terms of speed as well as power consumption.
Abstract: Business Process Management (BPM) helps in optimizing the business processes inside an enterprise. But BPM architecture does not provide any help for extending the enterprise. Modern business environments and rapidly changing technologies are asking for brisk changes in the business processes. Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) can help in enabling the success of enterprise-wide BPM. SOA supports agility in software development that is directly related to achieve loose coupling of interacting software agents. Agility is a premium concern of the current software designing architectures. Together, BPM and SOA provide a perfect combination for enterprise computing. SOA provides the capabilities for services to be combined together and to support and create an agile, flexible enterprise. But there are still many questions to answer; BPM is better or SOA? and what is the future track of BPM and SOA? This paper tries to answer some of these important questions.
Abstract: The effect of magnetic field on germination
characteristics of two wheat Seeds has been studied under laboratory
conditions. Seeds were magnetically exposed to magnetic field
strengths, 125 or 250mT for different periods of time. Mean
germination time and the time required to obtain 10, 25, 50, 75 and
90%of seeds to germinate were calculated. The germination time for
each treatment were in general, higher than corresponding control
values, in the other word in treated seeds time required for mean seed
germination time increased nearly 3 hours in compared non treated
control seeds. T10 for doses D5, D6, D11 and D12 significantly higher
than the control values for both cultivars. Mean germination time
(MGT) in both cultivars significantly increased when the time of
seed exposed at magnetic field treatments increased , about 3 and 2
hour respectively for Omid and BCR cultivars.
Abstract: In order to study of The Effect of seed inoculation
with Pseudomonas putida+Bacillus lentus on yield and yield
components of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, an experiment
was carried out as factorial based on Randomized Complete Block
Design (RCBD) in Agricultural Research Station of Shahrood
University of Technology. Results showed that inoculation with
Pseudomonas putida+Bacillus lentus promoted seed germination.
Also, inoculation with Pseudomonas putida+Bacillus lentus
significantly affected grain yield, Number of spikes per m2,
Number of grain per spike and 1000-seed weight and There was not
statistically significant difference between Chamran and Pishtaz
cultivars . Finally, the dosages of chemical fertilizers currently
applied in commercial wheat field in Iran (Shahrood region) could be
reduced through proper combination of Pseudomonas
putida+Bacillus lentus inoculation plus fertilization.
Abstract: The Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) with double populations is applied to solve the steady-state laminar natural convective heat transfer in a triangular cavity filled with water. The bottom wall is heated, the vertical wall is cooled, and the inclined wall is kept adiabatic. The buoyancy effect was modeled by applying the Boussinesq approximation to the momentum equation. The fluid velocity is determined by D2Q9 LBM and the energy equation is discritized by D2Q4 LBM to compute the temperature field. Comparisons with previously published work are performed and found to be in excellent agreement. Numerical results are obtained for a wide range of parameters: the Rayleigh number from to and the inclination angle from 0° to 360°. Flow and thermal fields were exhibited by means of streamlines and isotherms. It is observed that inclination angle can be used as a relevant parameter to control heat transfer in right-angled triangular enclosures.
Abstract: This paper presents a comparative analysis of a new
unsupervised PCA-based technique for steel plates texture segmentation
towards defect detection. The proposed scheme called Variance
Based Component Analysis or VBCA employs PCA for feature
extraction, applies a feature reduction algorithm based on variance of
eigenpictures and classifies the pixels as defective and normal. While
the classic PCA uses a clusterer like Kmeans for pixel clustering,
VBCA employs thresholding and some post processing operations to
label pixels as defective and normal. The experimental results show
that proposed algorithm called VBCA is 12.46% more accurate and
78.85% faster than the classic PCA.
Abstract: This research contribution propels the idea of collaborating environment for the execution of student satellite projects in the backdrop of project management principles. The recent past has witnessed a technological shift in the aerospace industry from the big satellite projects to the small spacecrafts especially for the earth observation and communication purposes. This vibrant shift has vitalized the academia and industry to share their resources and to create a win-win paradigm of mutual success and technological development along with the human resource development in the field of aerospace. Small student satellites are the latest jargon of academia and more than 100 CUBESAT projects have been executed successfully all over the globe and many new student satellite projects are in the development phase. The small satellite project management requires the application of specific knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to achieve the defined mission requirements. The Authors have presented the detailed outline for the project management of student satellites and presented the role of industry to collaborate with the academia to get the optimized results in academic environment.
Abstract: Wireless sensor networks (WSN) consists of many
sensor nodes that are placed on unattended environments such as
military sites in order to collect important information.
Implementing a secure protocol that can prevent forwarding forged
data and modifying content of aggregated data and has low delay
and overhead of communication, computing and storage is very
important. This paper presents a new protocol for concealed data
aggregation (CDA). In this protocol, the network is divided to
virtual cells, nodes within each cell produce a shared key to send
and receive of concealed data with each other. Considering to data
aggregation in each cell is locally and implementing a secure
authentication mechanism, data aggregation delay is very low and
producing false data in the network by malicious nodes is not
possible. To evaluate the performance of our proposed protocol, we
have presented computational models that show the performance
and low overhead in our protocol.
Abstract: Design of a constant chord propeller is presented in
this paper in order to reduce propeller-s design procedure-s costs. The
design process was based on Lock and Goldstein-s techniques of
propeller design and analysis. In order to calculate optimum chord of
propeller, chord of a referential element is generalized as whole
blades chord. The design outcome which named CS-X-1 is modeled
& analyzed by CFD methods using K-ε: R.N.G turbulence model.
Convergence of results of two codes proved that outcome results of
design process are reliable. Design result is a two-blade propeller
with a total diameter of 1.1 meter, radial velocity of 3000 R.P.M,
efficiency above .75 and power coefficient near 1.05.
Abstract: Pressure waves and Water Hammer occur in a
pumping system when valves are closed or opened suddenly or in
the case of sudden failure of pumps. Determination of maximum
water hammer is considered one of the most important technical
and economical items of which engineers and designers of
pumping stations and conveyance pipelines should take care.
Hammer Software is a recent application used to simulate water
hammer. The present study focuses on determining significance of
each input parameter of the application relative to the maximum
amount of water hammer estimated by the software. The study
determines estimated maximum water hammer variations due to
variations of input parameters including water temperature, pipe
type, thickness and diameter, electromotor rpm and power, and
moment of inertia of electromotor and pump. In our study,
Kuhrang Pumping Station was modeled using WaterGEMS
Software. The pumping station is characterized by total discharge
of 200 liters per second, dynamic height of 194 meters and 1.5
kilometers of steel conveyance pipeline and transports water to
Cheshme Morvarid for farmland irrigation. The model was run in
steady hydraulic condition and transferred to Hammer Software.
Then, the model was run in several unsteady hydraulic conditions
and sensitivity of maximum water hammer to each input parameter
was calculated. It is shown that parameters to which maximum
water hammer is most sensitive are moment of inertia of pump and
electromotor, diameter, type and thickness of pipe and water
temperature, respectively.
Abstract: One of the main limitations for the resolution of
optical instruments is the size of the sensor-s pixels. In this paper we
introduce a new sub pixel resolution algorithm to enhance the
resolution of images. This method is based on the analysis of multiimages
which are fast recorded during the fine relative motion of
image and pixel arrays of CCDs. It is shown that by applying this
method for a sample noise free image one will enhance the resolution
with 10-14 order of error.