Abstract: As chip manufacturing technology is suddenly on the
threshold of major evaluation, which shrinks chip in size and
performance, LFSR (Linear Feedback Shift Register) is implemented
in layout level which develops the low power consumption chip,
using recent CMOS, sub-micrometer layout tools. Thus LFSR
counter can be a new trend setter in cryptography and is also
beneficial as compared to GRAY & BINARY counter and variety of
other applications.
This paper compares 3 architectures in terms of the hardware
implementation, CMOS layout and power consumption, using
Microwind CMOS layout tool. Thus it provides solution to a low
power architecture implementation of LFSR in CMOS VLSI.
Abstract: The voltage/current characteristics and the effect of
NO2 gas on the electrical conductivity of a PbPc gas sensor array is
investigated. The gas sensor is manufactured using vacuum
deposition of gold electrodes on sapphire substrate with the leadphathalocyanine
vacuum sublimed on the top of the gold electrodes.
Two versions of the PbPc gas sensor array are investigated. The
tested types differ in the gap sizes between the deposited gold
electrodes. The sensors are tested at different temperatures to account
for conductivity changes as the molecular adsorption/desorption rate
is affected by heat. The obtained results found to be encouraging as
the sensors shoed stability and sensitivity towards low concentration
of applied NO2 gas.
Abstract: The research on two-wheeled inverted pendulum (TWIP) mobile robots or commonly known as balancing robots have gained momentum over the last decade in a number of robotic laboratories around the world. This paper describes the hardware design of such a robot. The objective of the design is to develop a TWIP mobile robot as well as MATLAB interfacing configuration to be used as flexible platform comprises of embedded unstable linear plant intended for research and teaching purposes. Issues such as selection of actuators and sensors, signal processing units, MATLAB Real Time Workshop coding, modeling and control scheme will be addressed and discussed. The system is then tested using a wellknown state feedback controller to verify its functionality.
Abstract: Model-checking tools such as Symbolic Model Verifier
(SMV) and NuSMV are available for checking hardware designs.
These tools can automatically check the formal legitimacy of a
design. However, NuSMV is too low level for describing a complete
hardware design. It is therefore necessary to translate the system
definition, as designed in a language such as Verilog or VHDL, into
a language such as NuSMV for validation. In this paper, we present
a meta hardware description language, Melasy, that contains a code
generator for existing hardware description languages (HDLs) and
languages for model checking that solve this problem.
Abstract: Pollution emission levels of aircraft engines are a
nowadays high concern. Any technological advance that could reduce
emission levels is always welcome. In what concerns aircraft engines,
a possible solution for this problem could be the use of regenerators
and intercoolers. These components might reduce the specific fuel
consumption, increase efficiency and specific thrust and consequently
reduce the pollution levels of the engine. This is not a novel solution.
These heat exchangers are already is use in stationary engines. For
aircraft engines, the extra weight of the needed hardware could
overcome the fuel saved. This work compares a conventional engine
with configurations that use intercoolers and regenerators.
Abstract: The Informational Infrastructures of small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises are relatively poor, there are serious shortages of capitals which can be invested in informatization construction, computer hardware and software resources, and human resources. To address the informatization issue in small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises, and enable them to the application of advanced management thinking and enhance their competitiveness, the paper establish a manufacturing-oriented small and medium-sized enterprises informatization platform based on the ASP business intelligence technology, which effectively improves the scientificity of enterprises decision and management informatization.
Abstract: The Kowsar dam supply water for different usages
such as drinking, industrial, agricultural and aquaculture farms
usages and located next to the city of Dehdashat in Kohgiluye and
Boyerahmad province in southern Iran. There are some towns and
villages on the Kowsar dam watersheds, which Dehdasht and Choram
are the most important and populated cities in this area. The study
was undertaken to assess the status of water quality in the urban areas
of the Kowsar dam. A total of 28 water samples were collected from
6 stations on surface water and 1 station from groundwater on the
watershed of the Kowsar dam. All the samples were analyzed for Ni
concentration using standard procedures. The results were compared
with other national and international standards. Among the analyzed
samples, as the maximum value of Nickel (0.01 mg/L) was observed
on the station 2 at the autumn 2010, all the samples analyzed were
within the maximum admissible limits by the United States
Environmental Protection Agency, EU, WHO and the Iranian. In
general results of the present study have shown that a Ni mean value
of station No. 2 with 0.006 mg/L is higher than the other stations. Ni
level of all samples and stations have had normal values and this is an
indication of pollution potential and hazards because of human
activity and waste water of towns in the areas, which can effect on
human health implications in future. This research, therefore,
recommends the government and other responsible authorities to take
suitable improving measures in the Kowsar dam watersheds.
Abstract: The present paper represents a methodology for
investigating flow characteristics near orifice plate by using a
commercial computational fluid dynamics code. The flow
characteristics near orifice plate which is located in the auxiliary
feedwater system were modeled via three different levels of grid and
four different types of Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS)
equations with proper near-wall treatment. The results from CFD code
were compared with experimental data in terms of differential pressure
through the orifice plate. In this preliminary study, the Realizable k-ε
and the Reynolds stress models with enhanced wall treatment were
suitable to analyze flow characteristics near orifice plate, and the
results had a good agreement with experimental data.
Abstract: Road Traffic Accidents are a major cause of disability and death throughout the world. The control of intelligent vehicles in order to reduce human error and boost ease congestion is not accomplished solely by the aid of human resources. The present article is an attempt to introduce an intelligent control system based on RFID technology. By the help of RFID technology, vehicles are connected to computerized systems, intelligent light poles and other available hardware along the way. In this project, intelligent control system is capable of tracking all vehicles, crisis management and control, traffic guidance and recording Driving offences along the highway.
Abstract: We present a novel scheme to evaluate sinusoidal functions with low complexity and high precision using cubic spline interpolation. To this end, two different approaches are proposed to find the interpolating polynomial of sin(x) within the range [- π , π]. The first one deals with only a single data point while the other with two to keep the realization cost as low as possible. An approximation error optimization technique for cubic spline interpolation is introduced next and is shown to increase the interpolator accuracy without increasing complexity of the associated hardware. The architectures for the proposed approaches are also developed, which exhibit flexibility of implementation with low power requirement.
Abstract: Embedded systems need to respect stringent real
time constraints. Various hardware components included in such
systems such as cache memories exhibit variability and therefore
affect execution time. Indeed, a cache memory access from an
embedded microprocessor might result in a cache hit where the
data is available or a cache miss and the data need to be fetched
with an additional delay from an external memory. It is therefore
highly desirable to predict future memory accesses during
execution in order to appropriately prefetch data without incurring
delays. In this paper, we evaluate the potential of several artificial
neural networks for the prediction of instruction memory
addresses. Neural network have the potential to tackle the nonlinear
behavior observed in memory accesses during program
execution and their demonstrated numerous hardware
implementation emphasize this choice over traditional forecasting
techniques for their inclusion in embedded systems. However,
embedded applications execute millions of instructions and
therefore millions of addresses to be predicted. This very
challenging problem of neural network based prediction of large
time series is approached in this paper by evaluating various neural
network architectures based on the recurrent neural network
paradigm with pre-processing based on the Self Organizing Map
(SOM) classification technique.
Abstract: Falling has been one of the major concerns and threats
to the independence of the elderly in their daily lives. With the
worldwide significant growth of the aging population, it is essential
to have a promising solution of fall detection which is able to operate
at high accuracy in real-time and supports large scale implementation
using multiple cameras. Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is a
highly promising tool to be used as a hardware accelerator in many
emerging embedded vision based system. Thus, it is the main
objective of this paper to present an FPGA-based solution of visual
based fall detection to meet stringent real-time requirements with
high accuracy. The hardware architecture of visual based fall
detection which utilizes the pixel locality to reduce memory accesses
is proposed. By exploiting the parallel and pipeline architecture of
FPGA, our hardware implementation of visual based fall detection
using FGPA is able to achieve a performance of 60fps for a series of
video analytical functions at VGA resolutions (640x480). The results
of this work show that FPGA has great potentials and impacts in
enabling large scale vision system in the future healthcare industry
due to its flexibility and scalability.
Abstract: With the advent of digital cinema and digital
broadcasting, copyright protection of video data has been one of the
most important issues.
We present a novel method of watermarking for video image data
based on the hardware and digital wavelet transform techniques and
name it as “traceable watermarking" because the watermarked data is
constructed before the transmission process and traced after it has been
received by an authorized user.
In our method, we embed the watermark to the lowest part of each
image frame in decoded video by using a hardware LSI.
Digital Cinema is an important application for traceable
watermarking since digital cinema system makes use of watermarking
technology during content encoding, encryption, transmission,
decoding and all the intermediate process to be done in digital cinema
systems. The watermark is embedded into the randomly selected
movie frames using hash functions.
Embedded watermark information can be extracted from the
decoded video data. For that, there is no need to access original movie
data. Our experimental results show that proposed traceable
watermarking method for digital cinema system is much better than the
convenient watermarking techniques in terms of robustness, image
quality, speed, simplicity and robust structure.
Abstract: ELS is an important ground based hardware in the
loop simulator used for aerodynamics torque loading experiments
of the actuators under test. This work focuses on improvement of the
transient response of torque controller with parameters uncertainty
of Electrical Load Simulator (ELS).The parameters of load simulator
are estimated online and the model is updated, eliminating the model
error and improving the steady state torque tracking response of
torque controller. To improve the Transient control performance the
gain of robust term of SMC is updated online using fuzzy logic
system based on the amount of uncertainty in parameters of load
simulator. The states of load simulator which cannot be measured
directly are estimated using luenberger observer with update of new
estimated parameters. The stability of the control scheme is verified
using Lyapunov theorem. The validity of proposed control scheme is
verified using simulations.
Abstract: Cryptographic algorithms play a crucial role in the
information society by providing protection from unauthorized
access to sensitive data. It is clear that information technology will
become increasingly pervasive, Hence we can expect the emergence
of ubiquitous or pervasive computing, ambient intelligence. These
new environments and applications will present new security
challenges, and there is no doubt that cryptographic algorithms and
protocols will form a part of the solution. The efficiency of a public
key cryptosystem is mainly measured in computational overheads,
key size and bandwidth. In particular the RSA algorithm is used in
many applications for providing the security. Although the security
of RSA is beyond doubt, the evolution in computing power has
caused a growth in the necessary key length. The fact that most chips
on smart cards can-t process key extending 1024 bit shows that there
is need for alternative. NTRU is such an alternative and it is a
collection of mathematical algorithm based on manipulating lists of
very small integers and polynomials. This allows NTRU to high
speeds with the use of minimal computing power. NTRU (Nth degree
Truncated Polynomial Ring Unit) is the first secure public key
cryptosystem not based on factorization or discrete logarithm
problem. This means that given sufficient computational resources
and time, an adversary, should not be able to break the key. The
multi-party communication and requirement of optimal resource
utilization necessitated the need for the present day demand of
applications that need security enforcement technique .and can be
enhanced with high-end computing. This has promoted us to develop
high-performance NTRU schemes using approaches such as the use
of high-end computing hardware. Peer-to-peer (P2P) or enterprise
grids are proven as one of the approaches for developing high-end
computing systems. By utilizing them one can improve the
performance of NTRU through parallel execution. In this paper we
propose and develop an application for NTRU using enterprise grid
middleware called Alchemi. An analysis and comparison of its
performance for various text files is presented.
Abstract: This paper evaluate the multilevel modulation for
different techniques such as amplitude shift keying (M-ASK), MASK,
differential phase shift keying (M-ASK-Bipolar), Quaternary
Amplitude Shift Keying (QASK) and Quaternary Polarization-ASK
(QPol-ASK) at a total bit rate of 107 Gbps. The aim is to find a costeffective
very high speed transport solution. Numerical investigation
was performed using Monte Carlo simulations. The obtained results
indicate that some modulation formats can be operated at 100Gbps
in optical communication systems with low implementation effort
and high spectral efficiency.
Abstract: Many accidents were happened because of fast driving, habitual working overtime or tired spirit. This paper presents a solution of remote warning for vehicles collision avoidance using vehicular communication. The development system integrates dedicated short range communication (DSRC) and global position system (GPS) with embedded system into a powerful remote warning system. To transmit the vehicular information and broadcast vehicle position; DSRC communication technology is adopt as the bridge. The proposed system is divided into two parts of the positioning andvehicular units in a vehicle. The positioning unit is used to provide the position and heading information from GPS module, and furthermore the vehicular unit is used to receive the break, throttle, and othersignals via controller area network (CAN) interface connected to each mechanism. The mobile hardware are built with an embedded system using X86 processor in Linux system. A vehicle is communicated with other vehicles via DSRC in non-addressed protocol with wireless access in vehicular environments (WAVE) short message protocol. From the position data and vehicular information, this paper provided a conflict detection algorithm to do time separation and remote warning with error bubble consideration. And the warning information is on-line displayed in the screen. This system is able to enhance driver assistance service and realize critical safety by using vehicular information from the neighbor vehicles.KeywordsDedicated short range communication, GPS, Control area network, Collision avoidance warning system.
Abstract: Groundwater is an essential and vital component of our life support system. The groundwater resources are being utilized for drinking, irrigation and industrial purposes. There is growing concern on deterioration of groundwater quality due to geogenic and anthropogenic activities. Groundwater, being a fragile must be carefully managed to maintain its purity within standard limits. So, quality assessment and management are to be carried out hand-in-hand to have a pollution free environment and for a sustainable use. In order to assess the quality for consumption by human beings and for use in agriculture, the groundwater from the shallow aquifers (dug well) in the Palakkad and Chittur taluks of Bharathapuzha river basin - a paddy dominated agricultural basin (order=8th; L= 209 Km; Area = 6186 Km2), Kerala, India, has been selected. The water samples (n= 120) collected for various seasons, viz., monsoon-MON (August, 2005), postmonsoon-POM (December, 2005) and premonsoon-PRM (April, 2006), were analyzed for important physico-chemical attributes. Spatial and temporal variation of attributes do exist in the study area, and based on major cations and anions, different hydrochemical facies have been identified. Using Gibbs'diagram, rock dominance has been identified as the mechanism controlling groundwater chemistry. Further, the suitability of water for irrigation was determined by analyzing salinity hazard indicated by sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC) and sodium percent (%Na). Finally, stress zones in the study area were delineated using Arc GIS spatial analysis and various management options were recommended to restore the ecosystem.
Abstract: This paper presents design features of a rescue robot, named CEO Mission II. Its body is designed to be the track wheel type with double front flippers for climbing over the collapse and the rough terrain. With 125 cm. long, 5-joint mechanical arm installed on the robot body, it is deployed not only for surveillance from the top view but also easier and faster access to the victims to get their vital signs. Two cameras and sensors for searching vital signs are set up at the tip of the multi-joint mechanical arm. The third camera is at the back of the robot for driving control. Hardware and software of the system, which controls and monitors the rescue robot, are explained. The control system is used for controlling the robot locomotion, the 5-joint mechanical arm, and for turning on/off devices. The monitoring system gathers all information from 7 distance sensors, IR temperature sensors, 3 CCD cameras, voice sensor, robot wheels encoders, yawn/pitch/roll angle sensors, laser range finder and 8 spare A/D inputs. All sensors and controlling data are communicated with a remote control station via IEEE 802.11b Wi-Fi. The audio and video data are compressed and sent via another IEEE 802.11g Wi-Fi transmitter for getting real-time response. At remote control station site, the robot locomotion and the mechanical arm are controlled by joystick. Moreover, the user-friendly GUI control program is developed based on the clicking and dragging method to easily control the movement of the arm. Robot traveling map is plotted from computing the information of wheel encoders and the yawn/pitch data. 2D Obstacle map is plotted from data of the laser range finder. The concept and design of this robot can be adapted to suit many other applications. As the Best Technique awardee from Thailand Rescue Robot Championship 2006, all testing results are satisfied.
Abstract: This paper presents the development of analysis tools
for Home Agriculture project. The tools are required for monitoring
the condition of greenhouse which involves two components:
measurement hardware and data analysis engine. Measurement
hardware is functioned to measure environment parameters such as
temperature, humidity, air quality, dust and etc while analysis tool is
used to analyse and interpret the integrated data against the condition
of weather, quality of health, irradiance, quality of soil and etc. The
current development of the tools is completed for off-line data
recorded technique. The data is saved in MMC and transferred via
ZigBee to Environment Data Manager (EDM) for data analysis.
EDM converts the raw data and plot three combination graphs. It has
been applied in monitoring three months data measurement for
irradiance, temperature and humidity of the greenhouse..