Abstract: With the rapid development of national modern industry, people begin to pay attention to environmental pollution and harm caused by industrial dust. Based on above, a numerical study on the dedusting technology of industrial environment was conducted. The dynamic models of multicomponent particles collision and coagulation, breakage and deposition are developed, and the interaction of water droplet and aerosol particle in 2-Dimension flow field was researched by Eulerian-Lagrangian method and Multi-Monte Carlo method. The effects of the droplet scale, movement speed of droplet and the flow field structure on scavenging efficiency were analyzed. The results show that under the certain condition, 30μm of droplet has the best scavenging efficiency. At the initial speed 1m/s of droplets, droplets and aerosol particles have more time to interact, so it has a better scavenging efficiency for the particle.
Abstract: Pulses are high in plant protein and dietary fiber, and contain slowly digestible starches. Innovative products from pulses could increase their consumption and benefit consumer health. This study was conducted to evaluate physicochemical stability of processed cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. cv. Fradel) and maple pea (Pisum sativum var. arvense L. cv. Bruno) spreads at 5 °C temperature during 62-day storage. Physicochemical stability of pulse spreads was compared after sous vide treatment (80 °C/15 min) and high pressure processing (700 MPa/10 min/20 °C). Pulse spreads were made by homogenizing cooked pulses in a food processor together with salt, citric acid, oil, and bruschetta seasoning. A total of four different pulse spreads were studied: Cowpea spread without and with seasoning, maple pea spread without and with seasoning. Transparent PA/PE and light proof PET/ALU/PA/PP film pouches were used for packaging of pulse spreads under vacuum. The parameters investigated were pH, water activity and mass losses. Pulse spreads were tested on days 0, 15, 29, 42, 50, 57 and 62. The results showed that sous-vide treatment and high pressure processing had an insignificant influence on pH, water activity and mass losses after processing, irrespective of packaging material did not change (p>0.1). pH and water activity of sous-vide treated and high pressure processed pulse spreads in different packaging materials proved to be stable throughout the storage. Mass losses during storage accounted to 0.1% losses. Chosen sous-vide treatment and high pressure processing regimes and packaging materials are suitable to maintain consistent physicochemical quality of the new products during 62-day storage.
Abstract: In this paper, we have analyzed and compared the performance of various coding schemes. The basic ID prime sequence codes are unique in only dimension, i.e. time slots, whereas 2D coding techniques are not unique by their time slots but with their wavelengths also. In this research, we have evaluated and compared the performance of 1D and 2D coding techniques constructed using prime sequence coding pattern for Optical Code Division Multiple Access (OCDMA) system on a single platform. Analysis shows that 2D prime code supports lesser number of active users than 1D codes, but they are having large code family and are the most secure codes compared to other codes. The performance of all these codes is analyzed on basis of number of active users supported at a Bit Error Rate (BER) of 10-9.
Abstract: Natural products from herb have been used in different aspects of life as a result of their various biological activities. Generally, plant growth and production of secondary compounds largely depend on environmental conditions. To better understand this correlation, study on biological activity and soil parameter is necessary. This research aims to study the soil parameters which affect the efficiency of the antioxidant activity of essential oils extracted from the Zingiber zerumbet in three areas of Thailand, including Min Buri district, Bangkok province; Muang district, Chiang Mai province and Kaeng Sanam Nang district, Nakhon Ratchasima province. The soil samples in each area were collected and analyzed in the laboratory. The essential oil of Z. zerumbet in each province was extracted and tested for antioxidant activity by hydrodistillation method and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical) assay, respectively. The results showed that, the soil parameters such as pH, nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus elements and exchange of cations of soil specimen from Nakhon Ratchasima province were the highest (P
Abstract: This paper deals with the problem of two-dimensional (2-D) recursive doubly complementary (DC) digital filter design. We present a structure of 2-D recursive DC filters by using 2-D symmetric half-plane (SHP) recursive digital all-pass lattice filters (DALFs). The novelty of using 2-D SHP recursive DALFs to construct a 2-D recursive DC digital lattice filter is that the resulting 2-D SHP recursive DC digital lattice filter provides better performance than the existing 2-D SHP recursive DC digital filter. Moreover, the proposed structure possesses a favorable 2-D DC half-band (DC-HB) property that allows about half of the 2-D SHP recursive DALF’s coefficients to be zero. This leads to considerable savings in computational burden for implementation. To ensure the stability of a designed 2-D SHP recursive DC digital lattice filter, some necessary constraints on the phase of the 2-D SHP recursive DALF during the design process are presented. Design of a 2-D diamond-shape decimation/interpolation filter is presented for illustration and comparison.
Abstract: In order to understand the seismic behavior of steel frame structure with infill FRP composite panel, simple models for simulation on the steel frame with the panel systems were developed in this study. To achieve the simple design method of the steel framed structure with the damping panel system, 2-D finite element analysis with the springs and dashpots models was conducted in ABAQUS. Under various applied spring stiffness and dashpot coefficient, the expected hysteretic energy responses of the steel frame with damping panel systems we investigated. Using the proposed simple design method which decides the stiffness and the damping, it is possible to decide the FRP and damping materials on a steel frame system.
Abstract: This paper presents an unsupervised color image segmentation method. It is based on a hierarchical analysis of 2-D histogram in RGB color space. This histogram minimizes storage space of images and thus facilitates the operations between them. The improved segmentation approach shows a better identification of objects in a color image and, at the same time, the system is fast.
Abstract: In many practical situations, bubbles are dispersed in a
liquid phase. Understanding these complex bubbly flows is therefore
a key issue for applications such as shell and tube heat exchangers,
mineral flotation and oxidation in water treatment. Although a large
body of work exists for bubbles rising in an unbounded medium,
that of bubbles rising in constricted geometries has received less
attention. The particular case of a bubble sliding underneath an
inclined surface is common to two-phase flow systems. The current
study intends to expand this knowledge by performing experiments
to quantify the streamwise flow structures associated with a single
sliding air bubble under an inclined surface in quiescent water. This
is achieved by means of two-dimensional, two-component particle
image velocimetry (PIV), performed with a continuous wave laser
and high-speed camera. PIV vorticity fields obtained in a plane
perpendicular to the sliding surface show that there is significant bulk
fluid motion away from the surface. The associated momentum of the
bubble means that this wake motion persists for a significant time
before viscous dissipation. The magnitude and direction of the flow
structures in the streamwise measurement plane are found to depend
on the point on its path through which the bubble enters the plane.
This entry point, represented by a phase angle, affects the nature and
strength of the vortical structures. This study reconstructs the vorticity
field in the wake of the bubble, converting the field at different
instances in time to slices of a large-scale wake structure. This is, in
essence, Taylor’s ”frozen turbulence” hypothesis. Applying this to the
vorticity fields provides a pseudo three-dimensional representation
from 2-D data, allowing for a more intuitive understanding of the
bubble wake. This study provides insights into the complex dynamics
of a situation common to many engineering applications, particularly
shell and tube heat exchangers in the nucleate boiling regime.
Abstract: Dietary cholesterol has elicited the most public
interest as it relates with coronary heart disease. Thus, humans have
been paying more attention to health, thereby reducing consumption
of cholesterol enriched food. Egg is considered as one of the major
sources of human dietary cholesterol. However, an alternative way to
reduce the potential cholesterolemic effect of eggs is to modify the
fatty acid composition of the yolk. The effect of palm oil (PO),
soybean oil (SO), sesame seed oil (SSO) and fish oil (FO)
supplementation in the diets of layers on egg yolk fatty acid,
cholesterol, egg production and egg quality parameters were
evaluated in a 42-day feeding trial. One hundred and five Isa Brown
laying hens of 34 weeks of age were randomly distributed into seven
groups of five replicates and three birds per replicate in a completely
randomized design. Seven corn-soybean basal diets (BD) were
formulated: BD+No oil (T1), BD+1.5% PO (T2), BD+1.5% SO (T3),
BD+1.5% SSO (T4), BD+1.5% FO (T5), BD+0.75% SO+0.75% FO
(T6) and BD+0.75% SSO+0.75% FO (T7). Five eggs were randomly
sampled at day 42 from each replicate to assay for the cholesterol,
fatty acid profile of egg yolk and egg quality assessment. Results
showed that there were no significant (P>0.05) differences observed
in production performance, egg cholesterol and egg quality
parameters except for yolk height, albumen height, yolk index, egg
shape index, haugh unit, and yolk colour. There were no significant
differences (P>0.05) observed in total cholesterol, high density
lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein levels of egg yolk across the
treatments. However, diets had effect (P
Abstract: Digital images are widely used in computer
applications. To store or transmit the uncompressed images
requires considerable storage capacity and transmission bandwidth.
Image compression is a means to perform transmission or storage of
visual data in the most economical way. This paper explains about
how images can be encoded to be transmitted in a multiplexing
time-frequency domain channel. Multiplexing involves packing
signals together whose representations are compact in the working
domain. In order to optimize transmission resources each 4 × 4
pixel block of the image is transformed by a suitable polynomial
approximation, into a minimal number of coefficients. Less than
4 × 4 coefficients in one block spares a significant amount of
transmitted information, but some information is lost. Different
approximations for image transformation have been evaluated as
polynomial representation (Vandermonde matrix), least squares +
gradient descent, 1-D Chebyshev polynomials, 2-D Chebyshev
polynomials or singular value decomposition (SVD). Results have
been compared in terms of nominal compression rate (NCR),
compression ratio (CR) and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR)
in order to minimize the error function defined as the difference
between the original pixel gray levels and the approximated
polynomial output. Polynomial coefficients have been later encoded
and handled for generating chirps in a target rate of about two
chirps per 4 × 4 pixel block and then submitted to a transmission
multiplexing operation in the time-frequency domain.
Abstract: In this paper, the 2-D unsteady viscous flow around
two cam shaped cylinders in tandem arrangement is numerically
simulated in order to study the characteristics of the flow in turbulent
regimes. The investigation covers the effects of high subcritical and
supercritical Reynolds numbers and L/D ratio on total drag
coefficient. The equivalent diameter of cylinders is 27.6 mm The
space between center to center of two cam shaped cylinders is define
as longitudinal pitch ratio and it varies in range of 1.5< L/D
Abstract: We consider the problem of stabilization of an unstable
heat equation in a 2-D, 3-D and generally n-D domain by deriving a
generalized backstepping boundary control design methodology. To
stabilize the systems, we design boundary backstepping controllers
inspired by the 1-D unstable heat equation stabilization procedure.
We assume that one side of the boundary is hinged and the other
side is controlled for each direction of the domain. Thus, controllers
act on two boundaries for 2-D domain, three boundaries for 3-D
domain and ”n” boundaries for n-D domain. The main idea of the
design is to derive ”n” controllers for each of the dimensions by
using ”n” kernel functions. Thus, we obtain ”n” controllers for the
”n” dimensional case. We use a transformation to change the system
into an exponentially stable ”n” dimensional heat equation. The
transformation used in this paper is a generalized Volterra/Fredholm
type with ”n” kernel functions for n-D domain instead of the one
kernel function of 1-D design.
Abstract: The aim of the current work was to employ the finite
element method to model a slab, with a small hole across its width,
undergoing plastic plane strain deformation. The computational
model had, however, to be validated by comparing its results with
those obtained experimentally. Since they were in good agreement,
the finite element method can therefore be considered a reliable tool
that can help gain better understanding of the mechanism of ductile
failure in structural members having stress raisers. The finite element
software used was ANSYS, and the PLANE183 element was utilized.
It is a higher order 2-D, 8-node or 6-node element with quadratic
displacement behavior. A bilinear stress-strain relationship was used
to define the material properties, with constants similar to those of the
material used in the experimental study. The model was run for
several tensile loads in order to observe the progression of the plastic
deformation region, and the stress concentration factor was
determined in each case. The experimental study involved employing the visioplasticity
technique, where a circular mesh (each circle was 0.5 mm in
diameter, with 0.05 mm line thickness) was initially printed on the
side of an aluminum slab having a small hole across its width.
Tensile loading was then applied to produce a small increment of
plastic deformation. Circles in the plastic region became ellipses,
where the directions of the principal strains and stresses coincided
with the major and minor axes of the ellipses. Next, we were able to
determine the directions of the maximum and minimum shear
stresses at the center of each ellipse, and the slip-line field was then
constructed. We were then able to determine the stress at any point in
the plastic deformation zone, and hence the stress concentration
factor. The experimental results were found to be in good agreement
with the analytical ones.
Abstract: In this paper, we present a four-step ortho-rectification
procedure for real-time geo-referencing of video data from a low-cost
UAV equipped with a multi-sensor system. The basic procedures for
the real-time ortho-rectification are: (1) decompilation of the video
stream into individual frames; (2) establishing the interior camera
orientation parameters; (3) determining the relative orientation
parameters for each video frame with respect to each other; (4)
finding the absolute orientation parameters, using a self-calibration
bundle and adjustment with the aid of a mathematical model. Each
ortho-rectified video frame is then mosaicked together to produce a
mosaic image of the test area, which is then merged with a well
referenced existing digital map for the purpose of geo-referencing
and aerial surveillance. A test field located in Abuja, Nigeria was
used to evaluate our method. Video and telemetry data were collected
for about fifteen minutes, and they were processed using the four-step
ortho-rectification procedure. The results demonstrated that the
geometric measurement of the control field from ortho-images is
more accurate when compared with those from original perspective
images when used to pin point the exact location of targets on the
video imagery acquired by the UAV. The 2-D planimetric accuracy
when compared with the 6 control points measured by a GPS receiver
is between 3 to 5 metres.
Abstract: This study aims at developing a novel cold asphalt
concrete binder course mixture by using Ordinary Portland Cement
(OPC) as a replacement for conventional mineral filler (0%-100%)
with new by-product material (LJMU-A2) used as a supplementary
cementitious material. With this purpose, cold asphalt concrete binder
course mixtures with cationic emulsions were studied by means of
stiffness modulus whereas water sensitivity was assessed by
measuring the stiffness modulus ratio before and after sample
conditioning.
The results indicate that a substantial enhancement in the stiffness
modulus and a considerable improvement of water sensitivity
resistance is achieved by adding LJMU-A2 to the cold asphalt
mixtures as a supplementary cementitious material. Moreover, the
addition of LJMU-A2 to those mixtures leads to a stiffness modulus
after 2-day curing compared to that obtained with Portland cement,
which occurs after 7-day curing.
Abstract: In this paper, we are interested in the problem of
finding similar images in a large database. For this purpose we
propose a new algorithm based on a combination of the 2-D
histogram intersection in the HSV space and statistical moments. The
proposed histogram is based on a 3x3 window and not only on the
intensity of the pixel. This approach overcome the drawback of the
conventional 1-D histogram which is ignoring the spatial distribution
of pixels in the image, while the statistical moments are used to
escape the effects of the discretisation of the color space which is
intrinsic to the use of histograms. We compare the performance of
our new algorithm to various methods of the state of the art and we
show that it has several advantages. It is fast, consumes little memory
and requires no learning. To validate our results, we apply this
algorithm to search for similar images in different image databases.
Abstract: A compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) is a wellknown
non-imaging concentrator that will concentrate the solar
radiation onto receiver (PV cell). One of disadvantage of CPC is has
tall and narrow height compared to its diameter entry aperture area.
Therefore, for economic reason, a truncation had been done by
removed from the top of the full height CPC. This also will lead to
the decreases of concentration ratio but it will be negligible. In this
paper, the flux distribution of untruncated and truncated 2-D hollow
compound parabolic trough concentrator (hCPTC) design is
presented. The untruncated design has initial height H=193.4mm
with concentration ratio C_(2-D)=4. This paper presents the optical
simulation of compound parabolic trough concentrator using raytracing
software TracePro. Results showed that, after the truncation,
the height of CPC reduced 45% from initial height with the
geometrical concentration ratio only decrease 10%. Thus, the cost of
reflector and material dielectric usage can be saved especially at
manufacturing site.
Abstract: Damage status of RC buildings is greatly influenced
by the characteristics of the imposed ground motion. Peak Ground
Acceleration and frequency contents are considered the main two
factors that affect ground motion characteristics; hence, affecting the
seismic response of RC structures and consequently their damage
state. A detailed investigation on the combined effects of these two
factors on damage assessment of RC buildings is carried out. Twenty
one earthquake records are analyzed and arranged into three groups,
according to their frequency contents. These records are used in an
investigation to define the expected damage state that would be
attained by RC buildings, if subjected to varying ground motion
characteristics. The damage assessment is conducted through
examining drift ratios and damage indices of the overall structure and
the significant structural components of RC building. Base and story
shear of RC building model, are also investigated, for cases when the
model is subjected to the chosen twenty one earthquake records.
Nonlinear dynamic analyses are performed on a 2-dimensional model
of a 12-story RC building.
Abstract: High density electrical prospecting has been widely
used in groundwater investigation, civil engineering and
environmental survey. For efficient inversion, the forward modeling
routine, sensitivity calculation, and inversion algorithm must be
efficient. This paper attempts to provide a brief summary of the past
and ongoing developments of the method. It includes reviews of the
procedures used for data acquisition, processing and inversion of
electrical resistivity data based on compilation of academic literature.
In recent times there had been a significant evolution in field survey
designs and data inversion techniques for the resistivity method. In
general 2-D inversion for resistivity data is carried out using the
linearized least-square method with the local optimization technique
.Multi-electrode and multi-channel systems have made it possible to
conduct large 2-D, 3-D and even 4-D surveys efficiently to resolve
complex geological structures that were not possible with traditional
1-D surveys. 3-D surveys play an increasingly important role in very
complex areas where 2-D models suffer from artifacts due to off-line
structures. Continued developments in computation technology, as
well as fast data inversion techniques and software, have made it
possible to use optimization techniques to obtain model parameters to
a higher accuracy. A brief discussion on the limitations of the
electrical resistivity method has also been presented.
Abstract: This study presents an attempt to evaluate the
antioxidant potential and antimicrobial activity of methanolic extract,
and essential oils prepared from the leaves of sage (Salvia officinalis
L.). The content of polyphenol in the methanolic extracts from the
leaves of Salvia officinalis was determined spectrophotometrically,
calculated as gallic acid and catechin equivalent. The essential oils
and methanol extract were also subjected to screenings for the
evaluation of their antioxidant activities using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-
picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test. While the plant essential oils showed
only weak antioxidant activities, its methanol extract was
considerably active in DPPH (IC50 = 37.29 μg/ml) test. Appreciable
total polyphenol content (31.25 mg/g) was also detected for the plant
methanol extract as gallic acid equivalent in the Folin–Ciocalteu test.
The plant was also screened for its antimicrobial activity and good to
moderate inhibitions were recorded for its essential oils, and
methanol extracts against most of the tested microorganisms.
The present investigation revealed that this plant had rich source
of antioxidant properties. It is for this reason that sage has found
increasing application in food formulations.