A Novel Cold Asphalt Concrete Mixture for Heavily Trafficked Binder Course

This study aims at developing a novel cold asphalt concrete binder course mixture by using Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) as a replacement for conventional mineral filler (0%-100%) with new by-product material (LJMU-A2) used as a supplementary cementitious material. With this purpose, cold asphalt concrete binder course mixtures with cationic emulsions were studied by means of stiffness modulus whereas water sensitivity was assessed by measuring the stiffness modulus ratio before and after sample conditioning. The results indicate that a substantial enhancement in the stiffness modulus and a considerable improvement of water sensitivity resistance is achieved by adding LJMU-A2 to the cold asphalt mixtures as a supplementary cementitious material. Moreover, the addition of LJMU-A2 to those mixtures leads to a stiffness modulus after 2-day curing compared to that obtained with Portland cement, which occurs after 7-day curing.




References:
[1] Serfass, J., Poirier, J., Henrat, J. and Carbonneau, X., Influence of curing
on cold mix mechanical performance. Materials and Structures, 2004.
37: p. 365-68.
[2] Read, J. and Whiteoak, D., The Shell Bitumen Handbook - Fifth Edition.
2003, London. UK.
[3] O’Flaherty, C.A., Highways the Location, Design, Construction and
Maintanance of Road Pavements. 2007: Butterworth Heinemann.
[4] Jerkins, K.J., Mix design considerations for cold and half-warm
bituminous mixes with emphasis on foamed asphalt. 2000, University of
Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch: South Africa.
[5] Al-Busaltan, S., Al Nageim, H., Atherton, W. and Sharples, G.,
Mechanical Properties of an Upgrading Cold-Mix Asphalt Using Waste
Materials. Journal of materials in civil engineering 2012. 24(12): p.
1484-91.
[6] Doyle, T.A., McNally, C., Gibney, A. and Tabaković, A., Developing
maturity methods for the assessment of cold-mix bituminous materials.
Construction and Building Materials, 2013. 38: p. 524-29.
[7] Ibrahim, H.E. and Thom, N.H. The Effect of Emulsion Aggregate
Mixture Stiffness on Both Mixture and Pavement Design. In Proceeding
of the second European symposium on performance and Durability of
Bituminous Materials. 1997. University of Leeds.
[8] Brown, S.F. and Needham, D. A Study of Cement Modified Bitumen
Emulsion Mixtures. In Association of Asphalt Paving Technologists
Conference Proceeding (AAPT). 2000. Reno, Nevada
[9] Transport and Road Research Laboratory (TRRL), Bituminous Materials
in Road Construction, Crowthorne, Berkshire, England, 1969.
[10] Terrel, R.L. and Wang, C.K. Early curing behavior of cement modified
asphalt emulsion mixtures. In Association of Asphalt Paving
Technologists Conference Proceeding (AAPT). 1971.
[11] Head, R.W. An informal report of cold mix research using emulsified
asphalt as a binder. In Association of Asphalt Paving Technologists
Conference Proceeding (AAPT). 1974. USA.
[12] Schimdt, R.J., Santucci, L.E. and Coyne, L.D. Performance
characteristics of cement-modified asphalt emulsion mixes. in
Association of Asphalt Paving Technologists Conference Proceeding
(AAPT). 1973.
[13] Pouliot, N., Marchan, J.D. and Pigeon, M., Hydration mechanisms,
microstructure, and mechanical properties of mortars prepared with
mixed binder cement slurry-asphalt emulsion. Journal of Materials in
Civil Engineering, 2003. 15(1): p. 54-59.
[14] Oruc, S., Celik, F. and Akpinar, V., Effect of cement on emulsified
asphalt mixtures. J Mater Eng Perform, 2007. 16(5): p. 578-583.
[15] Thanaya, I.N.A., Forth, J.P. and Zoorob, S.E., A laboratory study on
cold-mix, cold-lay emulsion mixtures. Proceedings of the ICE -
Transport, 2009. 162(1): p. 47-55.
[16] Al-Hdabi, A., Al Nageim, H., Ruddock, F. and Seton, L., Enhancing the
Mechanical Properties of Gap Graded Cold Asphalt Containing Cement
Utilising By-Product Material. Journal of Civil Engineering and
Architecture, 2013. 7(5).
[17] Fang, X., Garcia, A., Winnefeld, F., Partl, M.N. and Lura, P., Impact of
rapid-hardening cements on mechanical properties of cement bitumen
emulsion asphalt. Materials and Structures, 2015.
[18] European Committee for Standardization, BS EN 13108: Part 1.
Bituminous mixtures materials specification-Asphalt Concrete. London,
UK: British Standard Institution, 2006.
[19] Asphalt Institute, Asphalt cold mix manual, manual series no.14 (MS-
14). Third edition, Lexington, KY 40512-4052, USA., 1989.
[20] European Committee for Standardization, BS EN 12697: Part 26.
Bituminous mixtures-test methods for hot mix asphalt- stiffness. London,
UK: British Standard Institution, 2012.
[21] European Committee for Standardization, BS EN 12697: Part 12.
Bituminous mixtures-test methods for hot mix asphalt-determination of
the water sensitivity of bituminous specimens. London, UK: British
Standard Institution, 2008.