Abstract: In this paper we present discretization and decomposition methods for a multi-component transport model of a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. CVD processes are used to manufacture deposition layers or bulk materials. In our transport model we simulate the deposition of thin layers. The microscopic model is based on the heavy particles, which are derived by approximately solving a linearized multicomponent Boltzmann equation. For the drift-process of the particles we propose diffusionreaction equations as well as for the effects of heat conduction. We concentrate on solving the diffusion-reaction equation with analytical and numerical methods. For the chemical processes, modelled with reaction equations, we propose decomposition methods and decouple the multi-component models to simpler systems of differential equations. In the numerical experiments we present the computational results of our proposed models.
Abstract: We succeeded to produce a high performance and flexible graphene/Manganese dioxide (G/MnO2) electrode coated on flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate. The graphene film is initially synthesized by drop-casting the graphene oxide (GO) solution on the PET substrate, followed by simultaneous reduction and patterning of the dried film using carbon dioxide (CO2) laser beam with power of 1.8 W. Potentiostatic Anodic Deposition method was used to deposit thin film of MnO2 with different loading mass 10 – 50 and 100 μg.cm-2 on the pre-prepared graphene film. The electrodes were fully characterized in terms of structure, morphology, and electrochemical performance. A maximum specific capacitance of 973 F.g-1 was attributed when depositing 50μg.cm-2 MnO2 on the laser reduced graphene oxide rGO (or G/50MnO2) and over 92% of its initial capacitance was retained after 1000 cycles. The good electrochemical performance and long-term cycling stability make our proposed approach a promising candidate in the supercapacitor applications.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the viewpoints in terms of changing distances and levels and thereby, comparatively analyze the visual sensitivity to the elements of the natural views. The questionnaire survey was conducted separately for experts and non-experts. Summing up, it was confirmed that the visual sensitivity to the elements of the same natural views differed significantly depending on subjects' professionalism, changes of the viewpoint levels and distances, while the visual sensitivity to 'openness of visual/view axes' did not differ significantly when only the distances of the viewpoints were varied. In addition, the visual sensitivity to visual/view axes differed between experts and ordinary people when the levels of the viewpoints were varied, while the visual sensitivity to 'damaged natural view resources' differed between two groups when the distances of the viewpoints were varied.
Abstract: Key performance indicators (KPIs) are used for post
result evaluation in the construction industry, and they normally do
not have provisions for changes. This paper proposes a set of
dynamic key performance indicators (d-KPIs) which predicts the
future performance of the activity being measured and presents the
opportunity to change practice accordingly. Critical to the
predictability of a construction project is the ability to achieve
automated data collection. This paper proposes an effective way to
collect the process and engineering management data from an
integrated construction management system. The d-KPI matrix,
consisting of various indicators under seven categories, developed
from this study can be applied to close monitoring of the
development projects of aged-care facilities. The d-KPI matrix also
enables performance measurement and comparison at both project
and organization levels.
Abstract: In this paper, an improvement of PDLZW implementation
with a new dictionary updating technique is proposed. A
unique dictionary is partitioned into hierarchical variable word-width
dictionaries. This allows us to search through dictionaries in parallel.
Moreover, the barrel shifter is adopted for loading a new input string
into the shift register in order to achieve a faster speed. However,
the original PDLZW uses a simple FIFO update strategy, which is
not efficient. Therefore, a new window based updating technique
is implemented to better classify the difference in how often each
particular address in the window is referred. The freezing policy
is applied to the address most often referred, which would not be
updated until all the other addresses in the window have the same
priority. This guarantees that the more often referred addresses would
not be updated until their time comes. This updating policy leads
to an improvement on the compression efficiency of the proposed
algorithm while still keep the architecture low complexity and easy
to implement.
Abstract: This paper reports the influence of sucrose on the
preservation of CO2 hydrate crystal samples. The particle diameter of
hydrate samples were 1.0 and 5.6-8.0 mm. Mass fraction of sucrose in
the sample was 0.16. The samples were stored at the aerated condition
under atmospheric pressure and at the temperature of 253 or 258 K.
The results indicated that the mass fractions of CO2 hydrate in the
samples with sucrose were 0.10 ± 0.03 at the end of 3-week
preservation, regardless of temperature and particle diameter. Mass
fraction of CO2 hydrate in the samples with sucrose was higher than
that of pure CO2 hydrate for 1.0 mm particle diameter, while was
lower than that of pure CO2 hydrate for 5.6-8.0 mm particle diameter.
Discussion is made on the influence of sucrose on the dissociation of
CO2 hydrate and the resulting formation of ice.
Abstract: In this paper, we analyze the effect of noise in a single- ended input differential amplifier working at high frequencies. Both extrinsic and intrinsic noise are analyzed using time domain method employing techniques from stochastic calculus. Stochastic differential equations are used to obtain autocorrelation functions of the output noise voltage and other solution statistics like mean and variance. The analysis leads to important design implications and suggests changes in the device parameters for improved noise characteristics of the differential amplifier.
Abstract: The effect of teaching method on learning
assistance Dunn Review .The study, to compare the effects of
collaboration on teaching mathematics learning courses, including
writing, science, experimental girl students by other methods of
teaching basic first paid and the amount of learning students
methods have been trained to cooperate with other students with
other traditional methods have been trained to compare. The
survey on 100 students in Tehran that using random sampling ¬
cluster of girl students between the first primary selections was
performed. Considering the topic of semi-experimental research
methods used to practice the necessary information by
questionnaire, examination questions by the researcher, in
collaboration with teachers and view authority in this field and
related courses that teach these must have been collected.
Research samples to test and control groups were divided.
Experimental group and control group collaboration using
traditional methods of mathematics courses, including writing and
experimental sciences were trained. Research results using
statistical methods T is obtained in two independent groups show
that, through training assistance will lead to positive results and
student learning in comparison with traditional methods, will
increase also led to collaboration methods increase skills to solve
math lesson practice, better understanding and increased skill
level of students in practical lessons such as science and has been
writing.
Abstract: Long number multiplications (n ≥ 128-bit) are a
primitive in most cryptosystems. They can be performed better by
using Karatsuba-Ofman technique. This algorithm is easy to
parallelize on workstation network and on distributed memory, and
it-s known as the practical method of choice. Multiplying long
numbers using Karatsuba-Ofman algorithm is fast but is highly
recursive. In this paper, we propose different designs of
implementing Karatsuba-Ofman multiplier. A mixture of sequential
and combinational system design techniques involving pipelining is
applied to our proposed designs. Multiplying large numbers can be
adapted flexibly to time, area and power criteria. Computationally
and occupation constrained in embedded systems such as: smart
cards, mobile phones..., multiplication of finite field elements can be
achieved more efficiently. The proposed designs are compared to
other existing techniques. Mathematical models (Area (n), Delay (n))
of our proposed designs are also elaborated and evaluated on
different FPGAs devices.
Abstract: A special case of floating point data representation is block
floating point format where a block of operands are forced to have a joint
exponent term. This paper deals with the finite wordlength properties of
this data format. The theoretical errors associated with the error model for
block floating point quantization process is investigated with the help of error
distribution functions. A fast and easy approximation formula for calculating
signal-to-noise ratio in quantization to block floating point format is derived.
This representation is found to be a useful compromise between fixed point
and floating point format due to its acceptable numerical error properties over
a wide dynamic range.
Abstract: Malaysian corporations going global increased
many folds. The shift from domestic to international operations
requires increased expatriation to achieve global business goals.
Therefore, this study aims to identify the determinants for success
in expatriation of Malaysian international corporations. There are
certain attributes necessary for a global employee to succeed in
international assignment. Self-administered questionnaires were
sent to 327 respondents with a response rate of 35.2 percent. The
results indicated that most Malaysian manufacturers are involved
in expatriation. For a global employee to succeed in an
international assignment, the ability to work in international teams
was identified and ranked as the most important factor in
determining the effectiveness of expatriation followed by language
proficiency, adaptability to the international assignment and
expatriate sensitivity to cultural elements. The results support
previous research with regard to the importance of an effective
expatriation selection process in order for a company-s
international expansion strategy to succeed.
Abstract: Stochastic modeling of network traffic is an area of
significant research activity for current and future broadband
communication networks. Multimedia traffic is statistically
characterized by a bursty variable bit rate (VBR) profile. In this
paper, we develop an improved model for uniform activity level
video sources in ATM using a doubly stochastic autoregressive
model driven by an underlying spatial point process. We then
examine a number of burstiness metrics such as the peak-to-average
ratio (PAR), the temporal autocovariance function (ACF) and the
traffic measurements histogram. We found that the former measure is
most suitable for capturing the burstiness of single scene video
traffic. In the last phase of this work, we analyse statistical
multiplexing of several constant scene video sources. This proved,
expectedly, to be advantageous with respect to reducing the
burstiness of the traffic, as long as the sources are statistically
independent. We observed that the burstiness was rapidly
diminishing, with the largest gain occuring when only around 5
sources are multiplexed. The novel model used in this paper for
characterizing uniform activity video was thus found to be an
accurate model.
Abstract: The economical criterion is accounted as the objective
function to develop a computer program for designing lightning
protection systems for substations by using masts and Matlab in this
work. Masts are needed to be placed at desired locations; the program
will then show mast heights whose sum is the smallest, i.e. satisfies
the economical criterion. The program is helpful for engineers to
quickly design a lightning protection system for a substation. To
realize this work, methodology and limited conditions of the program,
as well as an example of the program result, were described in this
paper.
Abstract: This paper provides a framework in order to
incorporate reliability issue as a sign of disruption in distribution
systems and partial covering theory as a response to limitation in
coverage radios and economical preferences, simultaneously into the
traditional literatures of capacitated facility location problems. As a
result we develop a bi-objective model based on the discrete
scenarios for expected cost minimization and demands coverage
maximization through a three echelon supply chain network by
facilitating multi-capacity levels for provider side layers and
imposing gradual coverage function for distribution centers (DCs).
Additionally, in spite of objectives aggregation for solving the model
through LINGO software, a branch of LP-Metric method called Min-
Max approach is proposed and different aspects of corresponds
model will be explored.
Abstract: This research simulates one of the natural phenomena,
the ocean wave. Our goal is to be able to simulate the ocean wave at
real-time rate with the water surface interacting with objects. The
wave in this research is calm and smooth caused by the force of the
wind above the ocean surface. In order to make the simulation of the
wave real-time, the implementation of the GPU and the
multithreading techniques are used here. Based on the fact that the
new generation CPUs, for personal computers, have multi cores, they
are useful for the multithread. This technique utilizes more than one
core at a time. This simulation is programmed by C language with
OpenGL. To make the simulation of the wave look more realistic, we
applied an OpenGL technique called cube mapping (environmental
mapping) to make water surface reflective and more realistic.
Abstract: Bode stability analysis based on transmission line
modeling (TLM) for single wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT)
interconnects used in 3D-VLSI circuits is investigated for the first
time. In this analysis, the dependence of the degree of relative
stability for SWCNT interconnects on the geometry of each tube has
been acquired. It is shown that, increasing the length and diameter of
each tube, SWCNT interconnects become more stable.
Abstract: In the open space of decision support system the
mental impression of a manager-s decision has been the subject of
large importance than the ordinary famous one, when helped by
decision support system. Much of this study is an attempt to realize
the relation of decision support system usage and decision outcomes
that governs the system. For example, several researchers have
proposed so many different models to analyze the linkage between
decision support system processes and results of decision making.
This study draws the important relation of manager-s mental
approach with the use of decision support system. The findings of
this paper are theoretical attempts to provide Decision Support
System (DSS) in a way to exhibit and promote the learning in semi
structured area. The proposed model shows the points of one-s
learning improvements and maintains a theoretical approach in order
to explore the DSS contribution in enhancing the decision forming
and governing the system.
Abstract: Iranians- imagination of heaven, which is the reward
of a person-s good deeds during their life, has shown itself in
pleasant and green gardens where earthly gardens were made as
representations of paradise. Iranians are also quite interested in
making their earthly gardens and plantations around their buildings.
With Iran-s hot and dry climate with a lack of sufficient water for
plantation coverage, it becomes noticeable how important it is to
Iranians- art in making gardens. This study, with regard to examples,
documents and library studies, investigates the characteristics of
Persian gardens. The result shows that elements such as soil, water,
plants and layout have been used in forming a unique style of Persian
gardens. Bagh-e Shah Zadeh Mahan (Mahan prince garden) is a
typical example and has been carefully studied. In this paper I try to
investigate and evaluate the characteristics of a Persian garden by
means of a descriptive approach.
Abstract: In this paper usefulness of quasi-Newton iteration
procedure in parameters estimation of the conditional variance
equation within BHHH algorithm is presented. Analytical solution of
maximization of the likelihood function using first and second
derivatives is too complex when the variance is time-varying. The
advantage of BHHH algorithm in comparison to the other
optimization algorithms is that requires no third derivatives with
assured convergence. To simplify optimization procedure BHHH
algorithm uses the approximation of the matrix of second derivatives
according to information identity. However, parameters estimation in
a/symmetric GARCH(1,1) model assuming normal distribution of
returns is not that simple, i.e. it is difficult to solve it analytically.
Maximum of the likelihood function can be founded by iteration
procedure until no further increase can be found. Because the
solutions of the numerical optimization are very sensitive to the
initial values, GARCH(1,1) model starting parameters are defined.
The number of iterations can be reduced using starting values close
to the global maximum. Optimization procedure will be illustrated in
framework of modeling volatility on daily basis of the most liquid
stocks on Croatian capital market: Podravka stocks (food industry),
Petrokemija stocks (fertilizer industry) and Ericsson Nikola Tesla
stocks (information-s-communications industry).
Abstract: The customer satisfaction for textile sector carries
great importance like the customer satisfaction for other sectors
carry. Especially, if it is considered that gaining new customers
create four times more costs than protecting existing customers from
leaving, it can be seen that the customer satisfaction plays a great
role for the firms. In this study the affecting independent variables of
customer satisfaction are chosen as brand image, perceived service
quality and perceived product quality. By these independent
variables, it is investigated that if any differences exist in perception
of customer satisfaction according to the Turkish textile consumers in
the view of gender. In data analysis of this research the SPSS
program is used.