Abstract: This paper describes a novel monitoring scheme to
minimize total active power in digital circuits depend on the demand
frequency, by adjusting automatically both supply voltage and
threshold voltages based on circuit operating conditions such as
temperature, process variations, and desirable frequency. The delay
monitoring results, will be control and apply so as to be maintained at
the minimum value at which the chip is able to operate for a given
clock frequency. Design details of power monitor are examined using
simulation framework in 32nm BTPM model CMOS process.
Experimental results show the overhead of proposed circuit in terms
of its power consumption is about 40 μW for 32nm technology;
moreover the results show that our proposed circuit design is not far
sensitive to the temperature variations and also process variations.
Besides, uses the simple blocks which offer good sensitivity, high
speed, the continuously feedback loop. This design provides up to
40% reduction in power consumption in active mode.
Abstract: The scientific perspective, the practice area of physical education and sports activities improve power capacity in all its forms of expression, being a generator of the research topics. Today theories that strength training athletes and slow down development progress will affect the strength and flexibility are discredited. On the other hand there are sectors and / or samples whose results are sports of the way higher manifestation of power as a result of the composition of the force and velocity, being based in this respect on the systematic and continuous development of both bio-motric capacities said. Training of force for children was and is controversial. Teama de accidentări sau a stopării premature a procesului de creştere a făcut ca în trecut copiii să fie ţinuţi departe de lucrul cu diferite greutăţi.Fear of injury or premature stop the growth process in the past made the children to be kept away from working with different weights. Recent studies have shown that the risk of accidents is relatively small and the strength training can help prevent them. For example, most accidents occur at the level of athletics ligaments and tendons. From this point of view, it can be said that a progressive intervention of force training, optimal design, will help enhancing their process, such as athlete much better prepared to meet training requests and competitions. Preparation of force provides a solid basis for further phases in the highest performance.
Abstract: Carbon fibers are fabricated from different materials,
such as special polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers, rayon fibers and pitch.
Among these three groups of materials, PAN fibers are the most
widely used precursor for the manufacture of carbon fibers. The
process of fabrication carbon fibers from special PAN fibers includes
two steps; oxidative stabilization at low temperature and
carbonization at high temperatures in an inert atmosphere. Due to the
high price of raw materials (special PAN fibers), carbon fibers are
still expensive.
In the present work the main goal is making carbon fibers from
low price commercial PAN fibers with modified chemical
compositions. The results show that in case of conducting completes
stabilization process, it is possible to produce carbon fibers with
desirable tensile strength from this type of PAN fibers. To this
matter, thermal characteristics of commercial PAN fibers were
investigated and based upon the obtained results, with some changes
in conventional procedure of stabilization in terms of temperature
and time variables; the desirable conditions of complete stabilization
is achieved.
Abstract: This paper is concerned with the study of mineralogy
and engineering characteristics of soil materials derived from the
eastern part of Nile Delta. The clay minerals of the studied soil by
using X- ray diffraction are mainly illite (average 72.6 %) and
kaolinite (average 2.6 %), expandable portion in illite-smectite mixed
layer (average 7 %). Smectite is more abundant in fluviatile clays,
whereas kaolinite is more abundant in lagoonal clays. On the other
hand, illite and illite-smectite are more abundant in marine clays. The
geotechnical results show that the soil under study consists mainly of
about 0.3 % gravel, 5 % sand, 51.5 % silt and 42.2 % clay in average.
The average shrinkage limit attains 11 % whereas the average value
of the plasticity index is 23.4 %. The free swelling ranges from 40 %
to 75 % and has a value of 55 % giving an indication about the
inadequacy of such soil under foundations.
From a construction point of view, the soil under investigation
poses many problems even under light foundations due to the
swelling and shrinkage. Such swelling and shrinkage is due to the
high content of soil materials in the expandable clay minerals of illite
and smectite. Based on the results of the present and earlier studies,
trial application of soil stabilisation is recommended.
Abstract: In this paper a systematic method via H∞ control
design is proposed to select a sensor set that satisfies a number
of input criteria for a MAGLEV suspension system. The proposed
method recovers a number of optimised controllers for each possible
sensor set that satisfies the performance and constraint criteria using
evolutionary algorithms.
Abstract: The mountain road slope failures triggered by
earthquake activities and torrential rain namely to create the disaster.
Province Road No. 24 is a main route to the Wutai Township. The area
of the study is located at the mileages between 46K and 47K along the
road. However, the road has been suffered frequent damages as a result
of landslide and slope failures during typhoon seasons. An
understanding of the sliding behaviors in the area appears to be
necessary. Slope failures triggered by earthquake activities and heavy
rainfalls occur frequently. The study is to understand the mechanism
of slope failures and to look for the way to deal with the situation. In
order to achieve these objectives, this paper is based on theoretical and
structural geology data interpretation program to assess the potential
slope sliding behavior. The study showed an intimate relationship
between the landslide behavior of the slopes and the stratum materials,
based on structural geology analysis method to analysis slope stability
and finds the slope safety coefficient to predict the sites of destroyed
layer. According to the case study and parameter analyses results, the
slope mainly slips direction compared to the site located in the
southeast area. Find rainfall to result in the rise of groundwater level is
main reason of the landslide mechanism. Future need to set up
effective horizontal drain at corrective location, that can effective
restrain mountain road slope failures and increase stability of slope.
Abstract: In this paper we will develop further the sequential
life test approach presented in a previous article by [1] using an
underlying two parameter Weibull sampling distribution. The
minimum life will be considered equal to zero. We will again provide
rules for making one of the three possible decisions as each
observation becomes available; that is: accept the null hypothesis H0;
reject the null hypothesis H0; or obtain additional information by
making another observation. The product being analyzed is a new
type of a low alloy-high strength steel product. To estimate the shape
and the scale parameters of the underlying Weibull model we will use
a maximum likelihood approach for censored failure data. A new
example will further develop the proposed sequential life testing
approach.
Abstract: Most of the concurrent transactional protocols consider
serializability as a correctness criterion of the transactions execution.
Usually, the proof of the serializability relies on mathematical proofs
for a fixed finite number of transactions. In this paper, we introduce
a protocol to deal with an infinite number of transactions which are
iterated infinitely often. We specify serializability of the transactions
and the protocol using a specification language based on temporal
logics. It is worthwhile using temporal logics such as LTL (Lineartime
Temporal Logic) to specify transactions, to gain full automatic
verification by using model checkers.
Abstract: An effect of rolling temperature on the mechanical properties and microstructural evolution of an Al-Mg-Si alloy was studied. The material was rolled up to a true strain of ~0.7 at three different temperatures viz; room temperature, liquid propanol and liquid nitrogen. The liquid nitrogen rolled sample exhibited superior properties with a yield and tensile strength of 332 MPa and 364 MPa, respectively, with a reasonably good ductility of ~9%. The liquid nitrogen rolled sample showed around 54 MPa increase in tensile strength without much reduction in the ductility as compared to the as received T6 condition alloy. The microstructural details revealed equiaxed grains in the annealed and solutionized sample and elongated grains in the rolled samples. In addition, the cryorolled samples exhibited fine grain structure compared to the room temperature rolled samples.
Abstract: This paper present a new method for design of power
system stabilizer (PSS) based on sliding mode control (SMC)
technique. The control objective is to enhance stability and improve
the dynamic response of the multi-machine power system. In order to
test effectiveness of the proposed scheme, simulation will be carried
out to analyze the small signal stability characteristics of the system
about the steady state operating condition following the change in
reference mechanical torque and also parameters uncertainties. For
comparison, simulation of a conventional control PSS (lead-lag
compensation type) will be carried out. The main approach is
focusing on the control performance which later proven to have the
degree of shorter reaching time and lower spike.
Abstract: The requirements analysis, modeling, and simulation have consistently been one of the main challenges during the development of complex systems. The scenarios and the state machines are two successful models to describe the behavior of an interactive system. The scenarios represent examples of system execution in the form of sequences of messages exchanged between objects and are a partial view of the system. In contrast, state machines can represent the overall system behavior. The automation of processing scenarios in the state machines provide some answers to various problems such as system behavior validation and scenarios consistency checking. In this paper, we propose a method for translating scenarios in state machines represented by Discreet EVent Specification and procedure to detect implied scenarios. Each induced DEVS model represents the behavior of an object of the system. The global system behavior is described by coupling the atomic DEVS models and validated through simulation. We improve the validation process with integrating formal methods to eliminate logical inconsistencies in the global model. For that end, we use the Z notation.
Abstract: The tree structured approach of non-uniform filterbank
(NUFB) is normally used in perfect reconstruction (PR). The PR is
not always feasible due to certain limitations, i.e, constraints in
selecting design parameters, design complexity and some times
output is severely affected by aliasing error if necessary and
sufficient conditions of PR is not satisfied perfectly. Therefore, there
has been generalized interest of researchers to go for near perfect
reconstruction (NPR). In this proposed work, an optimized tree
structure technique is used for the design of NPR non-uniform
filterbank. Window functions of Blackman family are used to design
the prototype FIR filter. A single variable linear optimization is used
to minimize the amplitude distortion. The main feature of the
proposed design is its simplicity with linear phase property.
Abstract: Ringing effect is one of the most annoying visual
artifacts in digital video. It is a significant factor of subjective quality
deterioration. However, there is a widely-accepted misunderstanding
of its cause. In this paper, we propose a reasonable interpretation of the
cause of ringing effect. Based on the interpretation, we suggest further
two methods to reduce ringing effect in DCT-based video coding. The
methods adaptively adjust quantizers according to video features. Our
experiments proved that the methods could efficiently improve
subjective quality with acceptable additional computing costs.
Abstract: Authentication of multimedia contents has gained much attention in recent times. In this paper, we propose a secure semi-fragile watermarking, with a choice of two watermarks to be embedded. This technique operates in integer wavelet domain and makes use of semi fragile watermarks for achieving better robustness. A self-recovering algorithm is employed, that hides the image digest into some Wavelet subbands to detect possible malevolent object manipulation undergone by the image (object replacing and/or deletion). The Semi-fragility makes the scheme tolerant for JPEG lossy compression as low as quality of 70%, and locate the tempered area accurately. In addition, the system ensures more security because the embedded watermarks are protected with private keys. The computational complexity is reduced using parameterized integer wavelet transform. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme guarantees the safety of watermark, image recovery and location of the tempered area accurately.
Abstract: The Expert Witness Testimony in the Battered
Woman Syndrome Expert witness testimony (EWT) is a kind of
information given by an expert specialized in the field (here in BWS)
to the jury in order to help the court better understand the case. EWT
does not always work in favor of the battered women. Two main
decision-making models are discussed in the paper: the Mathematical
model and the Explanation model. In the first model, the jurors
calculate ″the importance and strength of each piece of evidence″
whereas in the second model they try to integrate the EWT with the
evidence and create a coherent story that would describe the crime.
The jury often misunderstands and misjudges battered women for
their action (or in this case inaction). They assume that these women
are masochists and accept being mistreated for if a man abuses a
woman constantly, she should and could divorce him or simply leave
at any time. The research in the domain found that indeed, expert
witness testimony has a powerful influence on juror’s decisions thus
its quality needs to be further explored. One of the important factors
that need further studies is a bias called the dispositionist worldview
(a belief that what happens to people is of their own doing). This
kind of attributional bias represents a tendency to think that a
person’s behavior is due to his or her disposition, even when the
behavior is clearly attributed to the situation. Hypothesis The
hypothesis of this paper is that if a juror has a dispositionist
worldview then he or she will blame the rape victim for triggering the
assault. The juror would therefore commit the fundamental
attribution error and believe that the victim’s disposition caused the
rape and not the situation she was in. Methods The subjects in the
study were 500 randomly sampled undergraduate students from
McGill, Concordia, Université de Montréal and UQAM.
Dispositional Worldview was scored on the Dispositionist
Worldview Questionnaire. After reading the Rape Scenarios, each
student was asked to play the role of a juror and answer a
questionnaire consisting of 7 questions about the responsibility,
causality and fault of the victim. Results The results confirm the
hypothesis which states that if a juror has a dispositionist worldview
then he or she will blame the rape victim for triggering the assault.
By doing so, the juror commits the fundamental attribution error
because he will believe that the victim’s disposition, and not the
constraints or opportunities of the situation, caused the rape scenario.
Abstract: Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)
has developed into a popular scheme for wideband digital
communications used in consumer applications such as digital broadcasting, wireless networking and broadband internet access. In
the OFDM system, carrier frequency offset (CFO) causes intercarrier
interference (ICI) which significantly degrades the system error performance. In this paper we provide an exact evaluation method for error performance analysis of arbitrary 2-D modulation OFDM systems with CFO, and analyze the effect of CFO on error performance.
Abstract: Estimation of stormwater pollutants is a pre-requisite
for the protection and improvement of the aquatic environment and
for appropriate management options. The usual practice for the
stormwater quality prediction is performed through water quality
modeling. However, the accuracy of the prediction by the models
depends on the proper estimation of model parameters. This paper
presents the estimation of model parameters for a catchment water
quality model developed for the continuous simulation of stormwater
pollutants from a catchment to the catchment outlet. The model is
capable of simulating the accumulation and transportation of the
stormwater pollutants; suspended solids (SS), total nitrogen (TN) and
total phosphorus (TP) from a particular catchment. Rainfall and water
quality data were collected for the Hotham Creek Catchment (HTCC),
Gold Coast, Australia. Runoff calculations from the developed model
were compared with the calculated discharges from the widely used
hydrological models, WBNM and DRAINS. Based on the measured
water quality data, model water quality parameters were calibrated
for the above-mentioned catchment. The calibrated parameters are
expected to be helpful for the best management practices (BMPs)
of the region. Sensitivity analyses of the estimated parameters were
performed to assess the impacts of the model parameters on overall
model estimations of runoff water quality.
Abstract: This paper presents an application of power line
carrier (PLC) for electrical power telemetering. This system has a
special capability of transmitting the measured values to a centralized
computer via power lines. The PLC modem as a passive high-pass
filter is designed for transmitting and receiving information. Its
function is to send the information carrier together with transmitted
data by superimposing it on the 50 Hz power frequency signal. A
microcontroller is employed to function as the main processing of the
modem. It is programmed for PLC control and interfacing with other
devices. Each power meter, connected via a PLC modem, is assigned
with a unique identification number (address) for distinguishing each
device from one another.
Abstract: The current study aims at investigating the
relationship between the learners- integrative and instrumental
motivation and English proficiency among Iranian EFL learners. The
participants in this study consisted of 128 undergraduate university
students including 64 males and 64 females, majoring in English as a
foreign language, from Shiraz Azad University. Two research
instruments were used to gather the needed data for this study: 1)
Language Proficiency Test. 2) A scale on motivation which
determines the type of the EFL learners- motivation. Correlatin
coefficient and t-test were used to analyze the collected data and the
main result was found as follows: There is a significant relationship
between the integrative motivation and instrumental motivation with
English proficiency among EFL learners of Shiraz Azad University.
Abstract: This research is intended to develop a raw material allocation model in timber processing industry in Perum Perhutani Unit I, Central Java, Indonesia. The model can be used to determine the quantity of allocation of timber between chain in the supply chain to select supplier considering factors that are log price and the distance. In determining the quantity of allocation of timber between chains in the supply chain, the model considers the optimal inventory in each chain. Whilst the optimal inventory is determined based on demand forecast, the capacity and safety stock. Problem solving allocation is conducted by developing linear programming model that aims to minimize the total cost of the purchase, transportation cost and storage costs at each chain. The results of numerical examples show that the proposed model can generate savings of the purchase cost of 20.84% and select suppliers with mileage closer.