Abstract: In this work, several ASP solutions were flooded into
fractured models initially saturated with heavy oil at a constant flow
rate and different geometrical characteristics of fracture. The ASP
solutions are constituted from 2 polymers i.e. a synthetic polymer,
hydrolyzed polyacrylamide as well as a biopolymer, a surfactant and
2types of alkaline. The results showed that using synthetic
hydrolyzed polyacrylamide polymer increases ultimate oil recovery;
however, type of alkaline does not play a significant rule on oil
recovery. In addition, position of the injection well respect to the
fracture system has remarkable effects on ASP flooding. For instance
increasing angle of fractures with mean flow direction causes more
oil recovery and delays breakthrough time. This work can be
accounted as a comprehensive survey on ASP flooding which
considers most of effective factors in this chemical EOR method.
Abstract: The deviation between the target state variable and the
practical state variable should be used to form the state tending factor
of complex systems, which can reflect the process for the complex
system to tend rationalization. Relating to the system of basic
equations of complete factor synergetics consisting of twenty
nonlinear stochastic differential equations, the two new models are
considered to set, which should be called respectively the
rationalizing tendency model and the non- rationalizing tendency
model. Therefore we can extend the theory of programming with the
objective function & constraint condition suitable only for the realm
of man-s activities into the new analysis with the tendency function &
constraint condition suitable for all the field of complex system.
Abstract: Semantic Web Technologies enable machines to
interpret data published in a machine-interpretable form on the web.
At the present time, only human beings are able to understand the
product information published online. The emerging semantic Web
technologies have the potential to deeply influence the further
development of the Internet Economy. In this paper we propose a
scenario based research approach to predict the effects of these new
technologies on electronic markets and business models of traders
and intermediaries and customers. Over 300 million searches are
conducted everyday on the Internet by people trying to find what
they need. A majority of these searches are in the domain of
consumer ecommerce, where a web user is looking for something to
buy. This represents a huge cost in terms of people hours and an
enormous drain of resources. Agent enabled semantic search will
have a dramatic impact on the precision of these searches. It will
reduce and possibly eliminate information asymmetry where a better
informed buyer gets the best value. By impacting this key
determinant of market prices semantic web will foster the evolution
of different business and economic models. We submit that there is a
need for developing these futuristic models based on our current
understanding of e-commerce models and nascent semantic web
technologies. We believe these business models will encourage
mainstream web developers and businesses to join the “semantic web
revolution."
Abstract: Green house effect has becomes a serious concern in
many countries due to the increase consumption of the fossil fuel.
There have been many studies to find an alternative power source.
Wind energy found to be one of the most useful solutions to help in
overcoming the air pollution and global. There is no agreed solution
to conversion of wind energy to electrical energy. In this paper, the
advantages of using a Switched Reluctance Generator (SRG) for
wind energy applications. The theoretical study of the self excitation
of a SRG and the determination of the variable parameters in a SRG
design are discussed. The design parameters for the maximum power
output of the SRG are computed using Matlab simulation. The
designs of the circuit to control the variable parameters in a SRG to
provide the maximum power output are also discussed.
Abstract: In this paper, subtractive clustering based fuzzy inference system approach is used for early detection of faults in the function oriented software systems. This approach has been tested with real time defect datasets of NASA software projects named as PC1 and CM1. Both the code based model and joined model (combination of the requirement and code based metrics) of the datasets are used for training and testing of the proposed approach. The performance of the models is recorded in terms of Accuracy, MAE and RMSE values. The performance of the proposed approach is better in case of Joined Model. As evidenced from the results obtained it can be concluded that Clustering and fuzzy logic together provide a simple yet powerful means to model the earlier detection of faults in the function oriented software systems.
Abstract: An experimental study of anaerobic treatment was performed by hybrid upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (HUASB) reactor to treat produced water (PW) of an onshore crude oil terminal (COD: 1597 mg/L, NH3-N: 14.7 mg/L, phenol: 13.8 mg/L, BOD5: 862 mg/L, sodium: 6240 mg/L and chloride 9530 mg/L). The produced water with high salinity and other toxic substances will inhibit the methanogens performance if there is no adaptation on biomass before anaerobic digestion. COD removal from produced water was investigated at five different dilutions of produced water and tap water (TW) without any nutrient addition and pre-treatment. The dilution ratios were 1PW:4TW, 2PW:3TW, 3PW:2TW, 4PW:1TW and 5PW:0TW. The reactor was evaluated at mesophilic operating condition (35 ± 2 °C) at 5 days of HRT for 250 days continuous feed. The average COD removals for 1PW:4TW, 2PW:3TW, 3PW:2TW, 4PW:1TW and 5PW:0TW were found to be approximately 76.1%, 73.8%, 70.3%, 46.3% and 61.82% respectively, with final average effluent COD of 123.7 mg/L, 240 mg/L, 294 mg/L, 589 mg/L and 738 mg/L, respectively.
Abstract: The charge-pump circuit is an important component in a phase-locked loop (PLL). The charge-pump converts Up and Down signals from the phase/frequency detector (PFD) into current. A conventional CMOS charge-pump circuit consists of two switched current sources that pump charge into or out of the loop filter according to two logical inputs. The mismatch between the charging current and the discharging current causes phase offset and reference spurs in a PLL. We propose a new charge-pump circuit to reduce the current mismatch by using a regulated cascode circuit. The proposed charge-pump circuit is designed and simulated by spectre with TSMC 0.18-μm 1.8-V CMOS technology.
Abstract: In order to improve the effect of isolation structure, the
principles and behaviours of the base-isolation system are studied, and
the types and characteristics of the base-isolation are also discussed.
Compared to the traditional aseismatic structures, the base isolation
structures decrease the seismic response obviously: the total structural
aseismatic value decreases to 1/4-1/32 and the seismic shear stress in
the upper structure decreases to 1/14-1/23. In the huge seism, the
structure can have an obvious aseismatic effect.
Abstract: Socioeconomic stability and development of a
country, can be describe by housing affordability. It is aimed to
ensure the housing provided as one of the key factors that is
affordable by every income earner group whether low-income,
middle income and high income group. This research carried out is to
find out affordability of home ownership level for first medium cost
landed-house by the middle-income group in Selangor, Malaysia. It is
also hope that it could be seen as able to contribute to the knowledge
and understanding on housing affordability level for the middleincome
group and variables that influenced the medium income
group-s ability to own first medium-cost houses.
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to determine the stress levels
at the end of a long slender shaft such as a drilling assembly used in
the oil or gas industry using a mathematical model in real-time. The
torsional deflection experienced by this type of drilling shaft (about 4
KM length and 20 cm diameter hollow shaft with a thickness of 1
cm) can only be determined using a distributed modeling technique.
The main objective of this project is to calculate angular velocity and
torque at the end of the shaft by TLM method and also analyzing of
the behavior of the system by transient response. The obtained result
is compared with lumped modeling technique the importance of these
results will be evident only after the mentioned comparison. Two
systems have different transient responses and in this project because
of the length of the shaft transient response is very important.
Abstract: In this research the separation efficiency of deoiling hydrocyclone is evaluated using three-dimensional simulation of multiphase flow based on Eulerian-Eulerian finite volume method. The mixture approach of Reynolds Stress Model is also employed to capture the features of turbulent multiphase swirling flow. The obtained separation efficiency of Colman's design is compared with available experimental data and showed that the separation curve of deoiling hydrocyclones can be predicted using numerical simulation.
Abstract: The paper is dealing by testing of ceramic cutting
tools with an interrupted machining. Tests will be provided on fixture
– interrupted cut simulator. This simulator has 4 mouldings on
circumference and cutting edge is put a shocks during 1 revolution.
Criteria of tool wear are destruction of cutting tool or 6000 shocks.
Like testing cutting tool material will be products of Sandvik
Coromant 6190, 620, 650 and 670. Machined materials was be steels
15 128 (13MoCrV6). Cutting speed (408 m.min-1 and 580 m.min-1)
and cutting feed (0,15 mm; 0,2 mm; 0,25 mm and 0,3 mm) were
variable parameters and cutting depth was constant parameter.
Abstract: The network traffic data provided for the design of
intrusion detection always are large with ineffective information and
enclose limited and ambiguous information about users- activities.
We study the problems and propose a two phases approach in our
intrusion detection design. In the first phase, we develop a
correlation-based feature selection algorithm to remove the worthless
information from the original high dimensional database. Next, we
design an intrusion detection method to solve the problems of
uncertainty caused by limited and ambiguous information. In the
experiments, we choose six UCI databases and DARPA KDD99
intrusion detection data set as our evaluation tools. Empirical studies
indicate that our feature selection algorithm is capable of reducing the
size of data set. Our intrusion detection method achieves a better
performance than those of participating intrusion detectors.
Abstract: The zero truncated model is usually used in modeling
count data without zero. It is the opposite of zero inflated model.
Zero truncated Poisson and zero truncated negative binomial models
are discussed and used by some researchers in analyzing the
abundance of rare species and hospital stay. Zero truncated models
are used as the base in developing hurdle models. In this study, we
developed a new model, the zero truncated strict arcsine model,
which can be used as an alternative model in modeling count data
without zero and with extra variation. Two simulated and one real
life data sets are used and fitted into this developed model. The
results show that the model provides a good fit to the data. Maximum
likelihood estimation method is used in estimating the parameters.
Abstract: Nowadays, there is little information, concerning the
heat shield systems, and this information is not completely reliable to
use in so many cases. for example, the precise calculation cannot be
done for various materials. In addition, the real scale test has two
disadvantages: high cost and low flexibility, and for each case we
must perform a new test. Hence, using numerical modeling program
that calculates the surface recession rate and interior temperature
distribution is necessary. Also, numerical solution of governing
equation for non-charring material ablation is presented in order to
anticipate the recession rate and the heat response of non-charring
heat shields. the governing equation is nonlinear and the Newton-
Rafson method along with TDMA algorithm is used to solve this
nonlinear equation system. Using Newton- Rafson method for
solving the governing equation is one of the advantages of the
solving method because this method is simple and it can be easily
generalized to more difficult problems. The obtained results
compared with reliable sources in order to examine the accuracy of
compiling code.
Abstract: ELS is an important ground based hardware in the
loop simulator used for aerodynamics torque loading experiments
of the actuators under test. This work focuses on improvement of the
transient response of torque controller with parameters uncertainty
of Electrical Load Simulator (ELS).The parameters of load simulator
are estimated online and the model is updated, eliminating the model
error and improving the steady state torque tracking response of
torque controller. To improve the Transient control performance the
gain of robust term of SMC is updated online using fuzzy logic
system based on the amount of uncertainty in parameters of load
simulator. The states of load simulator which cannot be measured
directly are estimated using luenberger observer with update of new
estimated parameters. The stability of the control scheme is verified
using Lyapunov theorem. The validity of proposed control scheme is
verified using simulations.
Abstract: According to FDA (Food and Drug Administration of the United States), vinegar is definedas a sour liquid containing at least 4 grams acetic acid in 100 cubic centimeter (4% solution of acetic acid) of solution that is produced from sugary materials by alcoholic fermentation. In the base of microbial starters, vinegars could be contained of more than 50 types of volatile and aromatic substances that responsible for their sweet taste and smelling. Recently the vinegar industry has a great proportion in agriculture, food and microbial biotechnology. The acetic acid bacteria are from the family Acetobacteraceae. Regarding to the latest version of Bergy-s Mannual of Systematic Bacteriology that has categorized bacteria in the base of their 16s RNA differences, the most important acetic acid genera are included Acetobacter (genus I), Gluconacetobacter (genus VIII) and Gluconobacter (genus IX). The genus Acetobacter that is primarily used in vinegar manufacturing plants is a gram negative, obligate aerobe coccus or rod shaped bacterium with the size 0.6 - 0.8 X 1.0 - 4.0 μm, nonmotile or motile with peritrichous flagella and catalase positive – oxidase negative biochemically. Some strains are overoxidizer that could convert acetic acid to carbon dioxide and water.In this research one Acetobacter native strain with high acetic acid productivity was isolated from Iranian white – red cherry. We used two specific culture media include Carr medium [yeast extract, 3%; ethanol, 2% (v/v); bromocresol green, 0.002%; agar, 2% and distilled water, 1000 ml], Frateur medium [yeast extract, 10 g/l; CaCO3, 20 g/l; ethanol, 20 g/l; agar, 20 g/l and distilled water, 1000 ml] and an industrial culture medium. In addition to high acetic acid production and high growth rate, this strain had a good tolerance against ethanol concentration that was examined using modified Carr media with 5%, 7% and 9% ethanol concentrations. While the industrial strains of acetic acid bacteria grow in the thermal range of 28 – 30 °C, this strain was adapted for growth in 34 – 36 °C after 96 hours incubation period. These dramatic characteristics suggest a potential biotechnological strain in production of cherry vinegar with a sweet smell and different nutritional properties in comparison to recent vinegar types. The lack of growth after 24, 48 and 72 hours incubation at 34 – 36 °C and the growth after 96 hours indicates a good and fast thermal flexibility of this strain as a significant characteristic of biotechnological and industrial strains.
Abstract: Chest pain is one of the most prevalent complaints
among adults that cause the people to attend to medical centers. The
aim was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of chest pain
among over 30 years old people in Tehran. In this cross-sectional
study, 787 adults took part from Apr 2005 until Apr 2006. The
sampling method was random cluster sampling and there were 25
clusters. In each cluster, interviews were performed with 32 over 30
years old, people lived in those houses. In cases with chest pain, extra
questions asked. The prevalence of CP was 9% (71 cases). Of them
21 cases (6.5%) were in 41-60 year age ranges and the remainders
were over 61 year old. 19 cases (26.8%) mentioned CP in resting
state and all of the cases had exertion onset CP. The CP duration was
10 minutes or less in all of the cases and in most of them (84.5%), the
location of pain mentioned left anterior part of chest, left anterior part
of sternum and or left arm. There was positive history of myocardial
infarction in 12 cases (17%). There was significant relation between
CP and age, sex and between history of myocardial infarction and
marital state of study people. Our results are similar to other studies-
results in most parts, however it is necessary to perform
supplementary tests and follow up studies to differentiate between
cardiac and non-cardiac CP exactly.
Abstract: Thyroid cancer-s overall contribution to the
worldwide cancer burden is relatively small, but incidence rates have increased over the last three decades throughout the world. This trend has been hypothesised to reflect a combination of technological advances enabling increased detection, but also changes in
environmental factors, including population exposure to ionising radiation from fallout, diagnostic tests and treatment for benign and
malignant conditions. The Thyroid dose received apparently shielded
by cerrobend blocks was about 8cGy in 100cGy Expose
Abstract: To fight against the economic crisis, French
Government, like many others in Europe, has decided to give a boost
to high-speed line projects. This paper explores the implementation
and decision-making process in TGV projects, their evolutions,
especially since the Mediterranean TGV-line. This project was
probably the most controversial, but paradoxically represents today a
huge success for all the actors involved.
What kind of lessons we can learn from this experience? How to
evaluate the impact of this project on TGV-line planning? How can
we characterize this implementation and decision-making process
regards to the sustainability challenges?
The construction of Mediterranean TGV-line was the occasion to
make several innovations: to introduce more dialog into the decisionmaking
process, to take into account the environment, to introduce a
new project management and technological innovations. That-s why
this project appears today as an example in terms of integration of
sustainable development.
In this paper we examine the different kinds of innovations
developed in this project, by using concepts from sociology of
innovation to understand how these solutions emerged in a
controversial situation. Then we analyze the lessons which were
drawn from this decision-making process (in the immediacy and a
posteriori) and the way in which procedures evolved: creation of new
tools and devices (public consultation, project management...).
Finally we try to highlight the impact of this evolution on TGV
projects governance. In particular, new methods of implementation
and financing involve a reconfiguration of the system of actors. The
aim of this paper is to define the impact of this reconfiguration on
negotiations between stakeholders.