Estimating the Absorbed Dose to THYROID during Chest wall Radiotherapy
Thyroid cancer-s overall contribution to the
worldwide cancer burden is relatively small, but incidence rates have increased over the last three decades throughout the world. This trend has been hypothesised to reflect a combination of technological advances enabling increased detection, but also changes in
environmental factors, including population exposure to ionising radiation from fallout, diagnostic tests and treatment for benign and
malignant conditions. The Thyroid dose received apparently shielded
by cerrobend blocks was about 8cGy in 100cGy Expose
[1] National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements. Scientific
Committee 6e2 on Radiation Exposure of the U.S. Population. Ionizing
radiation exposure of the population of the united states: recommendations of the national council on radiation protection and
measurements. Bethesda, MD: National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements;2009.
[2] Bhatti P, Veiga LH, Ronckers CX, et al. Risk of second primary thyroid
cancer after radiotherapy for a childhood cancer in a large cohort study:
an update from the childhood cancer survivor study. Radiat Res 2010;174:751e752.
[3] Ng AK, Kenney LB, Gilbert ES, Travis LB. Secondary malignancies across the age spectrum. Semin Radiat Oncol 2010;20 (1):67e78.
[4] Bhatia S, Yasui Y, Robison LL, et al. High risk of subsequent
neoplasms continues with extended follow-up of childhood Hodgkin-s
disease: report from the Late Effects Study Group. J Clin Oncol
2003;21(23):4386e4394.
[5] Sinnott B, Ron E, Schneider AB. Exposing the thyroid to radiation: a
review of its current extent, risks, and implications. Endocr Rev
2010;31(5):756e773.
[6] United Nations. Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic
Radiation. Sources and effects of ionizing radiation: United Nations
Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation: Volume I:
Sources - Report to the General Assembly Scientific Annexes A and B
2008. New York: United Nations.
[7] Ron E. Cancer risks from medical radiation. Health Phys
2003;85(1):47e59.
[8] S.J. Schonfeld, C. Lee, A. Berrington de Gonz_alez"Overview Medical
Exposure to Radiation and Thyroid Cancer"Clinical Oncology 23
(2011) 244e250
[9] Oliver Gimm , Mini-review "Thyroid cancer" Cancer Letters 163 (2001)
143┬▒156
[10] B.M. Wenig, C.S. Heffess, C.F. Adair, Atlas of endocrine pathology,
W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, PA, 1997.
[11] Cannon CR. Hypothyroidism in head and neck cancer patients:
experimental and clinical observations. Laryngoscope 1994;104:1-21.
[12] Einhorn J, Wilkholm MG. Hypothyroidism after external irradiation of
the thyroid region. Radiology 1967;88: 326-8.
[13] Felix H, Dupre N, Drap_eM, Court L. Incidence _a long terme d-une
radiotherapie pour cancer du larynx, sur l-aparition d-un myxoedeme.
Lyon Med 1961;93:1043-50.
[14] Markson JL, Flatman GE. Myxedema after deep X-ray therapy to the
neck. South Med J 1965;1:1228-30.
[15] Hall, Eric J.; Giaccia, Amato J" Radiobiology for the Radiologist, 6th
Edition" Copyright ┬®2006 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
[16] Ron E, Lubin JH, Shore RE, et al.: cancer after exposure to external
radiation: A pooled analysis of seven studies. Radiat Res 141:259-277,
1995
[17] Rotblat J, Lindop P: Long-term effects of a single whole-body exposure
of mice to ionizing radiations: II. Causes of death. Proc R Soc Lond B
Biol Sci 154:350-368, 1961
[18] Saenger EL, Thoma BE, Tompkins EA: Leukemia after treatment of
hyperthyroidism. JAMA 205:855-862, 1968
[19] Sankila R, Garwicz S, Olsen JH, et al.: Risk of subsequent malignant
neoplasms among 1,641 Hodgkin's disease patients diagnosed in
childhood and adolescence: A population-based cohort study in the five
Nordic countries. J Clin Oncol 14:1442-1446, 1996
[20] Shore RE, Hildreth N, Woodard E, Dvoretsky P, Hempelmann L,
Pasternack B: Breast cancer among women given x-ray therapy for
acute postpartum mastitis. J Natl Cancer Inst 77:689-696, 1986
[21] Shore RE, Woodard E, Hildreth N, Dvoretsky P, Hempelmann L,
Pasternack B: Thyroid tumors following thymus irradiation. J Natl
Cancer Inst 74:1177-1184, 1985
[22] Stewart A, Kneale GW: Changes in the cancer risk associated with
obstetric radiography. Lancet 1:104-107, 1968
[23] Stewart A, Webb J, Hewitt D: A survey of childhood malignancies. Br
Med J 1:1495-1508, 1958
[24] Busuoli G. General characteristics of TL materials. In: Oberhofer M,
Scharmann A, editors. Applied thermoluminescence dosimetry: lectures
of a course held at the Joint Research Centre, Ispra, 12-16 November
1979, 87. Bristol: Adam Hilger Ltd; 1981. [fig. 5.4(c)].
[1] National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements. Scientific
Committee 6e2 on Radiation Exposure of the U.S. Population. Ionizing
radiation exposure of the population of the united states: recommendations of the national council on radiation protection and
measurements. Bethesda, MD: National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements;2009.
[2] Bhatti P, Veiga LH, Ronckers CX, et al. Risk of second primary thyroid
cancer after radiotherapy for a childhood cancer in a large cohort study:
an update from the childhood cancer survivor study. Radiat Res 2010;174:751e752.
[3] Ng AK, Kenney LB, Gilbert ES, Travis LB. Secondary malignancies across the age spectrum. Semin Radiat Oncol 2010;20 (1):67e78.
[4] Bhatia S, Yasui Y, Robison LL, et al. High risk of subsequent
neoplasms continues with extended follow-up of childhood Hodgkin-s
disease: report from the Late Effects Study Group. J Clin Oncol
2003;21(23):4386e4394.
[5] Sinnott B, Ron E, Schneider AB. Exposing the thyroid to radiation: a
review of its current extent, risks, and implications. Endocr Rev
2010;31(5):756e773.
[6] United Nations. Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic
Radiation. Sources and effects of ionizing radiation: United Nations
Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation: Volume I:
Sources - Report to the General Assembly Scientific Annexes A and B
2008. New York: United Nations.
[7] Ron E. Cancer risks from medical radiation. Health Phys
2003;85(1):47e59.
[8] S.J. Schonfeld, C. Lee, A. Berrington de Gonz_alez"Overview Medical
Exposure to Radiation and Thyroid Cancer"Clinical Oncology 23
(2011) 244e250
[9] Oliver Gimm , Mini-review "Thyroid cancer" Cancer Letters 163 (2001)
143┬▒156
[10] B.M. Wenig, C.S. Heffess, C.F. Adair, Atlas of endocrine pathology,
W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, PA, 1997.
[11] Cannon CR. Hypothyroidism in head and neck cancer patients:
experimental and clinical observations. Laryngoscope 1994;104:1-21.
[12] Einhorn J, Wilkholm MG. Hypothyroidism after external irradiation of
the thyroid region. Radiology 1967;88: 326-8.
[13] Felix H, Dupre N, Drap_eM, Court L. Incidence _a long terme d-une
radiotherapie pour cancer du larynx, sur l-aparition d-un myxoedeme.
Lyon Med 1961;93:1043-50.
[14] Markson JL, Flatman GE. Myxedema after deep X-ray therapy to the
neck. South Med J 1965;1:1228-30.
[15] Hall, Eric J.; Giaccia, Amato J" Radiobiology for the Radiologist, 6th
Edition" Copyright ┬®2006 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
[16] Ron E, Lubin JH, Shore RE, et al.: cancer after exposure to external
radiation: A pooled analysis of seven studies. Radiat Res 141:259-277,
1995
[17] Rotblat J, Lindop P: Long-term effects of a single whole-body exposure
of mice to ionizing radiations: II. Causes of death. Proc R Soc Lond B
Biol Sci 154:350-368, 1961
[18] Saenger EL, Thoma BE, Tompkins EA: Leukemia after treatment of
hyperthyroidism. JAMA 205:855-862, 1968
[19] Sankila R, Garwicz S, Olsen JH, et al.: Risk of subsequent malignant
neoplasms among 1,641 Hodgkin's disease patients diagnosed in
childhood and adolescence: A population-based cohort study in the five
Nordic countries. J Clin Oncol 14:1442-1446, 1996
[20] Shore RE, Hildreth N, Woodard E, Dvoretsky P, Hempelmann L,
Pasternack B: Breast cancer among women given x-ray therapy for
acute postpartum mastitis. J Natl Cancer Inst 77:689-696, 1986
[21] Shore RE, Woodard E, Hildreth N, Dvoretsky P, Hempelmann L,
Pasternack B: Thyroid tumors following thymus irradiation. J Natl
Cancer Inst 74:1177-1184, 1985
[22] Stewart A, Kneale GW: Changes in the cancer risk associated with
obstetric radiography. Lancet 1:104-107, 1968
[23] Stewart A, Webb J, Hewitt D: A survey of childhood malignancies. Br
Med J 1:1495-1508, 1958
[24] Busuoli G. General characteristics of TL materials. In: Oberhofer M,
Scharmann A, editors. Applied thermoluminescence dosimetry: lectures
of a course held at the Joint Research Centre, Ispra, 12-16 November
1979, 87. Bristol: Adam Hilger Ltd; 1981. [fig. 5.4(c)].
@article{"International Journal of Medical, Medicine and Health Sciences:53041", author = "Seid Ali Asghar Terohid and Vahid Fayaz", title = "Estimating the Absorbed Dose to THYROID during Chest wall Radiotherapy", abstract = "Thyroid cancer-s overall contribution to the
worldwide cancer burden is relatively small, but incidence rates have increased over the last three decades throughout the world. This trend has been hypothesised to reflect a combination of technological advances enabling increased detection, but also changes in
environmental factors, including population exposure to ionising radiation from fallout, diagnostic tests and treatment for benign and
malignant conditions. The Thyroid dose received apparently shielded
by cerrobend blocks was about 8cGy in 100cGy Expose", keywords = "Absorbed Dose, Thyroid, Radiotherapy", volume = "5", number = "11", pages = "563-3", }
