Abstract: Traditionally, terror groups have been formed by ideologically aligned actors who perceive a lack of options for achieving political or social change. However, terrorist attacks have been increasingly carried out by small groups of actors or lone individuals who may be only ideologically affiliated with larger, formal terrorist organizations. The formation of these groups represents the inverse of traditional organizational growth, whereby structural de-evolution within issue-based organizations leads to the formation of small, independent terror cells. Ideological franchising – the bypassing of formal affiliation to the “parent" organization – represents the de-evolution of traditional concepts of organizational structure in favor of an organic, independent, and focused unit. Traditional definitions of dark networks that are issue-based include focus on an identified goal, commitment to achieving this goal through unrestrained actions, and selection of symbolic targets. The next step in the de-evolution of small dark networks is the miniorganization, consisting of only a handful of actors working toward a common, violent goal. Information-sharing through social media platforms, coupled with civil liberties of democratic nations, provide the communication systems, access to information, and freedom of movement necessary for small dark networks to flourish without the aid of a parent organization. As attacks such as the 7/7 bombings demonstrate the effectiveness of small dark networks, terrorist actors will feel increasingly comfortable aligning with an ideology only, without formally organizing. The natural result of this de-evolving organization is the single actor event, where an individual seems to subscribe to a larger organization-s violent ideology with little or no formal ties.
Abstract: It was analyzed of fatty acid composition of 16 strains
of microalgae lipid fractions isolated from different basins of
Kazakhstan and characterized by stable active growth in the
laboratory. Three species of green microalgae (Oocystis
rhomboideus, Chlorococcum infusionum, Dictyochlorella globosa)
and three species of diatoms (Synedra sp., Nitzshia sp., Pleurosigma
attenuatum) are characterized by a high content of lipids and are
promising for further study as a source of polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Abstract: L-system is a tool commonly used for modeling and simulating the growth of fractal plants. The aim of this paper is to join some problems of the computational geometry with the fractal geometry by using the L-system technique to generate fractal plant in 3D. L-system constructs the fractal structure by applying rewriting rules sequentially and this technique depends on recursion process with large number of iterations to get different shapes of 3D fractal plants. Instead, it was reiterated a specific number of iterations up to three iterations. The vertices generated from the last stage of the Lsystem rewriting process are used as input to the triangulation algorithm to construct the triangulation shape of these vertices. The resulting shapes can be used as covers for the architectural objects and in different computer graphics fields. The paper presents a gallery of triangulation forms which application in architecture creates an alternative for domes and other traditional types of roofs.
Abstract: There are lots of different ways to find the natural
frequencies of a rotating system. One of the most effective methods
which is used because of its precision and correctness is the
application of the transfer matrix. By use of this method the entire
continuous system is subdivided and the corresponding differential
equation can be stated in matrix form. So to analyze shaft that is this
paper issue the rotor is divided as several elements along the shaft
which each one has its own mass and moment of inertia, which this
work would create possibility of defining the named matrix. By
Choosing more elements number, the size of matrix would become
larger and as a result more accurate answers would be earned. In this
paper the dynamics of a rotor-bearing system is analyzed,
considering the gyroscopic effect. To increase the accuracy of
modeling the thickness of the disk and bearings is also taken into
account which would cause more complicated matrix to be solved.
Entering these parameters to our modeling would change the results
completely that these differences are shown in the results. As said
upper, to define transfer matrix to reach the natural frequencies of
probed system, introducing some elements would be one of the
requirements. For the boundary condition of these elements, bearings
at the end of the shaft are modeled as equivalent spring and dampers
for the discretized system. Also, continuous model is used for the
shaft in the system. By above considerations and using transfer
matrix, exact results are taken from the calculations. Results Show
that, by increasing thickness of the bearing the amplitude of vibration
would decrease, but obviously the stiffness of the shaft and the
natural frequencies of the system would accompany growth.
Consequently it is easily understood that ignoring the influences of
bearing and disk thicknesses would results not real answers.
Abstract: In this paper fatigue crack growth behavior of
aeronautical aluminum alloy 2024 T351 was studied. Effects of
various loading and geometrical parameters are studied such as stress
ratio, amplitude loading, etc. The fatigue crack growth with constant
amplitude is studied using the AFGROW code when NASGRO
model is used. The effect of the stress ratio is highlighted, where one
notices a shift of the curves of crack growth. The comparative study
between two orientations L-T and T-L on fatigue behavior are
presented and shows the variation on the fatigue life. L-T orientation
presents a good fatigue crack growth resistance. Effects of crack
closure are shown in Paris domain and that no crack closure
phenomenons are present at high stress intensity factor.
Abstract: In this paper dynamics of a vapour bubble generated
due to a local energy input inside a vertical rigid cylinder and in the
absence of buoyancy forces is investigated. Different ratios of the
diameter of the rigid cylinder to the maximum radius of the bubble
are considered. The Boundary Integral Equation Method is employed
for numerical simulation of the problem. Results show that during
the collapse phase of the bubble inside a vertical rigid cylinder, two
liquid micro jets are developed on the top and bottom sides of the
vapour bubble and are directed inward. Results also show that
existence of a deposit rib inside the vertical rigid cylinder slightly
increases the life time of the bubble. It is found that by increasing the
ratio of the cylinder diameter to the maximum radius of the bubble,
the rate of the growth and collapse phases of the bubble increases
and the life time of the bubble decreases.
Abstract: Three strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (690, BCRC
13023 and BCRC 13025) implicated in food poisoning outbreaks in
Taiwan were subjected to acid adaptation at pH 5.5 for 90 min. The
growth behaviors of acid-adapted and non-adapted V.
parahaemolyticus in the media supplemented with various nitrogen
and carbon sources were investigated. The effects of acid adaptation
on the thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) secretion and fatty acid
profiles of V. parahaemolyticus were also examined. Results showed
that acid-adapted and non-adapted V. parahaemolyticus 690, BCRC
13023 and BCRC 13025 grew similarly in TSB-3% NaCl and basal
media supplemented with various carbon and nitrogen sources during
incubation period. Higher TDH secretion was noted with V.
parahaemolyticus 690 among the three strains. However, acid-adapted
strains produced less amounts of TDH than non-adapted strains when
they were grown in TSB-3% NaCl. Additionally, acid adaptation
increased the ratio of SFA/USFA in cells of V. parahaemolyticus
strains.
Abstract: The need to implement intelligent highways is much
more emphasized with the growth of vehicle production line as well as vehicle intelligence. The control of intelligent vehicles in order to
reduce human error and boost ease congestion is not accomplished solely by the aid of human resources. The present article is an attempt
to introduce an intelligent control system based on a single central computer. In this project, central computer, without utilizing Global
Positioning System (GPS), is capable of tracking all vehicles, crisis management and control, traffic guidance and recording traffic
crimes along the highway. By the help of RFID technology, vehicles
are connected to computerized systems, intelligent light poles and
other available hardware along the way. By the aid of Wimax
communicative technology, all components of the system are
virtually connected together through local and global networks
devised in them and the energy of the network is provided by the
solar cells installed on the intelligent light poles.
Abstract: Human ability is a major source of constraint to manufacturing industries in Nigeria. This paper therefore, discusses the importance of human influences on manufacturing and consequently to industrialization and National development. In this paper, the development of manufacturing was anchored on two main factors; Infrastructural Capacity Development (ICD) and Human Capacity Development (HCD). However, a wider view was given to the HCD and the various contemporary human capacity issues militating against manufacturing in Nigeria. It went further to discuss various ways of acquiring and upgrading workers’ skills and finally, suggestions were made on how to tackle the onerous human capacity issues in manufacturing.
Abstract: In this paper, a numerical study has been made to
analyze the transient 2-D flows of a viscous incompressible fluid
through channels with forward or backward constriction. Problems
addressed include flow through sudden contraction and sudden
expansion channel geometries with rounded and increasingly sharp
reentrant corner. In both the cases, numerical results are presented for
the separation and reattachment points, streamlines, vorticity and
flow patterns. A fourth order accurate compact scheme has been
employed to efficiently capture steady state solutions of the
governing equations. It appears from our study that sharpness of the
throat in the channel is one of the important parameters to control the
strength and size of the separation zone without modifying the
general flow patterns. The comparison between the two cases shows
that the upstream geometry plays a significant role on vortex growth
dynamics.
Abstract: Free and open source software is gaining popularity at
an unprecedented rate of growth. Organizations despite some
concerns about the quality have been using them for various
purposes. One of the biggest concerns about free and open source
software is post release software defects and their fixing. Many
believe that there is no appropriate support available to fix the bugs.
On the contrary some believe that due to the active involvement of
internet user in online forums, they become a major source of
communicating the identification and fixing of defects in open source
software. The research model of this empirical investigation
establishes and studies the relationship between open source software
defects and online public forums. The results of this empirical study
provide evidence about the realities of software defects myths of
open source software. We used a dataset consist of 616 open source
software projects covering a broad range of categories to study the
research model of this investigation. The results of this investigation
show that online forums play a significant role identifying and fixing
the defects in open source software.
Abstract: This study utilizes the panel vector error correction
model (PVECM) to examine the relationship among corruption,
economic growth, and income inequality experienced within ten Asian
countries over the 1995 to 2010 period. According to the empirical
results, we do not support the common perception that corruption
decreases economic growth. On the contrary, we found that corruption
increases economic growth. Meanwhile, an increase in economic
growth will cause an increase in income inequality, although the effect
is insignificant. Similarly, an increase in income inequality will cause
an increase in economic growth but a decrease in corruption, although
the effect is also insignificant.
Abstract: The fluorescent pseudomonad strain R81 is a root
colonizing rhizobacteria which promotes the growth of many plants
by various mechanisms. Its broth containing siderophore (ironchelating
compound) and 2,4- diacetyl phloroglucinol (DAPG) is
used for preparing bioinoculant formulations for agronomical
applications. Glycerol was found to be the best carbon source for
improved biomass production. Splitting of nitrogen source to NH4Cl
and urea had a stabilizing effect on pH during batch cultivation. Ltryptophan
at 0.5 % in the medium increased the siderophore
production to 850 mg/l. During batch cultivation of the strain in a
bioreactor, a maximum of 4 g/l of dry cell mass, 1.8 g/l of
siderophore and 20 mg/l of DAPG was achieved when glycerol was
15 g/l and C/N ratio was maintained at 12.5. In case of intermittent
feeding of fresh medium during fed-batch cultivation, the dry cell
mass was increased to 25 g/l with improved production of DAPG to
70 mg/l.
Abstract: This study assessed the effects of climate change on
Thai soybeans under simulation situations. Our study is focused on
temperature variability and effects on growth, yield, and genetic
changes in 2 generations of Chiang Mai 60 cultivars. In the
experiment, soybeans were exposed to 3 levels of air temperature for
8 h day-1 in an open top chamber for 2 cropping periods. Air
temperature levels in each treatment were controlled at 30-33°C (±
2.3) for LT-treatment, 33-36°C ( ± 2.4) for AT-treatment, and 36-40
°C ( ± 3.2) for HT-treatment, respectively. Positive effects of high
temperature became obvious at the maturing stage when yield
significantly increased in both cropping periods. Results in growth
indicated that shoot length at the pre-maturing stage
(V3-R3) was more positively affected by high temperature than at the
maturing stage. However, the positive effect on growth under high
temperature was not found in the 2nd cropping period. Finally, genetic
changes were examined in phenotype characteristics by the AFLPs
technique. The results showed that the high temperature factor clearly
caused genetic change in the soybeans and showed more alteration in
the 2nd cropping period.
Abstract: Outsourcing, a management practice strongly
consolidated within the area of Information Systems, is currently
going through a stage of unstoppable growth. This paper makes a
proposal about the main reasons which may lead firms to adopt
Information Systems Outsourcing. It will equally analyse the
potential risks that IS clients are likely to face. An additional
objective is to assess these reasons and risks in the case of large
Spanish firms, while simultaneously examining their evolution over
time.
Abstract: A thirty Rahmani weaned male lambs of average body weight (27.28±1.40 kg) were randomly allotted to three similar groups, ten lambs in each, to study the benefit of commercial feed additives Tonilisat (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and Roemin W2 (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus thermophilus, Bifidobacterium and Lactose) as growth promoters on lambs performance, digestibility, rumen activity and some blood constituents. The experiment lasted about 107 days. Three experimental groups were allotted as control group: received the basal ration, T1 group: received the basal ration supplemented with Tonilisat as (0.5kg/ ton concentrate feed mixture) and T2 group: received the basal ration supplemented with Roemin W2 (1kg/ ton concentrate feed mixture). Our study revealed that addition of Tonilisat significantly increased digestion coefficient of crude protein than that of the control group, Furthermore, the supplementation of Tonilisat or Roemin W2 increased (p
Abstract: ZnO-SnO2 i.e. Zinc-Tin-Oxide (ZTO) thin films were
deposited on glass substrate with varying concentrations (ZnO:SnO2
- 100:0, 90:10, 70:30 and 50:50 wt.%) at room temperature by flash
evaporation technique. These deposited ZTO film were annealed at
450 0C in vacuum. These films were characterized to study the effect
of annealing on the structural, electrical, and optical properties.
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Scanning electron microscopy
(SEM) images manifest the surface morphology of these ZTO thin
films. The apparent growth of surface features revealed the formation
of nanostructure ZTO thin films. The small value of surface
roughness (root mean square RRMS) ensures the usefulness in
optical coatings. The sheet resistance was also found to be decreased
for both types of films with increasing concentration of SnO2. The
optical transmittance found to be decreased however blue shift has
been observed after annealing.
Abstract: Due to insufficient frequency band and tremendous growth of the mobile users, complex computation is needed for the use of resources. Long distance communication began with the introduction of telegraphs and simple coded pulses, which were used to transmit short messages. Since then numerous advances have rendered reliable transfer of information both easier and quicker. Wireless network refers to any type of computer network that is wireless, and is commonly associated with a telecommunications network whose interconnections between nodes is implemented without the use of wires. Wireless network can be broadly categorized in infrastructure network and infrastructure less network. Infrastructure network is one in which we have a base station to serve the mobile users and in the infrastructure less network is one in which no infrastructure is available to serve the mobile users this kind of networks are also known as mobile Adhoc networks. In this paper we have simulated the result for different scenarios with protocols like AODV and DSR; we simulated the result for throughput, delay and receiving traffic in the given scenario.
Abstract: With the explosive growth of information sources available on the World Wide Web, it has become increasingly difficult to identify the relevant pieces of information, since web pages are often cluttered with irrelevant content like advertisements, navigation-panels, copyright notices etc., surrounding the main content of the web page. Hence, tools for the mining of data regions, data records and data items need to be developed in order to provide value-added services. Currently available automatic techniques to mine data regions from web pages are still unsatisfactory because of their poor performance and tag-dependence. In this paper a novel method to extract data items from the web pages automatically is proposed. It comprises of two steps: (1) Identification and Extraction of the data regions based on visual clues information. (2) Identification of data records and extraction of data items from a data region. For step1, a novel and more effective method is proposed based on visual clues, which finds the data regions formed by all types of tags using visual clues. For step2 a more effective method namely, Extraction of Data Items from web Pages (EDIP), is adopted to mine data items. The EDIP technique is a list-based approach in which the list is a linear data structure. The proposed technique is able to mine the non-contiguous data records and can correctly identify data regions, irrespective of the type of tag in which it is bound. Our experimental results show that the proposed technique performs better than the existing techniques.
Abstract: The data presented in this work show that in Armenia
a rise of air temperature is expected in the season, and annual terms.
As a result of the noted increase in temperature, a significant growth
of vulnerability of the territory of Armenia in relation to malaria is
expected. Zoning by the risk of renewed malaria transmission has
been performed.