Effect of Tonilisat and Roemin W2 Supplementations on the Performance of Lambs
A thirty Rahmani weaned male lambs of average body weight (27.28±1.40 kg) were randomly allotted to three similar groups, ten lambs in each, to study the benefit of commercial feed additives Tonilisat (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and Roemin W2 (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus thermophilus, Bifidobacterium and Lactose) as growth promoters on lambs performance, digestibility, rumen activity and some blood constituents. The experiment lasted about 107 days. Three experimental groups were allotted as control group: received the basal ration, T1 group: received the basal ration supplemented with Tonilisat as (0.5kg/ ton concentrate feed mixture) and T2 group: received the basal ration supplemented with Roemin W2 (1kg/ ton concentrate feed mixture). Our study revealed that addition of Tonilisat significantly increased digestion coefficient of crude protein than that of the control group, Furthermore, the supplementation of Tonilisat or Roemin W2 increased (p<0.05) crude fiber digestibility than control group. Total digestible nutrients and crude digestible protein were not significantly changed between treatments. Retained nitrogen was higher in treated lamb groups than untreated but the different was non significant. Rumen activity of different rations showed that volatile fatty acids concentrations for Tonilisat and Roemin W2 groups were higher than control group, but the differences were not significant. There are no significant changes between groups in tested blood parameters but in T1 group ALT and AST were decreased. Conclusion: Supplementation of the lamb's rations with probiotics had a non significant effect (p<0.05) on blood constituents. While, growth performance and economic efficiency revealed that Tonilisat supplemented lambs had the best average daily gain followed by Roemin W2 treated group in comparison with control group. The best economic efficiency was recorded for T1 which fed Tonilisat followed by control group at whole period.
[1] B.M. Ahmed, and M.S. Salah, "Effect of yeast culture as an additive to
sheep feed on performance, digestibility, nitrogen balance and rumen fermentation". J. Agric, Sci., 1, (14):1-13. 2006.
[2] M.A. Ali, "Effect of probiotic addition on growth performance of
growing lambs fed different roughages". Egyptian J. Nutrition and feeds,
8: 567-578. 2005.
[3] A.O.A.C. "Official Methods of Analysis" (13th Ed). Association of
Official Analytical Chemists. Washington, D.C.U.S.A. 1995.
[4] ATCC, "American Type Culture Collection, catalogue of yeasts" (18th
ED.). S.C. Jong and M.J.Ed wards (Ed.). American Type Culture Collection, Rockville, MD. 1990.
[5] S. Calsamiglia, M.D. Stern and J.L. Frinkins "Effects of protein sosurce
on nitrogen metabolism in continuous culture and intestinal digestion in
vitro" J. Anim. Sci., 73: 1819. 1995.
[6] M. D. Carro, P. Lebzien, and K. Rohr, "Effects of yeast culture on
rumen fermentation, digestibility and duodenal flow in dairy cows fed a
silage based diet" Livest. Prod. Sci. 32:219-229. 1992.
[7] E. H. Coles, "Veterinary clinical pathology". Saunders Company, Phladelphia and London. 1974.
[8] M.A. El-Ashry, M. Fayed Afaf, K.M. Youssef, F.A. Salem and Hend. A.
Aziz "Effect of feeding Flavomycin or yeast as feed supplement on lamb
performance in Sinai" Egyptian J. Nutrition and feeds. 6: 1009-1022.2003.
[9] A. El-waziry, and H. Ibrahim, "Effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae of
yeast on fiber digestion in sheep fed berseem (Trifolium alexandrium)
hay and cellulose activity" Australian J. Basic and Applied Sci., 1(4):
379-385. 2007.
[10] A.M.A. Fadel, and M.A. Abusamra. Rania, "Effects of supplemental yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) culture on NDF digestibility and rumen fermentation of forage sorghum hay in Nubian goat's kids".
Research J. Agriculture and biological Sci., 3, (3): 133-137. 2007.
[11] M. Afaf, Fayed , M.A. El-Ashry; K.M. Youssef; F.A. Salem and Aziz
A.Hend, " Effect of feeding Flavomycin or Yeast as feed supplement on
ruminal fermentation and some blood constituents of sheep in Sinai" . Egyptian J. Nutrition and feeds, 8 (1):619 - 634. 2005.
[12] N. Galip, "Effect of supplemental yeast culture on ruminal protozoa and
blood parameters in rams" Revue Med. Vet., 157, (11): 519-524. 2006.
[13] R.J. Henry,"Clinical chemistry". 1st Ed. Harper& Row Publishers, New
York P. 181. 1964.
[14] B. Hucko, V.A. Bampidis, V. Christodoulou, Z. Mudrik, K. Polakova
and V. Plachy "Rumen fermentation characteristics in pre- weaning
calves receiving yeast culture supplements" Czech J. Anim. Sci., 54, (10).435-442. 2009.
[15] E. Isolauri, S. Rautava, M. Kalliomaki, P. Kirjavainen, and S.Salminen,
"Role of probiotics in food hypersensitivity" Curr. Opin. Allergy Clin.
Immunol. 2: 263-271. 2002.
[16] A. Kaplan, and L.L. Teng," in Selected Methods of Clinical Chemistry"
Vol. 9, Ed. By W.R. Faulkner and S. Meites, AACC, Washington, pp 357-363. 1982.
[17] B. Kowalik, J.J.Pajak; Z. Dlugolecka; J. Rawa and T. Michalowski, "The effect of yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the fibrolytic activity in the rumen and on nutrient digestibility in the digestive tract of cows"
J. Animal and feed Sci., 15, (1): 27-30. 2006.
[18] Jr., L. E. Kung, M. Kreck, and R. S. Tung, " Effects of a live yeast
culture and enzymes on in vitro ruminal fermentation and milk production of dairy cows" J. Dairy Sci. 80:2045-2051. 1997.
[19] B. R. Marcel, "Prebiotics and probiotics: are they functional foods?"
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 71, No. 6, 1682S-1687s.
2000.
[20] M. Marghany, M.A. Sarhan, A. Abd El-hey and A.A.H. El-Tahan
"Performance of lactating buffaloes fed rations supplemented with
different levels of Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)". Egyptian
J. Nutrition and feeds, 8(1): 21-34. 2005.
[21] R.A. Markham, "Steam distillation apparatus for micro-kjeldahl
analysis" Biochem J., 35: 790. 1942.
[22] T. Masek, Z. Mikulec, H. Valpotic, N. Antunac, N. Mikulec, Z. Stojevic,
N. Filipovic and S. Pahovic "Influence of live yeast culture "
Saccharomyces cerevisiae" on milk production and composition and
blood biochemistry of grazing dairy ewes during the milking period"
Actavet, Bron, 77:547-554. 2008.
[23] C.J. Newbold, "Microbial feed additives for ruminants". Page 259-278
in biotechnology in animal feeds and animal feeding. R.J. Wallace and
A. Chesson, ed. VCH verlagsgesell- Schaftmbh, Weinheim, Germany.
1995.
[24] C.J. Newbold, P.E.V. Williams and N. Mckain, "The effects of yeast
culture on yeast numbers and fermentation in the rumen of sheep" Proc.
Nutr. Soc., 49: 47. 1990.
[25] K. C. Olson, J.S. Caton, D.R. Kirby and P.L. Norton, "Influence of yeast
culture supplementation and advancing season on steers grazing mixedgrass
prairie in the Northen Great Plains: . Ruminal fermentation, site
of digestion and microbial efficiency" J. Anim. Sci., 72: 2158-2170.1994.
[26] F.N. Owens and W.G. Bergen, "Nitrogen metabolism of ruminant
animals: Historical perspective, current understanding and future
implications" .J. Anim. Sci., 57 (2):498. 1983.
[27] A. Paryad and M. Rashid, "Effect of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
on apparent digestibility and nitrogen retention of tomato pomace in
sheep" Pakistan J. Nutrition 8, (3): 273-278. 2009.
[28] J.M. Pinos-Rodrigues, P.H. Robinson, M.E. Ortega; S.L.Berry; G.
Mendoza and R. Barcena, Performance and rumen fermentation of dairy
calves supplemented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae1077 or
Saccharomyces boulardii 1079. Anim. Feed Sci. and Tech., 140: 223-
232. 2008.
[29] S. Reitman, and S. A. Frankel, "Colorimetric method for tile determination of serum glutamic oxalacetic and glutamic pyruvic
transaminases" A in. J. Clin. Path. 28, 56. 1957.
[30] A.M.A. Salama, S.A. Ibrahim, M.R.M. El-Mahdy, G.A. El-Sayaad and
A.M. Shaarawy, "Effect of some feed additives on feed intake, digestion
coefficients, rumen parameters and economical efficiency of Friesian
fattening calves" Egyptian J. Nutrition and feeds, 8 (1): 127-142. 2005.
[31] M.S. Saleh, A.M. Metwally and M. Abd El-Momin, "Effect of feeding
rations supplemented with Biogen on digestibility and performance of
growing lambs" Egyptian J. Nutrition and feeds, 8 (1): 635-646. (2005).
[32] S. Salminen, M. C. Bouley, M. C. Boutron-Rualt, J. Cummings, A.
Franck, G. Gibson, E. Isolauri, M. C. Moreau, M. Roberfroid and I.
Rowland, "Functional food science and gastrointestinal physiology and
function" Br. J. Nutr. 80 (suppl. 1): 147-171. 1998.
[33] C. Stanton, Gillian Gardiner, Hillary Meehan, Kevin Collins, Gerald
Fitzgerald, P Brendan Lynch, and R Paul Ross "Market potential for
probiotics" Am J Clin Nutr, 73(suppl):476S-83S. 2001.
[34] Statistical Analysis Systems Institute (1999) SAS user guide: Statistics
Version 8. SAS Institute Inc., Cary.NC.
[35] M. Tomislav, M. Zeliko, V. Hrvoje, K. Luana, M. Natasa and A.Neven,
"The influence of live yeast cells "Saccharomyces cerevisiae" on the
performance of grazing dairy sheep in late lactation" Veterinarski Arhiv,
78, (2): 95- 104. 2008.
[36] P. J. Van Soest and J. B. Robertson and B.A. lewis (1991): Methods for
dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and nonstarch polysaccharides in
relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci., 74:3583- 3597.
[37] A.C.J. Warner, "Production of volatile fatty acids in the rumen methods
ofmeasurements"
Nutr. Abstr. and Rev., 34: 339. 1964.
[38] P. E. V.Williams, C. A. G. Tait, G. M. Innes, and C. J. Newbold,
"Effects of the inclusion of yeast culture (Saccharomyces cerevisiae plus growth medium) in the diet of cows on milk yield and forage degradation and fermentation patterns in the rumen of sheep and steers" J. Anim. Sci. 69:3016-3026. 1991.
[39] I.K. Yoon and M.D. Stern, “Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and
Aspergillus oryzae cultures on ruminal fermentation in dairy cows” J.
Dairy Sci., 79, 411-417. 1996.
[40] B.Zak, R. C. Dickenman, E. G. White, H. Burnett, P. J. Cherney, “Rapid
estimation of free and total cholesterol” Am J Clin Pathol., 24(11):
1307-1315. 1954.
[1] B.M. Ahmed, and M.S. Salah, "Effect of yeast culture as an additive to
sheep feed on performance, digestibility, nitrogen balance and rumen fermentation". J. Agric, Sci., 1, (14):1-13. 2006.
[2] M.A. Ali, "Effect of probiotic addition on growth performance of
growing lambs fed different roughages". Egyptian J. Nutrition and feeds,
8: 567-578. 2005.
[3] A.O.A.C. "Official Methods of Analysis" (13th Ed). Association of
Official Analytical Chemists. Washington, D.C.U.S.A. 1995.
[4] ATCC, "American Type Culture Collection, catalogue of yeasts" (18th
ED.). S.C. Jong and M.J.Ed wards (Ed.). American Type Culture Collection, Rockville, MD. 1990.
[5] S. Calsamiglia, M.D. Stern and J.L. Frinkins "Effects of protein sosurce
on nitrogen metabolism in continuous culture and intestinal digestion in
vitro" J. Anim. Sci., 73: 1819. 1995.
[6] M. D. Carro, P. Lebzien, and K. Rohr, "Effects of yeast culture on
rumen fermentation, digestibility and duodenal flow in dairy cows fed a
silage based diet" Livest. Prod. Sci. 32:219-229. 1992.
[7] E. H. Coles, "Veterinary clinical pathology". Saunders Company, Phladelphia and London. 1974.
[8] M.A. El-Ashry, M. Fayed Afaf, K.M. Youssef, F.A. Salem and Hend. A.
Aziz "Effect of feeding Flavomycin or yeast as feed supplement on lamb
performance in Sinai" Egyptian J. Nutrition and feeds. 6: 1009-1022.2003.
[9] A. El-waziry, and H. Ibrahim, "Effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae of
yeast on fiber digestion in sheep fed berseem (Trifolium alexandrium)
hay and cellulose activity" Australian J. Basic and Applied Sci., 1(4):
379-385. 2007.
[10] A.M.A. Fadel, and M.A. Abusamra. Rania, "Effects of supplemental yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) culture on NDF digestibility and rumen fermentation of forage sorghum hay in Nubian goat's kids".
Research J. Agriculture and biological Sci., 3, (3): 133-137. 2007.
[11] M. Afaf, Fayed , M.A. El-Ashry; K.M. Youssef; F.A. Salem and Aziz
A.Hend, " Effect of feeding Flavomycin or Yeast as feed supplement on
ruminal fermentation and some blood constituents of sheep in Sinai" . Egyptian J. Nutrition and feeds, 8 (1):619 - 634. 2005.
[12] N. Galip, "Effect of supplemental yeast culture on ruminal protozoa and
blood parameters in rams" Revue Med. Vet., 157, (11): 519-524. 2006.
[13] R.J. Henry,"Clinical chemistry". 1st Ed. Harper& Row Publishers, New
York P. 181. 1964.
[14] B. Hucko, V.A. Bampidis, V. Christodoulou, Z. Mudrik, K. Polakova
and V. Plachy "Rumen fermentation characteristics in pre- weaning
calves receiving yeast culture supplements" Czech J. Anim. Sci., 54, (10).435-442. 2009.
[15] E. Isolauri, S. Rautava, M. Kalliomaki, P. Kirjavainen, and S.Salminen,
"Role of probiotics in food hypersensitivity" Curr. Opin. Allergy Clin.
Immunol. 2: 263-271. 2002.
[16] A. Kaplan, and L.L. Teng," in Selected Methods of Clinical Chemistry"
Vol. 9, Ed. By W.R. Faulkner and S. Meites, AACC, Washington, pp 357-363. 1982.
[17] B. Kowalik, J.J.Pajak; Z. Dlugolecka; J. Rawa and T. Michalowski, "The effect of yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the fibrolytic activity in the rumen and on nutrient digestibility in the digestive tract of cows"
J. Animal and feed Sci., 15, (1): 27-30. 2006.
[18] Jr., L. E. Kung, M. Kreck, and R. S. Tung, " Effects of a live yeast
culture and enzymes on in vitro ruminal fermentation and milk production of dairy cows" J. Dairy Sci. 80:2045-2051. 1997.
[19] B. R. Marcel, "Prebiotics and probiotics: are they functional foods?"
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 71, No. 6, 1682S-1687s.
2000.
[20] M. Marghany, M.A. Sarhan, A. Abd El-hey and A.A.H. El-Tahan
"Performance of lactating buffaloes fed rations supplemented with
different levels of Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)". Egyptian
J. Nutrition and feeds, 8(1): 21-34. 2005.
[21] R.A. Markham, "Steam distillation apparatus for micro-kjeldahl
analysis" Biochem J., 35: 790. 1942.
[22] T. Masek, Z. Mikulec, H. Valpotic, N. Antunac, N. Mikulec, Z. Stojevic,
N. Filipovic and S. Pahovic "Influence of live yeast culture "
Saccharomyces cerevisiae" on milk production and composition and
blood biochemistry of grazing dairy ewes during the milking period"
Actavet, Bron, 77:547-554. 2008.
[23] C.J. Newbold, "Microbial feed additives for ruminants". Page 259-278
in biotechnology in animal feeds and animal feeding. R.J. Wallace and
A. Chesson, ed. VCH verlagsgesell- Schaftmbh, Weinheim, Germany.
1995.
[24] C.J. Newbold, P.E.V. Williams and N. Mckain, "The effects of yeast
culture on yeast numbers and fermentation in the rumen of sheep" Proc.
Nutr. Soc., 49: 47. 1990.
[25] K. C. Olson, J.S. Caton, D.R. Kirby and P.L. Norton, "Influence of yeast
culture supplementation and advancing season on steers grazing mixedgrass
prairie in the Northen Great Plains: . Ruminal fermentation, site
of digestion and microbial efficiency" J. Anim. Sci., 72: 2158-2170.1994.
[26] F.N. Owens and W.G. Bergen, "Nitrogen metabolism of ruminant
animals: Historical perspective, current understanding and future
implications" .J. Anim. Sci., 57 (2):498. 1983.
[27] A. Paryad and M. Rashid, "Effect of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
on apparent digestibility and nitrogen retention of tomato pomace in
sheep" Pakistan J. Nutrition 8, (3): 273-278. 2009.
[28] J.M. Pinos-Rodrigues, P.H. Robinson, M.E. Ortega; S.L.Berry; G.
Mendoza and R. Barcena, Performance and rumen fermentation of dairy
calves supplemented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae1077 or
Saccharomyces boulardii 1079. Anim. Feed Sci. and Tech., 140: 223-
232. 2008.
[29] S. Reitman, and S. A. Frankel, "Colorimetric method for tile determination of serum glutamic oxalacetic and glutamic pyruvic
transaminases" A in. J. Clin. Path. 28, 56. 1957.
[30] A.M.A. Salama, S.A. Ibrahim, M.R.M. El-Mahdy, G.A. El-Sayaad and
A.M. Shaarawy, "Effect of some feed additives on feed intake, digestion
coefficients, rumen parameters and economical efficiency of Friesian
fattening calves" Egyptian J. Nutrition and feeds, 8 (1): 127-142. 2005.
[31] M.S. Saleh, A.M. Metwally and M. Abd El-Momin, "Effect of feeding
rations supplemented with Biogen on digestibility and performance of
growing lambs" Egyptian J. Nutrition and feeds, 8 (1): 635-646. (2005).
[32] S. Salminen, M. C. Bouley, M. C. Boutron-Rualt, J. Cummings, A.
Franck, G. Gibson, E. Isolauri, M. C. Moreau, M. Roberfroid and I.
Rowland, "Functional food science and gastrointestinal physiology and
function" Br. J. Nutr. 80 (suppl. 1): 147-171. 1998.
[33] C. Stanton, Gillian Gardiner, Hillary Meehan, Kevin Collins, Gerald
Fitzgerald, P Brendan Lynch, and R Paul Ross "Market potential for
probiotics" Am J Clin Nutr, 73(suppl):476S-83S. 2001.
[34] Statistical Analysis Systems Institute (1999) SAS user guide: Statistics
Version 8. SAS Institute Inc., Cary.NC.
[35] M. Tomislav, M. Zeliko, V. Hrvoje, K. Luana, M. Natasa and A.Neven,
"The influence of live yeast cells "Saccharomyces cerevisiae" on the
performance of grazing dairy sheep in late lactation" Veterinarski Arhiv,
78, (2): 95- 104. 2008.
[36] P. J. Van Soest and J. B. Robertson and B.A. lewis (1991): Methods for
dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and nonstarch polysaccharides in
relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci., 74:3583- 3597.
[37] A.C.J. Warner, "Production of volatile fatty acids in the rumen methods
ofmeasurements"
Nutr. Abstr. and Rev., 34: 339. 1964.
[38] P. E. V.Williams, C. A. G. Tait, G. M. Innes, and C. J. Newbold,
"Effects of the inclusion of yeast culture (Saccharomyces cerevisiae plus growth medium) in the diet of cows on milk yield and forage degradation and fermentation patterns in the rumen of sheep and steers" J. Anim. Sci. 69:3016-3026. 1991.
[39] I.K. Yoon and M.D. Stern, “Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and
Aspergillus oryzae cultures on ruminal fermentation in dairy cows” J.
Dairy Sci., 79, 411-417. 1996.
[40] B.Zak, R. C. Dickenman, E. G. White, H. Burnett, P. J. Cherney, “Rapid
estimation of free and total cholesterol” Am J Clin Pathol., 24(11):
1307-1315. 1954.
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