Abstract: In this paper, a novel scheme is proposed for ownership identification and authentication using color images by deploying Cryptography and Digital Watermarking as underlaying technologies. The former is used to compute the contents based hash and the latter to embed the watermark. The host image that will claim to be the rightful owner is first transformed from RGB to YST color space exclusively designed for watermarking based applications. Geometrically YS ÔèÑ T and T channel corresponds to the chrominance component of color image, therefore suitable for embedding the watermark. The T channel is divided into 4×4 nonoverlapping blocks. The size of block is important for enhanced localization, security and low computation. Each block along with ownership information is then deployed by SHA160, a one way hash function to compute the content based hash, which is always unique and resistant against birthday attack instead of using MD5 that may raise the condition i.e. H(m)=H(m'). The watermark payload varies from block to block and computed by the variance factorα . The quality of watermarked images is quite high both subjectively and objectively. Our scheme is blind, computationally fast and exactly locates the tampered region.
Abstract: Perceptions of quality from both designers and users
perspective have now stretched beyond the traditional usability,
incorporating abstract and subjective concepts. This has led to a shift
in human computer interaction research communities- focus; a shift
that focuses on achieving user experience (UX) by not only fulfilling
conventional usability needs but also those that go beyond them. The
term UX, although widely spread and given significant importance,
lacks consensus in its unified definition. In this paper, we survey
various UX definitions and modeling frameworks and examine them
as the foundation for proposing a UX evolution lifecycle framework
for understanding UX in detail. In the proposed framework we identify
the building blocks of UX and discuss how UX evolves in various
phases. The framework can be used as a tool to understand experience
requirements and evaluate them, resulting in better UX design and
hence improved user satisfaction.
Abstract: Fruits and vegetables are the essentials of a healthy
diet, mainly because of their antioxidant properties contributing to
disease blockage especially for some certain types of cancer. Being a
favourite fruit, citrus are produced for economic and commercial
purposes worldwide. Particularly, lemon fruit (Citrus limon L.), has
an important place in export products of Turkey. Lemon has a great
importance on human nutrition with regard to being a source of
nutrients, flavonoids, vitamin C and minerals. It is used for food
flavouring and pickling and also processed for lemonade. By
processing citrus into fruit juices, consumption may increase and also
become easier. Like many fruits and vegetables lemons are cheap and
abundant during harvesting period, while they are quite expensive in
other seasons. Lemon juice and concentrate production allows
consumers to get benefits from lemon fruit in any time of the year.
Lemonade is getting in to the focus of consumers’ attention
preferring non-carbonated drinks. The demand of healthy, convenient
functional foods affects consumer trends through innovative
products. For this reason, lemonade could be enriched with different
natural herb extracts such as ginger (Zingiber officinale), linden (Tilia
cordata), and mint (Mentha piperita).
Abstract: This paper presents a hybrid association control
scheme that can maintain load balancing among access points in the
wireless LANs and can satisfy the quality of service requirements of
the multimedia traffic applications. The proposed model is
mathematically described as a linear programming model. Simulation
study and analysis were conducted in order to demonstrate the
performance of the proposed hybrid load balancing and association
control scheme. Simulation results shows that the proposed scheme
outperforms the other schemes in term of the percentage of blocking
and the quality of the data transfer rate providing to the multimedia
and real-time applications.
Abstract: Water vapour transport properties of gypsum block
are studied in dependence on relative humidity using inverse analysis
based on genetic algorithm. The computational inverse analysis is
performed for the relative humidity profiles measured along the
longitudinal axis of a rod sample. Within the performed transient
experiment, the studied sample is exposed to two environments with
different relative humidity, whereas the temperature is kept constant.
For the basic gypsum characterisation and for the assessment of input
material parameters necessary for computational application of
genetic algorithm, the basic material properties of gypsum are
measured as well as its thermal and water vapour storage parameters.
On the basis of application of genetic algorithm, the relative
humidity dependent water vapour diffusion coefficient and water
vapour diffusion resistance factor are calculated.
Abstract: In order to increase in chickpea quality and
agroecosystem sustainability, field experiments were carried out in
2007 and 2008 growing seasons. In this research the effects of
different organic, chemical and biological fertilizers were
investigated on grain yield and quality of chickpea. Experimental
units were arranged in split-split plots based on randomized complete
blocks with three replications. The highest amounts of yield and yield
components were obtained in G1×N5 interaction. Significant
increasing of N, P, K, Fe and Mg content in leaves and grains
emphasized on superiority of mentioned treatment because each one
of these nutrients has an approved role in chlorophyll synthesis and
photosynthesis ability of the crop. The combined application of
compost, farmyard manure and chemical phosphorus (N5) had the
best grain quality due to high protein, starch and total sugar contents,
low crude fiber and reduced cooking time.
Abstract: Nagaland, the 16th state of India in order of
statehood, is situated between 25° 6' and 27° 4' latitude north and
between 93º 20' E and 95º 15' E longitude of equator in the North
Eastern part of the India. Endowed with varied topography, soil and
agro climatic conditions it is known for its potentiality to grow all
most all kinds of horticultural crops. Pineapple being grown since
long organically by default is one of the most promising crops of the
state with emphasis being laid for commercialization by the
government of Nagaland. In light of commercialization, globalization
and scope of setting small-scale industries, a research study was
undertaken to examine the socio-economic and personal
characteristics, entrepreneurial characteristics and attitude of the
pineapple growers towards improved package of practices of
pineapple cultivation. The study was conducted in Medziphema
block of Dimapur district of the Nagaland state of India following ex
post facto research design. Ninety pineapple growers were selected
from four different villages of Medziphema block based on
proportionate random selection procedure. Findings of the study
revealed that majority of the respondents had medium level of
entrepreneurial characteristics in terms of knowledge level, risk
orientation, self confidence, management orientation, farm decision
making ability and leadership ability and most of them had
favourable attitude towards improved package of practices of
pineapple cultivation. The variables age, education, farm size, risk
orientation, management orientation and sources of information
utilized were found important to influence the attitude of the
respondents. The study revealed that favourable attitude and
entrepreneurial characteristics of the pineapple cultivators might be
harnessed for increased production of pineapple in the state thereby
bringing socio economic upliftment of the marginal and small-scale
farmers.
Abstract: This paper considers the development of a two-point
predictor-corrector block method for solving delay differential
equations. The formulae are represented in divided difference form
and the algorithm is implemented in variable stepsize variable order
technique. The block method produces two new values at a single
integration step. Numerical results are compared with existing
methods and it is evident that the block method performs very well.
Stability regions of the block method are also investigated.
Abstract: In the present work, we propose a new projection method for solving the matrix equation AXB = F. For implementing our new method, generalized forms of block Krylov subspace and global Arnoldi process are presented. The new method can be considered as an extended form of the well-known global generalized minimum residual (Gl-GMRES) method for solving multiple linear systems and it will be called as the extended Gl-GMRES (EGl- GMRES). Some new theoretical results have been established for proposed method by employing Schur complement. Finally, some numerical results are given to illustrate the efficiency of our new method.
Abstract: In this paper, we present a novel objective nonreference performance assessment algorithm for image fusion. It takes into account local measurements to estimate how well the important information in the source images is represented by the fused image. The metric is based on the Universal Image Quality Index and uses the similarity between blocks of pixels in the input images and the fused image as the weighting factors for the metrics. Experimental results confirm that the values of the proposed metrics correlate well with the subjective quality of the fused images, giving a significant improvement over standard measures based on mean squared error and mutual information.
Abstract: A special case of floating point data representation is block
floating point format where a block of operands are forced to have a joint
exponent term. This paper deals with the finite wordlength properties of
this data format. The theoretical errors associated with the error model for
block floating point quantization process is investigated with the help of error
distribution functions. A fast and easy approximation formula for calculating
signal-to-noise ratio in quantization to block floating point format is derived.
This representation is found to be a useful compromise between fixed point
and floating point format due to its acceptable numerical error properties over
a wide dynamic range.
Abstract: Grey mold on grape is caused by the fungus Botrytis
cinerea Pers. Trichodex WP, a new biofungicide, that contains fungal
spores of Trichoderma harzianum Rifai, was used for biological
control of Grey mold on grape. The efficacy of Trichodex WP has
been reported from many experiments. Experiments were carried out
in the locality – Banatski Karlovac, on grapevine species – talijanski
rizling. The trials were set according to instructions of methods
PP1/152(2) and PP1/17(3) , according to a fully randomized block
design. Phytotoxicity was estimated by PP methods 1/135(2), the
intensity of infection according to Towsend Heuberger , the
efficiency by Abbott, the analysis of variance with Duncan test and
PP/181(2). Application of Trichodex WP is limited to the first two
treatments. Other treatments are performed with the fungicides based
on a.i. procymidone, vinclozoline and iprodione.
Abstract: In this paper, we proposed a method to reduce
quantization error. In order to reduce quantization error, low pass
filtering is applied on neighboring samples of current block in
H.264/AVC. However, it has a weak point that low pass filtering is
performed regardless of prediction direction. Since it doesn-t consider
prediction direction, it may not reduce quantization error effectively.
Proposed method considers prediction direction for low pass filtering
and uses a threshold condition for reducing flag bit. We compare our
experimental result with conventional method in H.264/AVC and we
can achieve the average bit-rate reduction of 1.534% by applying the
proposed method. Bit-rate reduction between 0.580% and 3.567% are
shown for experimental results.
Abstract: In this paper, we use an M/G/C/C state dependent
queuing model within a complex network topology to determine the
different performance measures for pedestrian traffic flow. The
occupants in this network topology need to go through some source
corridors, from which they can choose their suitable exiting
corridors. The performance measures were calculated using arrival
rates that maximize the throughputs of source corridors. In order to
increase the throughput of the network, the result indicates that the
flow direction of pedestrian through the corridors has to be restricted
and the arrival rates to the source corridor need to be controlled.
Abstract: This study describes a capillary-based device
integrated with the heating and cooling modules for polymerase chain
reaction (PCR). The device consists of the reaction
polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) capillary, the aluminum blocks, and is
equipped with two cartridge heaters, a thermoelectric (TE) cooler, a
fan, and some thermocouples for temperature control. The cartridge
heaters are placed into the heating blocks and maintained at two
different temperatures to achieve the denaturation and the extension
step. Some thermocouples inserted into the capillary are used to obtain
the transient temperature profiles of the reaction sample during
thermal cycles. A 483-bp DNA template is amplified successfully in
the designed system and the traditional thermal cycler. This work
should be interesting to persons involved in the high-temperature
based reactions and genomics or cell analysis.
Abstract: Method of Parallel Joint Channel Coding and
Cryptography has been analyzed and simulated in this paper. The
method is an extension of Soft Input Decryption with feedback,
which is used for improvement of channel decoding of secured
messages. Parallel Joint Channel Coding and Cryptography results in
improved coding gain of channel decoding, which achieves more
than 2 dB. Such results are an implication of a combination of
receiver components and their interoperability.
Abstract: Mobile WiMAX is a broadband wireless solution that
enables convergence of mobile and fixed broadband networks
through a common wide area broadband radio access technology and
flexible network architecture. It adopts Orthogonal Frequency
Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) for improved multi-path
performance in Non-Line-Of-Sight (NLOS) environments. Scalable
OFDMA (SOFDMA) is introduced in the IEEE 802e[1]. WIMAX
system uses one of different types of channel coding but The
mandatory channel coding scheme is based on binary nonrecursive
Convolutional Coding (CC). There are other several optional channel
coding schemes such as block turbo codes, convolutional turbo
codes, and low density parity check (LDPC).
In this paper a comparison between the performance of WIMAX
using turbo code and using convolutional product code (CPC) [2] is
made. Also a combination between them had been done. The CPC
gives good results at different SNR values compared to both the
turbo system, and the combination between them. For example, at
BER equal to 10-2 for 128 subcarriers, the amount of improvement
in SNR equals approximately 3 dB higher than turbo code and equals
approximately 2dB higher than the combination respectively. Several
results are obtained at different modulating schemes (16QAM and
64QAM) and different numbers of sub-carriers (128 and 512).
Abstract: Among many agro- based cottage industries in India
sericulture has been promoted as an agro-based, labor intensive, rural
oriented cottage industry, providing gainful employment mainly to
the weaker and marginalized section of the society specially tribal.
Sericulture occupies the place of pride in the rural economy can be
practiced even with very low land holding, low gestation, high
returns make sericulture an ideal program, requiring little capital
investment. In 2010-2011 the employment in sericulture sector was
72.5 lakh persons. The involvement of landless rural people in tasar
sericulture is because they understood its potential for rural and tribal
upliftment. This article demonstrates that certain developmental
initiatives have been playing an important role in the socio-economic
progress of tribal masses in Raigarh district and explains the
increased returns from sericulture as a result of development
programs. The study concludes with some suggestions to improve the
long term feasibility of sericulture.
Abstract: In cryptography, confusion and diffusion are very
important to get confidentiality and privacy of message in block
ciphers and stream ciphers. There are two types of network to provide
confusion and diffusion properties of message in block ciphers. They
are Substitution- Permutation network (S-P network), and Feistel
network. NLFS (Non-Linear feedback stream cipher) is a fast and
secure stream cipher for software application. NLFS have two modes
basic mode that is synchronous mode and self synchronous mode.
Real random numbers are non-deterministic. R-box (random box)
based on the dynamic properties and it performs the stochastic
transformation of data that can be used effectively meet the
challenges of information is protected from international destructive
impacts. In this paper, a new implementation of stochastic
transformation will be proposed.
Abstract: The use of buffer thresholds, blocking and adequate
service strategies are well-known techniques for computer networks
traffic congestion control. This motivates the study of series queues
with blocking, feedback (service under Head of Line (HoL) priority
discipline) and finite capacity buffers with thresholds. In this paper,
the external traffic is modelled using the Poisson process and the
service times have been modelled using the exponential distribution.
We consider a three-station network with two finite buffers, for
which a set of thresholds (tm1 and tm2) is defined. This computer
network behaves as follows. A task, which finishes its service at
station B, gets sent back to station A for re-processing with
probability o. When the number of tasks in the second buffer exceeds
a threshold tm2 and the number of task in the first buffer is less than
tm1, the fed back task is served under HoL priority discipline. In
opposite case, for fed backed tasks, “no two priority services in
succession" procedure (preventing a possible overflow in the first
buffer) is applied. Using an open Markovian queuing schema with
blocking, priority feedback service and thresholds, a closed form
cost-effective analytical solution is obtained. The model of servers
linked in series is very accurate. It is derived directly from a twodimensional
state graph and a set of steady-state equations, followed
by calculations of main measures of effectiveness. Consequently,
efficient expressions of the low computational cost are determined.
Based on numerical experiments and collected results we conclude
that the proposed model with blocking, feedback and thresholds can
provide accurate performance estimates of linked in series networks.