Abstract: Recently, the green architecture becomes a
significant way to a sustainable future. Green building designs
involve finding the balance between comfortable homebuilding and
sustainable environment. Moreover, the utilization of the new
technologies such as artificial intelligence techniques are used to
complement current practices in creating greener structures to keep
the built environment more sustainable. The most common objectives
in green buildings should be designed to minimize the overall impact
of the built environment that effect on ecosystems in general and in
particularly human health and natural environment. This will lead to
protecting occupant health, improving employee productivity,
reducing pollution and sustaining the environmental. In green
building design, multiple parameters which may be interrelated,
contradicting, vague and of qualitative/quantitative nature are
broaden to use. This paper presents a comprehensive critical state- ofart-
review of current practices based on fuzzy and its combination
techniques. Also, presented how green architecture/building can be
improved using the technologies that been used for analysis to seek
optimal green solutions strategies and models to assist in making the
best possible decision out of different alternatives.
Abstract: The formulated problem of optimization of the
technological process of water treatment for thermal power plants is
considered in this article. The problem is of multiparametric nature.
To optimize the process, namely, reduce the amount of waste water, a
new technology was developed to reuse such water. A mathematical
model of the technology of wastewater reuse was developed.
Optimization parameters were determined. The model consists of a
material balance equation, an equation describing the kinetics of ion
exchange for the non-equilibrium case and an equation for the ion
exchange isotherm. The material balance equation includes a
nonlinear term that depends on the kinetics of ion exchange. A direct
problem of calculating the impurity concentration at the outlet of the
water treatment plant was numerically solved. The direct problem
was approximated by an implicit point-to-point computation
difference scheme. The inverse problem was formulated as relates to
determination of the parameters of the mathematical model of the
water treatment plant operating in non-equilibrium conditions. The
formulated inverse problem was solved. Following the results of
calculation the time of start of the filter regeneration process was
determined, as well as the period of regeneration process and the
amount of regeneration and wash water. Multi-parameter
optimization of water treatment process for thermal power plants
allowed decreasing the amount of wastewater by 15%.
Abstract: To study the effect of the cross direction in bead
wheat, three hybrid combinations (Babyle 113, Iratome), (Sawa,
Tamose2) and (Al Hashymya, Al Iraq) were tested for plant height,
spike and awn length, number of grains per spike, 1000-grain weight,
number of tillers/m and grain yield. The results revealed that the
direction of the crosses significantly effect on the number of
grains/spike, number of tillers/m and grain yields. Grain yield was
positively and significantly correlated with 1000-grain weight,
number of grains per spike and tillers. Depend on the results of
heritability and genetic advance it was suggested that 1000-grain
weight, number of grains per spike and tillers should be given
emphasis for future wheat yield improvement programs.
Abstract: In review the generalized data about biological
activity of anthraquinone-containing plants and specimens on their
basis is presented. Data of traditional medicine, results of
bioscreening and clinical researches of specimens are analyzed.
Abstract: Degradation of agricultural soils has increased rapidly
during the last 20 years due to the indiscriminate use of pesticides
and other anthropogenic activities. Currently, there is an urgent need
of soil restoration to increase agricultural production. Utilization of
sewage sludge or municipal solid waste is an important way to
recycle nutrient elements and improve soil quality. With these
amendments, nutrient availability in the aqueous phase might be
increased and production of healthier crops can be accomplished.
This research project aimed to achieve sustainable management of
tropical agricultural soils, specifically in Puerto Rico, through the
amendment of water treatment plant sludge’s. This practice avoids
landfill disposal of sewage sludge and at the same time results costeffective
practice for recycling solid waste residues. Coriander
sativum was cultivated in a compost-soil-sludge mixture at different
proportions. Results showed that Coriander grown in a mixture of
25% compost+50% Voladora soi+25% sludge had the best growth
and development. High chlorophyll content (33.01 ± 0.8) was
observed in Coriander plants cultivated in 25% compost+62.5%
Coloso soil+ 12.5% sludge compared to plants grown with no sludge
(32.59 ± 0.7). ICP-OES analysis showed variations in mineral
element contents (macro and micronutrients) in coriander plant
grown I soil amended with sludge and compost.
Abstract: The key role in phenomenological modelling of cyclic
plasticity is good understanding of stress-strain behaviour of given
material. There are many models describing behaviour of materials
using numerous parameters and constants. Combination of individual
parameters in those material models significantly determines whether
observed and predicted results are in compliance. Parameter
identification techniques such as random gradient, genetic algorithm
and sensitivity analysis are used for identification of parameters using
numerical modelling and simulation. In this paper genetic algorithm
and sensitivity analysis are used to study effect of 4 parameters of
modified AbdelKarim-Ohno cyclic plasticity model. Results
predicted by Finite Element (FE) simulation are compared with
experimental data from biaxial ratcheting test with semi-elliptical
loading path.
Abstract: In Jordan having deficit atmospheric precipitation, an
increase in water demand occurs during summer months. Jordan can
be regarded with a relatively high potential for wastewater recycling
and reuse. The main purpose of this paper was to investigate the
removal of total suspended solids (TSS) and chemical oxygen
demand (COD) for olive mill wastewater (OMW) by
electrocoagulation (EC) process. In the combination of
electrocoagulation by using coupled iron–aluminum electrodes, the
optimum working pH was found to be around 6. Results indicated
that the electrocoagulation process allowed removal of TSS and COD
of about 82.5% and 47.5%, respectively at 45 mA/cm2 after 70
minutes by using coupled iron–aluminum electrodes. It was
demonstrated that the maximum TSS and COD removals were
obtained at some optimum experimental parameters for current
density, pH, and reaction time.
Abstract: In this paper, a new design of spherical robotic system
based on the concepts of gimbal structure and gyro dynamics is
presented. Robots equipped with multiple wheels and complex
steering mechanics may increase the weight and degrade the energy
transmission efficiency. In addition, the wheeled and legged robots are
relatively vulnerable to lateral impact and lack of lateral mobility.
Therefore, the proposed robotic design uses a spherical shell as the
main body for ground locomotion, instead of using wheel devices.
Three spherical shells are structured in a similar way to a gimbal
device and rotate like a gyro system. The design and mechanism of the
proposed robotic system is introduced. In addition, preliminary results
of the dynamic model based on the principles of planar rigid body
kinematics and Lagrangian equation are included. Simulation results
and rig construction are presented to verify the concepts.
Abstract: The objectives of the study were to determine the
marketing mix factors that influencing tourist’s destination decision
making for cultural tourism in the Chonburi province. Both
quantitative and qualitative data were applied in this study. The
samples of 400 cases for quantitative analysis were tourists (both
Thai and foreign) who were interested in cultural tourism in the
Chonburi province, and traveled to cultural sites in Chonburi and 14
representatives from provincial tourism committee of Chonburi and
local tourism experts. Statistics utilized in this research included
frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and multiple
regression analysis. The study found that Thai and foreign tourists
are influenced by different important marketing mix factors. The
important factors for Thai respondents were physical evidence, price,
people, and place at high importance level. For foreign respondents,
physical evidence, price, people, and process were high importance
level, whereas, product, place and promotion were moderate
importance level.
Abstract: In review the generalized data about biosynthetic routs
formation anthraquinone molecules in natural cells. The basic
possibilities of various ways of biosynthesis of different quinoid
substances are shown.
Abstract: The Algeria by its location offers a rich and diverse
vegetation. A large number of aromatic and medicinal plants grow
spontaneously. The interest in these plants has continued to grow in
recent years. Their particular properties due to the essential oil
fraction can be utilized to treat microbial infections. To this end, and
in the context of the valuation of the Algerian flora, we became
interested in the species of the family Lamiaceae which is one of the
most used as a global source of spices. The plant on which we have
based our choice is a species of sage "Salvia officinalis" from the
Isser localized region within the province of Boumerdes. This work
focuses on the study of the antimicrobial activity of essential oil
extracted from the leaves of Salvia officinalis. The extraction is
carried out by essential oil hydrodistillation and reveals a yield of
1.06℅. The study of the antimicrobial activity of the essential oil by
the method of at aromatogramme shown that Gram positive bacteria
are most susceptible (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis)
with a strong inhibition of growth. The yeast Candida albicans
fungus Aspergillus niger and have shown moderately sensitive.
Abstract: The FOSDT (the First Order Shear Deformation
Theory) is taking into consideration to study the static behavior of a
bimorph beam, with a delamination zone between the upper and the
lower layer. The effect of limit conditions and lengths of the
delamination zone are presented in this paper, with a PVDF
piezoelectric material application. A FEM “Finite Element Method”
is used to discretize the beam. In the axial displacement, a
displacement field appears in the debonded zone with inverse effect
between the upper and the lower layer was observed.
Abstract: The heavy metal pollution degree in the soils around
the Zangezur copper and molybdenum combine in Syunik Marz,
Armenia was assessed. The results of the study showed that heavy
metal pollution degree in the soils mainly decreased with increasing
distance from the open mine and the ore enrichment combine which
indicated that the open mine and the ore enrichment combine were
the main sources of heavy metal pollution. The only exception was
observed in the northern part of the open mine where pollution
degree in the sites (along the open mine) situated 600 meters far from
the mine was higher than that in the sites located 300 meters far from
the mine. This can be explained by the characteristics of relief and air
currents as well as the weak vegetation cover of these sites and the
characteristics of soil structure. According to geo-accumulation index
(I-geo), contamination factor (Cf), contamination degree (Cd) and
pollution load index (PLI) values, the pollution degree in the soils
around the open mine and the ore enrichment combine was higher
than that in the soils around the tailing dumps which was due to the
proper and accurate operation of the Artsvanik tailing damp and the
recultivation of the Voghji tailing dump.
The high Cu and Mo pollution of the soils was conditioned by the
character of industrial activities, the moving direction of air currents
as well as the physicochemical peculiarities of the soils.
Abstract: Two finite element (FEM) models are presented in
this paper to address the random nature of the response of glued
timber structures made of wood segments with variable elastic
moduli evaluated from 3600 indentation measurements. This total
database served to create the same number of ensembles as was the
number of segments in the tested beam. Statistics of these ensembles
were then assigned to given segments of beams and the Latin
Hypercube Sampling (LHS) method was called to perform 100
simulations resulting into the ensemble of 100 deflections subjected
to statistical evaluation. Here, a detailed geometrical arrangement of
individual segments in the laminated beam was considered in the
construction of two-dimensional FEM model subjected to in fourpoint
bending to comply with the laboratory tests. Since laboratory
measurements of local elastic moduli may in general suffer from a
significant experimental error, it appears advantageous to exploit the
full scale measurements of timber beams, i.e. deflections, to improve
their prior distributions with the help of the Bayesian statistical
method. This, however, requires an efficient computational model
when simulating the laboratory tests numerically. To this end, a
simplified model based on Mindlin’s beam theory was established.
The improved posterior distributions show that the most significant
change of the Young’s modulus distribution takes place in laminae in
the most strained zones, i.e. in the top and bottom layers within the
beam center region. Posterior distributions of moduli of elasticity
were subsequently utilized in the 2D FEM model and compared with
the original simulations.
Abstract: In this study, the Compressive strength of concretes
made with Ground Granulated Blast furnace Slag (GGBS),
Pulverised Fuel Ash (PFA), Rice Husk Ash (RHA) and Waste Glass
Powder (WGP) after they were exposed 7800C (exposure duration of
around 60 minutes) and then allowed to cool down gradually in the
furnace for about 280 minutes at water binder ratio of 0.50 was
investigated. GGBS, PFA, RHA and WGP were used to replace up to
20% Portland cement in the control concrete. Test for the
determination of workability, compressive strength and tensile
splitting strength of the concretes were carried out and the results
were compared with control concrete. The test results showed that the
compressive strength decreased by an average of around 30% after
the concretes were exposed to the heating and cooling scenario.
Abstract: The thermal control in many systems is widely
accomplished applying mixed convection process due to its low cost,
reliability and easy maintenance. Typical applications include the
aircraft electronic equipment, rotating-disc heat exchangers, turbo
machinery, and nuclear reactors, etc. Natural convection in an inclined
square enclosure heated via wall heater has been studied numerically.
Finite volume method is used for solving momentum and energy
equations in the form of stream function–vorticity. The right and left
walls are kept at a constant temperature, while the other parts are
adiabatic. The range of the inclination angle covers a whole revolution.
The method is validated for a vertical cavity. A general power law
dependence of the Nusselt number with respect to the Rayleigh
number with the coefficient and exponent as functions of the
inclination angle is presented. For a fixed Rayleigh number, the
inclination angle increases or decreases is found.
Abstract: Ionic liquids consisting of a phosphonium cationic
moiety and a saccharinate anion are synthesized and compared with
their precursors, phosphonium chlorides, in reference to their
extraction efficiency towards L-lactic acid. On the base of
measurements of the acid and the water partitioning in the
equilibrium biphasic systems, the molar ratios between acid, water
and ionic liquid are estimated which allows to deduce the lactic acid
extractive pathway. The effect of a salting-out addition that
strengthens hydrophobicity in both phases is studied in view to reveal
the best biphasic system with respect to IL low toxicity and high
extraction efficiency.
Abstract: Catalytic combustion of methane is imperative due to
stability of methane at low temperature. Methane (CH4), therefore,
remains unconverted in vehicle exhausts thereby causing greenhouse
gas GHG emission problem. In this study, heterogeneous catalysts of
palladium with bio-char (2 wt% Pd/Bc) and Al2O3 (2wt% Pd/ Al2O3)
supports were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation and then
subsequently tested for catalytic combustion of CH4. Support-porous
heterogeneous catalytic combustion (HCC) material were selected
based on factors such as surface area, porosity, thermal stability,
thermal conductivity, reactivity with reactants or products, chemical
stability, catalytic activity, and catalyst life. Sustainable and
renewable support-material of bio-mass char derived from palm shell
waste material was compared with those from the conventional
support-porous materials. Kinetic rate of reaction was determined for
combustion of methane on Palladium (Pd) based catalyst with Al2O3
support and bio-char (Bc). Material characterization was done using
TGA, SEM, and BET surface area. The performance test was
accomplished using tubular quartz reactor with gas mixture ratio of
3% methane and 97% air. The methane porous-HCC conversion was
carried out using online gas analyzer connected to the reactor that
performed porous-HCC. BET surface area for prepared 2 wt% Pd/Bc
is smaller than prepared 2wt% Pd/ Al2O3 due to its low porosity
between particles. The order of catalyst activity based on kinetic rate
on reaction of catalysts in low temperature was 2wt%
Pd/Bc>calcined 2wt% Pd/ Al2O3> 2wt% Pd/ Al2O3>calcined 2wt%
Pd/Bc. Hence agro waste material can successfully be utilized as an
inexpensive catalyst support material for enhanced CH4 catalytic
combustion.
Abstract: This study aimed to examine the management and
development of forest tourism Kamchanoad. Ban Dung, Udon Thani
sustainability. Data were collected by means of qualitative research
including in-depth interviews, semi- structured, and then the data
were summarized and discussed in accordance with the objectives.
And make a presentation in the form of lectures. The target
population for the study consisted of 16 people, including
representatives from government agencies, community leaders and
the community. The results showed that Guidelines for the
Management and Development of Forest Tourism Kamchanoad
include management of buildings and infrastructure such as roads,
water, electricity, toilets. Other developments are the establishment
of a service center that provides information and resources to
facilitate tourists.; nature trails and informative signage to educate
visitors on the path to the jungle Kamchanoad; forest activities for
tourists who are interested only in occasional educational activities
such as vegetation, etc.; disseminating information on various aspects
of tourism through various channels in both Thailand and English, as
well as a web site to encourage community involvement in the
planning and management of tourism together with the care and
preservation of natural resources and preserving the local cultural
tourist area of Kamchanoad.
Abstract: To determine the potential of a low cost Irish
engineered timber product to replace high cost solid timber for use in
bending active structures such as gridshells a single Irish engineered
timber product in the form of orientated strand board (OSB) was
selected. A comparative study of OSB and solid timber was carried
out to determine the optimum properties that make a material suitable
for use in gridshells. Three parameters were identified to be relevant
in the selection of a material for gridshells. These three parameters
are the strength to stiffness ratio, the flexural stiffness of
commercially available sections, and the variability of material and
section properties. It is shown that when comparing OSB against
solid timber, OSB is a more suitable material for use in gridshells that
are at the smaller end of the scale and that have tight radii of
curvature. Typically, for solid timber materials, stiffness is used as an
indicator for strength and engineered timber is no different. Thus, low
flexural stiffness would mean low flexural strength. However, when
it comes to bending active gridshells, OSB offers a significant
advantage. By the addition of multiple layers, an increased section
size is created, thus endowing the structure with higher stiffness and
higher strength from initial low stiffness and low strength materials
while still maintaining tight radii of curvature. This allows OSB to
compete with solid timber on large scale gridshells. Additionally, a
preliminary sustainability study using a set of sustainability indicators
was carried out to determine the relative sustainability of building a
large-scale gridshell in Ireland with a primary focus on economic
viability but a mention is also given to social and environmental
aspects. For this, the Savill garden gridshell in the UK was used as
the functional unit with the sustainability of the structural roof
skeleton constructed from UK larch solid timber being compared
with the same structure using Irish OSB. Albeit that the advantages of
using commercially available OSB in a bending active gridshell are
marginal and limited to specific gridshell applications, further study
into an optimised engineered timber product is merited.